BAKLA (Vicia faba L.) KÖK UCU HÜCRELERİNDE NONİLFENOLÜN SİTOGENETİK ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Nonilfenoller insan ve hayvanlarda salgılanan bazı hormonların taklitçisi olarak iş gören kimyasal maddelerden biridir. Nonilfenoller günlük hayatta çamaşır, bulaşık deterjanı, antioksidan, çözündürücü, boya, böcek öldürücü, kişisel bakım ürünleri, bazı bebek bezlerinde, plastik üretiminde yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu maddenin insan ve hayvanlardaki etkileri ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış fakat bitkiler üzerindeki sitogenetik etkileri ile ilgili yeterli çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada nonilfenolün bakla (Vicia faba L.) tohumlarının çimlenmesi sırasında gerçekleşen mitoz bölünmesi üzerindeki etkileri ilk kez incelenmiştir. Kontrol, 25, 50 ve 100 ppm nonilfenol içeren çözeltilerle sulanan tüm bakla tohumları çimlenmiş fakat 200, 400, 800 ve 1000 ppm çözelti ile sulanan tohumlar çimlenmemiştir. Artan nonilfenol konsantrasyonu mitoz bölünmeyi olumsuz etkilemiştir. Nonilfenol, çimlenen tohumların kromozom ve çekirdeklerinde de anormallikler meydana getirmiştir. En çok gözlenen anormallik bir, iki ya da üç mikro çekirdek oluşumudur. Ayrıca düzensiz kromozom dağılması, kromozom yapışması, kromozom büzülmesi, köprü kromozom gibi kromozom anormallikleri de bu çalışmada gözlenmiştir. En çok anormallik çeşidi 50 ppm nonilfenol çözeltisi uygulanan tohumlarda, en az anormallik çeşidi ise 100 ppm nonilfenol çözeltisi uygulanan tohumlarda gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar nonilfenolün sadece insan ve hayvanlarda değil bitkilerin mitoz bölünmesini de etkilediği ve kromozom anormallikleri yaptığını net olarak göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kromozom anormalliği
• nonilfenol
• sitogenetik
• Vicia faba

Kaynakça

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