21st century skills in pre-service physical education and sports teacher education in Türkiye: is it sufficient?
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 490 - 497, 30.12.2024
Yaşar İsmail Gülünay
,
Numan Bahadır Kayışoğlu
,
Cenk Temel
,
Mert Aydogmus
Öz
The aim of the research is to investigate pre-service physical education and sports teachers' perceptions of their proficiency in 21st century skills and the level of importance of these skills according to them. A total of 338 voluntary participants—162 women and 176 men—participated in this research which was carried out with a survey design. As data collection tools, "Importance of Having 21st Century Skills Scale" and “21st Century Skills Competence Perception Scale”, which were developed by Aydın and Tan Şişman (2021), and “Demographic Information Form” were used. Frequency tables, descriptive statistics, skewness-kurtosis analysis, independent samples T-test were applied with SPSS 25. The study's findings revealed that pre-service physical education and sports teachers considered 21st Century skills sufficiently important and perceived themselves as competent in this field. Additionally, no significant difference was found according to gender, grade and cumulative grade point average variables. In order to carry 21st century skills a little further, it is recommended for further research to create greater awareness in this field with a mindset transformation, to increase the acquisition and use of these skills through various seminars and trainings.
Kaynakça
- Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D. I., Wade, C. A., & Persson, T. (2015). Strategies for teaching students to think critically: A meta-analysis. Review of educational research, 85(2), 275-314.
- Alpar, R. (2012). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlilik-güvenirlilik. Ankara: Detay.
- Asian Development Bank. (2007). Moving toward knowledge-based economies: Asian experiences. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29699/knowledge-based-economies.pdf.
- Australian Government. (2022). Links to 21st century learning. Retrieved from https://www.education.gov.au/australian-curriculum/national-stem-education-resources-toolkit/i-want-know-about-stem-education/what-works-best-when-teaching-stem/links-21st-century-learning.
- Aydın, A., & Şişman, G. T. (2021). Hizmet öncesi İngilizce öğretmen eğitiminde 21. yüzyıl becerileri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 1223-1251. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.975533.
- Bailey, D. A., & Martin, A. D. (1994). Physical activity and skeletal health in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 6(4), 330-347.
- Batella for kids (n.d.). Our Networks. Retrieved from https://www.battelleforkids.org/networks/edleader21-network
- Battelle for Kids. (2019). Networks. Retrieved from http://www.battelleforkids.org/networks/ edleader21-network
- Bell, D. (1980): The Social Framework of the Information Society. In Forester, T. (ed), The Microelectronics Revolution: The Complete Guide to the New Technology and Its Impact on Society (pp.500-549). Cambridge: MIT.
Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M. ve Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17–66). New York: Springer.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara:Pegem.
- Coşkuner, Z., Büyükçelebi, H., Kurak, K., & Açak, M. (2021). Examining the Impact of Sports on Secondary Education Students' Life Skills. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(2), 292-304.
- Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In Bellanca, J.A., Brandt, R. (Eds.), 21st century skills: rethinking how students learn (pp.51-76). Bloomington:Solution Tree
- Diker Coşkun, Y. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Doctoral Dissertation, Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
- Domenech, F. & Gomez, A (2014). The relationship among students' and teachers' thinking styles, psychological needs and motivation. Learning and Individual Differences, 29, 89-97.
- Duta, N., Panisoara, G., & Panisoara, I. O. (2015). The Effective Communication in Teaching. Diagnostic study regarding the academic learning motivation to students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 1007-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.064.
- Ennis, C. D. (2011). Physical education curriculum priorities: Evidence for education and skillfulness. Quest, 63(1), 5-18.
- Erdem, C., & Erişti, B. (2018). Paving the way for media literacy instruction in preservice teacher education: Prospective teachers' levels of media literacy skills. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4).
- Erdoğan, D., & Eker, C. (2020). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının 21. yy becerileri ile yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Karaelmas Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 118-148.
- Erten, P. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl becerileri yeterlilik algıları ve bu becerilerin kazandırılmasına yönelik görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(227), 33-64.
- Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education (SPARK) program on physical activity and fitness of elementary school children. American Journal of Public Health, 87(8), 1328-1334.
- Fox, K. R. (1988). The self-esteem complex and youth fitness. Quest, 40(3), 230-246.
- Galli, F., Palombi, T., Mallia, L., Chirico, A., Zandonai, T., Alivernini, F., ... & Lucidi, F. (2021). Promoting media literacy online: An intervention on performance and appearance enhancement substances with sport high school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5596.
- Gelmez Burakgazi, S., Karsantık, Y., Aktan, T., Ayaz, M. A., Büge, B. C., Karataş, F., … Yavaşca, O. (2019). Equipped or not? Investigating pre-service teachers’ 21st century skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(4), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671803
- Gibbons, S. L., Ebbeck, V., & Weiss, M. R. (1995). Fair play for kids: Effects on the moral development of children in physical education. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 66(3), 247-255.
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- Graham, G., Holt/Hale, S. A., & Parker, M. (2013). Children Moving: A Reflective Approach to Teaching Physical Education. McGraw-Hill.
- Gutin, B., Barbeau, P., & Yin, Z. (2004). Exercise interventions for prevention of obesity and related disorders in youths. Quest, 56(1), 120-141.
- Güler, Y., & Tuncel, F. (2022). Beden eğı̇tı̇mı̇ ve spor öğretmen adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl becerı̇lerı̇ öz-yeterlı̇k algıları. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 70-81.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Harlow:Pearson Education Limited.
- Hassmen, P., Koivula, N., & Uutela, A. (2000). Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland. Preventive medicine, 30(1), 17-25.
- Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational researcher, 38(5), 365-379.
- Jurik, V., Gröschner, A., & Seidel, T. (2014). Predicting students' cognitive learning activity and intrinsic learning motivation: How powerful are teacher statements, student profiles, and gender? Learning and individual differences, 32, 132-139.
- Karaman, B., & Arısoy, A. (2023). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin sınıf içi etkili iletişim beceri algılarının incelenmesi: Şanlıurfa örneği. In Koçyiğit, B., Bayıroğlu, G. B. (Ed), Spor Bilimlerinde Multidisipliner Araştırmalar 2023 (pp.29-44). İstanbul: Efe Akademik.
- Karaman, M. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının medya okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(1), Doi: 10.19145/guifd.90435
- Karvalics L. Z. (2007). Information society – what is it exactly. In Pintér R. (ed), Information Society. From theory to political practice (pp29-46). Budapest: Network for Teaching Information Society.
- Kay, K. (2010). 21st century skills: why they matter, what they are, and how we get there. In Bellanca, J.A., Brandt, R. (Eds.), 21st century skills: rethinking how students learn (pp.7-24). Bloomington:Solution Tree
- Kirk, D. (2009). Physical education futures. Routledge.
- Küçük, D. P. (2012). Müzik öğretmenliği anabilim dalı öğrencilerinin iletişim ve problem çözme becerileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 33-54.
- Liu, Y., Feng, Q., Tong, Y., & Guo, K. (2023). Effect of physical exercise on social adaptability of college students: Chain intermediary effect of social-emotional competency and self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1120925.
- Mallia, L., Chirico, A., Zelli, A., Galli, F., Palombi, T., Bortoli, L., ... & Lucidi, F. (2020). The implementation and evaluation of a media literacy intervention about PAES use in sport science students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 368. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00368
- Ministry of National Education. (2017). Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri. Retrieved from https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/StPrg/Ogretmenlik_Meslegi_Genel_Yeterlikleri.pdf
- Mirzeoğlu, D., Çelebi, M., & Özcan, G. (2005). Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersinin Beden Eğitimi Bölümü Öğretmen Adaylarının Sınıf İçi İletişim Becerilerine Etkisi. Paper presented in 4. Ulusal Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Sempozyumu. Bursa.
- Mohnsen, B. S. (2006). Using technology in physical education. Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Moore, N. (1997). The information society. World information report, 271-284.
- Moradi, K., & Soroush, S. (2023). The Role of Team Sports in Social Adjustment, Self-concept and Self-efficacy of Students. Iranian Journal of Culture and Health Promotion, 6(4), 664-671.
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Türkiye'de hizmet öncesi beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni yetiştirmede 21. yüzyıl becerileri: yeterli mi?
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 490 - 497, 30.12.2024
Yaşar İsmail Gülünay
,
Numan Bahadır Kayışoğlu
,
Cenk Temel
,
Mert Aydogmus
Öz
Araştırmanın amacı, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni adaylarının 21. yüzyıl becerilerindeki yeterliliklerine ilişkin algılarını ve bu becerilerin kendilerine göre önem düzeylerini incelemektir. Tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada 162 kadın ve 176 erkek olmak üzere toplam 338 gönüllü katılımcı yer almıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Aydın ve Tan Şişman (2021) tarafından geliştirilen "21. Yüzyıl Becerilerine Sahip Olmanın Önemi Ölçeği" ve "21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği" ile "Demografik Bilgi Formu" kullanılmıştır. Frekans tabloları, betimsel istatistikler, çarpıklık-basıklık analizi, bağımsız örneklemler t-testi SPSS 25 ile uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni adaylarının 21. yüzyıl becerilerini yeterince önemli gördükleri ve bu alanda kendilerini yeterli algıladıkları yönündedir. Ayrıca cinsiyet, sınıf ve genel not ortalaması değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin biraz daha ileriye taşınabilmesi için bu alanda daha fazla farkındalık yaratacak, zihniyet dönüşümü sağlayacak araştırmalar yapılması, çeşitli seminer ve eğitimlerle bu becerilerin edinilmesi ve kullanımının artırılması önerilmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D. I., Wade, C. A., & Persson, T. (2015). Strategies for teaching students to think critically: A meta-analysis. Review of educational research, 85(2), 275-314.
- Alpar, R. (2012). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlilik-güvenirlilik. Ankara: Detay.
- Asian Development Bank. (2007). Moving toward knowledge-based economies: Asian experiences. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29699/knowledge-based-economies.pdf.
- Australian Government. (2022). Links to 21st century learning. Retrieved from https://www.education.gov.au/australian-curriculum/national-stem-education-resources-toolkit/i-want-know-about-stem-education/what-works-best-when-teaching-stem/links-21st-century-learning.
- Aydın, A., & Şişman, G. T. (2021). Hizmet öncesi İngilizce öğretmen eğitiminde 21. yüzyıl becerileri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 1223-1251. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.975533.
- Bailey, D. A., & Martin, A. D. (1994). Physical activity and skeletal health in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 6(4), 330-347.
- Batella for kids (n.d.). Our Networks. Retrieved from https://www.battelleforkids.org/networks/edleader21-network
- Battelle for Kids. (2019). Networks. Retrieved from http://www.battelleforkids.org/networks/ edleader21-network
- Bell, D. (1980): The Social Framework of the Information Society. In Forester, T. (ed), The Microelectronics Revolution: The Complete Guide to the New Technology and Its Impact on Society (pp.500-549). Cambridge: MIT.
Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M. ve Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17–66). New York: Springer.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara:Pegem.
- Coşkuner, Z., Büyükçelebi, H., Kurak, K., & Açak, M. (2021). Examining the Impact of Sports on Secondary Education Students' Life Skills. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(2), 292-304.
- Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In Bellanca, J.A., Brandt, R. (Eds.), 21st century skills: rethinking how students learn (pp.51-76). Bloomington:Solution Tree
- Diker Coşkun, Y. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Doctoral Dissertation, Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
- Domenech, F. & Gomez, A (2014). The relationship among students' and teachers' thinking styles, psychological needs and motivation. Learning and Individual Differences, 29, 89-97.
- Duta, N., Panisoara, G., & Panisoara, I. O. (2015). The Effective Communication in Teaching. Diagnostic study regarding the academic learning motivation to students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 1007-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.064.
- Ennis, C. D. (2011). Physical education curriculum priorities: Evidence for education and skillfulness. Quest, 63(1), 5-18.
- Erdem, C., & Erişti, B. (2018). Paving the way for media literacy instruction in preservice teacher education: Prospective teachers' levels of media literacy skills. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4).
- Erdoğan, D., & Eker, C. (2020). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının 21. yy becerileri ile yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Karaelmas Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 118-148.
- Erten, P. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl becerileri yeterlilik algıları ve bu becerilerin kazandırılmasına yönelik görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(227), 33-64.
- Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education (SPARK) program on physical activity and fitness of elementary school children. American Journal of Public Health, 87(8), 1328-1334.
- Fox, K. R. (1988). The self-esteem complex and youth fitness. Quest, 40(3), 230-246.
- Galli, F., Palombi, T., Mallia, L., Chirico, A., Zandonai, T., Alivernini, F., ... & Lucidi, F. (2021). Promoting media literacy online: An intervention on performance and appearance enhancement substances with sport high school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5596.
- Gelmez Burakgazi, S., Karsantık, Y., Aktan, T., Ayaz, M. A., Büge, B. C., Karataş, F., … Yavaşca, O. (2019). Equipped or not? Investigating pre-service teachers’ 21st century skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(4), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671803
- Gibbons, S. L., Ebbeck, V., & Weiss, M. R. (1995). Fair play for kids: Effects on the moral development of children in physical education. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 66(3), 247-255.
- Gökbulut, B. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının eğitim inançları ile 21. yüzyıl becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Turkish Studies, 15(1), 127-141.
- Graham, G., Holt/Hale, S. A., & Parker, M. (2013). Children Moving: A Reflective Approach to Teaching Physical Education. McGraw-Hill.
- Gutin, B., Barbeau, P., & Yin, Z. (2004). Exercise interventions for prevention of obesity and related disorders in youths. Quest, 56(1), 120-141.
- Güler, Y., & Tuncel, F. (2022). Beden eğı̇tı̇mı̇ ve spor öğretmen adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl becerı̇lerı̇ öz-yeterlı̇k algıları. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 70-81.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Harlow:Pearson Education Limited.
- Hassmen, P., Koivula, N., & Uutela, A. (2000). Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland. Preventive medicine, 30(1), 17-25.
- Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational researcher, 38(5), 365-379.
- Jurik, V., Gröschner, A., & Seidel, T. (2014). Predicting students' cognitive learning activity and intrinsic learning motivation: How powerful are teacher statements, student profiles, and gender? Learning and individual differences, 32, 132-139.
- Karaman, B., & Arısoy, A. (2023). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin sınıf içi etkili iletişim beceri algılarının incelenmesi: Şanlıurfa örneği. In Koçyiğit, B., Bayıroğlu, G. B. (Ed), Spor Bilimlerinde Multidisipliner Araştırmalar 2023 (pp.29-44). İstanbul: Efe Akademik.
- Karaman, M. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının medya okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(1), Doi: 10.19145/guifd.90435
- Karvalics L. Z. (2007). Information society – what is it exactly. In Pintér R. (ed), Information Society. From theory to political practice (pp29-46). Budapest: Network for Teaching Information Society.
- Kay, K. (2010). 21st century skills: why they matter, what they are, and how we get there. In Bellanca, J.A., Brandt, R. (Eds.), 21st century skills: rethinking how students learn (pp.7-24). Bloomington:Solution Tree
- Kirk, D. (2009). Physical education futures. Routledge.
- Küçük, D. P. (2012). Müzik öğretmenliği anabilim dalı öğrencilerinin iletişim ve problem çözme becerileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 33-54.
- Liu, Y., Feng, Q., Tong, Y., & Guo, K. (2023). Effect of physical exercise on social adaptability of college students: Chain intermediary effect of social-emotional competency and self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1120925.
- Mallia, L., Chirico, A., Zelli, A., Galli, F., Palombi, T., Bortoli, L., ... & Lucidi, F. (2020). The implementation and evaluation of a media literacy intervention about PAES use in sport science students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 368. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00368
- Ministry of National Education. (2017). Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri. Retrieved from https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/StPrg/Ogretmenlik_Meslegi_Genel_Yeterlikleri.pdf
- Mirzeoğlu, D., Çelebi, M., & Özcan, G. (2005). Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersinin Beden Eğitimi Bölümü Öğretmen Adaylarının Sınıf İçi İletişim Becerilerine Etkisi. Paper presented in 4. Ulusal Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Sempozyumu. Bursa.
- Mohnsen, B. S. (2006). Using technology in physical education. Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Moore, N. (1997). The information society. World information report, 271-284.
- Moradi, K., & Soroush, S. (2023). The Role of Team Sports in Social Adjustment, Self-concept and Self-efficacy of Students. Iranian Journal of Culture and Health Promotion, 6(4), 664-671.
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