ÇOCUKLARDAKİ GİZLİ TEHLİKE: TIKANIRCASINA YEME BOZUKLUĞU

Öz

Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu (TYB) en sık görülen yeme bozukluklarından biri olmakla birlikte çocuk ve adölesanlarda başta obezite olmak üzere bir dizi psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlık sorunlarıyla ilişkili olduğundan giderek önemi artan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu benzer koşullarda çoğu insanın tüketebileceğinden çok daha fazla miktarda besin tüketimi ve yeme davranışında kontrol kaybı ile karakterize bir bozukluktur. Çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalarda prevelansının %1-3 arasında olduğu ve görülme oranının gittikçe arttığı ve literatürde görülme yaşının 5 yaşına kadar düştüğü görülmektedir. Açlık hissi yokluğunda yeme, yerken yemeyi durduramama ya da ne kadar yediğini kontrol edememe, tekrarlayan tıkınırcasına yeme atakları, tıkınırcasına yemenin yordayıcısıdır. Çocukta yeme takıntısını işaret eden davranışlar, alışılmadık şekilde hızlı yeme, duygusal olarak sıkıntılı veya bunalmışken yiyecek arama, yaşına uygun olmayan kilo alımı veya tıbbi bir durum ile açıklanamayan kilo dalgalanmaları şeklinde gözlenebilir. Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğuna karşı yapılacak erken müdahaleler sadece bir yeme bozukluğunu önlemeye yardımcı olmayacak, aynı zamanda sağlıksız yeme davranışlarının yaşam boyu sürecek zararlı alışkanlıklara dönüşmesini engelleyecektir. Bu derlemede tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğunun tanılanması, prevalansı, obeziteyle ilişkisi ve tedavi süreçlerinden bahsedilecektir. Bozukluğun tanılanmasında geç kalınmaması ve aile desteğinin alınması tedavi süreci için belirleyicidir. Ülkemizde tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğunun çocuk ve adölesanlarda taranması ve okul sağlığı tarama programlarına entegre edilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca okul sağlığı hizmetleri kapsamında yeme bozuklarına yönelik farkındalık çalışmalarının artırılması, okul ve aile işbirliklerinin sağlanması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocukluk çağı beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları
• obezite
• pediyatrik obezite
• Aşırı yeme bozukluğu;
• Beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları
• Beslenme davranışı

A Hidden Peril in Children: Binge Eating Disorder

Öz

Since binge eating disorder (BED) is one of the most common eating disorders, it is an increasingly important public health problem as it is associated with several psychological and physical health problems, especially obesity in children and adolescents. Binge eating disorder is characterized by lack of control of one’s eating and eating larger amount of food than most people would consume in similar conditions. In studies conducted in children, it is seen that the prevalence of BED is between 1-3% and the incidence is increasing gradually, and the age of incidence in the literature has decreased up to 5 years of age. Eating in the absence of hunger, inability to stop eating while eating or not being able to control how much one eats, and recurrent episodes of binge eating are predictors of binge eating. Behaviours that indicate an obsession with eating in a child may include unusually fast eating, foraging for food when emotionally distressed or overwhelmed, weight gain that is not appropriate for his age, or weight fluctuations that cannot be explained by a medical condition. Early interventions against binge eating disorder will not only help prevent an eating disorder, but also prevent unhealthy eating behaviours from turning into harmful lifelong habits. In this review, the diagnosis and prevalence of BED, its relationship with obesity and the treatment processes for binge eating disorder will be discussed. Not being late in the diagnosis of the disorder and receiving family support are decisive for the treatment process. Screening of binge eating disorder in children and adolescents and integrating it into the school health screening programs are very important in our country. In addition, it is necessary to increase awareness of eating disorders and to provide school and family collaborations in studies on school health services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Feeding and eating disorders of childhood
• Pediatric obesity
• Binge-eating disorder
• Feeding and eating disorders
• Feeding behavior

Kaynakça

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