VEJETARYEN DİYETLERDE BESİN TÜKETİMLERİ VE BEDEN KÜTLE İNDEKSİ FARKLILIKLARI

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma vegan ve diğer tiplerde vejetaryen beslenen yetişkinlerin beden kütle indeksi, besin desteği kullanımı ve besin tüketim miktar ve sıklıklarını incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma Ağustos-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında, 108 vejetaryen bireyde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada çevrimiçi anket kullanılmıştır. Anketin birinci bölümü yaş, boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, cinsiyet gibi genel özellikler, ikinci bölümü ise vejetaryen/vegan beslenme tarzına ait sorular ve besin tüketim sıklık ve miktar sorularından oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar vegan ve non-vegan (Lakto vejetaryen, Lakto-ovo vejetaryen, Semi vejetaryen, Pesko-pollo-vejetaryen) olarak değerlendirilmişlerdir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların çoğunun kadın (%86), bekâr, yüksek gelir ve eğitim düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir (p<0.05). Katılımcıların %50’si vegan, geri kalanların %23’ü lakto-ovo vejetaryendir. Beden kitle indeksleri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmemiştir. Vejetaryen diyetleri tercih etmelerindeki en büyük sebep etik nedenlerdir (%82). Katılımcıların %55.6’sının B12, %40’ının D vitamini ve %14.8’inin demir desteği kullandığı tespit edilmiştir; veganların non-vegan gruba göre daha yüksek olarak (%63’e %48) B12 desteği kullandığı tespit edilmiş fakat fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Çalışmamızda non-veganlarda bitkisel süt, bitkisel kıyma, tofu ve soya ürünlerini hiç tüketmeyenlerin veganlardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Katılımcıların vitamin ve mineral açısından zenginleştirilmiş alternatif süt ürünlerini nadir tükettikleri, çoğunlukla günlük olarak sebze ve meyve tükettikleri, kurubaklagil ve kuru yemişleri ise tahıllardan daha sık tükettikleri bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Katılımcıların çoğunlukla etik nedenlerle vejetaryen diyetleri seçtikleri, beslenme tiplerine göre beden kitle indekslerinde bir farklılık olmadığı fakat besin tüketimlerinde bir takım farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Hiç hayvansal ürün tüketmeyen vegan bireylerin alternatif et ve süt ürünlerini de diğer tiplerden daha çok tükettiği bulunmuştur. Vejetaryen beslenme tiplerine yönelik farklı beslenme önerilerine ihtiyaç duyulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vejeteryan diyeti
• Vejetaryenlik
• Vegan
• Zayıflama
• Vitamin Mineral Eksiklikleri.

Food Consumption and Body Mass Index Differences in Vegetarian Diets

Öz

Aim: This study was carried out to examine the body mass index, the use of dietary supplements, and food consumption amount and frequency of all types of vegetarian adults. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 108 vegetarian/vegan individuals between August-November 2021. An online questionnaire was used in the study. The first part of the questionnaire consists of questions on general characteristics such as age, height, weight and gender, and the second part consists of questions about the vegetarian/vegan diet and the frequency and amount of food consumption. Participants were evaluated as vegan and non-vegan (Lacto vegetarian, Lacto-ovo vegetarian, Semi-vegetarian, Pesco-pollo-vegetarian). Results: It is seen that most of the participants were female (86%), single, have high income and education level (p<0.05). A total of 50% were vegan, and 23% were lacto-ovo vegetarian, and the most important reason for preferring vegetarian diets was ethical reasons (82%). No significant differences were found in body mass indexes. 55.6% of the participants used B12, 40% vitamin D and 14.8% iron supplements, and vegans used B12 supplementation at a higher rate (63% vs 48%) compared to the non-vegan group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It was determined that non-vegans who did not consume vegetable milk, vegetable minced meat, tofu and soy products were higher than vegans (p<0.05). It was found that the participants rarely consumed alternative dairy products enriched with vitamins and minerals, mostly consumed vegetables and fruits on a daily basis, and consumed legumes and nuts more frequently than cereals. Conclusions and Suggestions: It was observed that the participants mostly chose vegetarian diets for ethical reasons, there was no difference in body mass indexes according to nutrition types, but there were some differences in food consumption. It has been found that vegan individuals consume alternative meat and dairy products higher than other types. Different nutritional recommendations may be needed for vegetarian diets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vegetarian Diet
• Vegetarianism
• Vegan
• Weight Loss
• Vitamin Mineral Deficiencies

Kaynakça

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