Vegetable Growers' Views on Pesticide Use in Greenhouse Agriculture and Evaluation of Health Literacy Status

Öz

Aim: The study's goal was to evaluate the association between vegetable growers' opinions on pesticide use in greenhouse farming and their level of health literacy. Method: The universe of this descriptive-cross-sectional research consists of greenhouses of 10 hectares and above located in Adana Province Seyhan District. Sample selection was not made and it was aimed to reach the population. The research was completed with 335 greenhouse workers who accepted the research. Power analysis was performed to evaluate the sample size and the power of the study with the G*Power 3.0.10 program was found to be 99.5%. Introductory information form for individuals and “Adult Health Literacy Scale (YSOÖ)” were used to collect data. In analysis; “Mann-Whitney U” test (Z-table value), “Kruskal-Wallis H” test (χ2-table value) method was used. Bonferroni correction was applied for pairwise comparisons of variables with significant difference in three or more groups. The “Spearman” correlation coefficient was used for the variables that did not have a normal distribution. Results: 57.3% of the greenhouse workers participating in the research are women, 37.9% are between the ages of 18-27, 40.0% have primary school education, 65.6% have an average daily working time of 9-12 hours, It was determined that 61.8% did not have regular health check-ups, 86.6% used pesticides in the greenhouse, 55.2% were dealers where they supplied pesticides, 68.3% read the warnings on the effects of pesticides. It has been observed that the mean Adult Health Literacy Scale score is 12.86±4.25, and as health literacy increases, the rate of having regular health checks, reading pesticide labels and applying what they read increases. Conclusions and Suggestions:In this study, it was observed that the pesticide use of greenhouse workers was high (86.6%). Additionally, it was discovered that pesticide usage behaviors exhibited a favorable tendency when health literacy levels increased. Further studies with experimental designs, individual and family-oriented training programs, and qualitative research that evaluates the effectiveness of training programs applied to greenhouse workers are also recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• health literacy
• greenhouse worker
• pesticide
• occupational health
• nursing

SERA TARIMINDA SEBZE YETİŞTİRİCİLERİNİN PESTİSİT KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ VE SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIK DURUMUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Sera tarımında sebze yetiştiricilerinin pestisit kullanımına ilişkin görüşleri ile sağlık okuryazarlık durumu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel olarak yapılan bu araştırmanın evrenini Adana İli Seyhan İlçesi bölgesinde yer alan 10 hektar ve üstü seralar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş olup evrene ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayı kabul eden 335 sera işçisi ile araştırma tamamlanmıştır. Örneklem büyüklüğünün değerlendirilmesi için güç analizi yapılmış ve G*Power 3.0.10 programıyla çalışmanın gücü %99.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında bireylerlere tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve “Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (YSOÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Analizde; “Mann-Whitney U” test (Z-tablo değeri), “Kruskal-Wallis H” test (χ2-tablo değeri) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Üç veya daha fazla gruplarda anlamlı fark çıkan değişkenlerin ikili karşılaştırmaları için Bonferroni düzeltmesi uygulanmıştır. Normal dağılıma sahip olmayan değişkenlerde “Spearman” korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan sera işçilerinin %57.3’ü kadın, %37.9’u 18-27 yaş aralığında %40.0’ının eğitim düzeyinin ilkokul, %65.6’inin günlük ortalama çalışma süresinin 9-12 saat olduğu, %61,8’nin düzenli sağlık kontrolü yaptırmadığı, %86.6’sının serada pestisit, %55.2’sinin pestisit temin ettiği yerin bayi olduğu, %68.3’nün pestisit etkilerindeki uyarıları okuduğu belirlenmiştir. Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlık Ölçeği puan ortalamaları 12.86±4.25 olduğu sağlık okuryazarlık arttıkça düzenli sağlık kontrolü yaptırma, pestisit etiketlerini okuma ve okuduklarını uygulama oranının arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Bu araştırmada sera işçilerinin pestisit kullanımının yüksek olduğu (%86.6) görülmüştür. Ayrıca sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi arttıkça pestisit kullanım davranışlarının pozitif yönde eğilim gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sera çalışanlarına uygulanan eğitim programların etkinliğinin değerlendirildiği nitel araştırmalar, deneysel tasarımlı ileri çalışmalar yapılması ve birey ve aile odaklı eğitim programları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sağlık okuryazarlık
• sera işçisi
• pestisit
• iş sağlığı
• hemşirelik

Kaynakça

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