Araştırma Makalesi
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COVID-19 Pandemisinde Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Umutsuzluk: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Çalışma

Yıl 2024, , 173 - 186, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1349153

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisinde hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların umutsuzluk düzeyini ve etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymak amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 2022 yılının Ocak-Nisan ayları arasında Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğusu’ndaki bir ilde bulunan üç hastaneye bağlı diyaliz merkezlerinde HD tedavisi alan hastalarla yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini adı geçen hastanelerin diyaliz ünitelerinde tedavi gören tüm hastalar oluşturdu (N=147). Araştırma, dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 110 hasta ile tamamlandı. “Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu”, “Charlson Komorbidite İndeksi” ve “Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ)” ile araştırmanın verileri toplandı.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 63.30±15.33 olan hastaların %58.2’si erkek ve %80.0’ı evlidir. Hastaların %50.9’u COVID-19 tanısı almıştır, %56.4’ü kendisini COVID-19 açısından riskli grupta görmektedir ve %30.0’u COVID-19’un günlük yaşamında umutsuzluk yaşamasına neden olduğunu belirtmiştir. BUÖ toplam puan ortalamaları 7.87±5.38, Charlson Komorbidite İndeksi toplam puan ortalamaları 5.34±2.35 olarak bulundu. BHS toplam puan ile yaş arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki mevcuttu (p<0.05). COVID-19 tanısı almayanların BUÖ toplam puan ortalamaları, tanı alan gruba göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Pandemi sürecinde hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların üçte birinin umutsuzluk yaşadığı, umutsuzluk düzeyinin orta düzeyde olduğu, yaş arttıkça umutsuzluk düzeyinin arttığı ve COVID-19 tanısı almayanların umutsuzluk düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Bu kapsamda umutsuzluğun sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından erken tanısı, takibi, tedavisi ve yönetimi, hastalarda geri dönüşü olmayan hataların önlenmesi açısından önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Afifi, R., Maazouzi, C., Zamd, M., Mtioui, N., Elkhayat, S., Medkouri, G., & Benghanem, M. (2022). MO823: Psychological impact of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(Supplement_3), gfac083-005. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac083.005
  • American Nurses Association (ANA). American Nurses Association: Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice, 2 nd ed. Washington, DC. American Nurses Publishing;1998.
  • Andrade, S. V., Sesso, R. & Diniz, D. H. D. M. P. (2015). Hopelessness, suicide ideation, and depression in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis or transplant recipients. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, 37(1), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20150009
  • Bahar, A., & Ayar, D. (2022). The relationship of anxiety and hopelessness in hemodialysis patients. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(98), 1593-1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/sssj.62075
  • Başaran, D., Altun, Ö.Ş., Kaban, F., & Ecder, T. (2016). Evaluation of Hopelessness Levels of Hemodialysis Patients. Journal of Nephrology Nursing, 11(1), 9-16. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1971). The measurement of pessimism. The hopelessness scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 12(6), 861-865. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562
  • Büyükbayram, Z., Ayık, D. B., & İl, D. A. (2021). Perceived social support and hopelessness levels in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Nephrology Nursing, 16(3), 134-143. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Bonenkamp, A. A., Druiventak, T. A., van Eck van der Sluijs, A., van Ittersum, F. J., van Jaarsveld, B. C., Abrahams, A. C., & Domestico study group. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of dialysis patients. Journal of Nephrology, 34, 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-021-01005-1
  • Carlson, N., Nelveg‐Kristensen, K. E., Freese Ballegaard, E., Feldt‐Rasmussen, B., Hornum, M., Kamper, A. L. & Torp‐Pedersen, C. (2021). Increased vulnerability to COVID‐19 in chronic kidney disease. Journal of Internal Medicine, 290(1), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13239
  • Cengiz, D. U., & Sarıtaş, S. Ç. (2019). The effect of illness perception on hopelessness level of patients receiving hemodialysis. Turkish Journal of Nephrology, 28(4), 257-62.
  • Chan, A. S. W., Ho, J. M. C., Li, J. S. F., Tam, H. L., & Tang, P.M.K. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being of older chronic kidney disease patients. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.666973
  • Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(5), 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
  • Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W.C., Wang, C.B., & Bernardini, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110
  • Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck hopelessness scale validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 3111-319.
  • Duran, S., & Güngör, E. (2015). Determination of the emotional and social problems in dialysis patients. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, 41(2), 59-63. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Duru, H. (2022). The prevalence and severity of mental health problems and sexual dysfunction in hemodialysis patients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, 26(6), 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.13805
  • Ercan, F., & Demir, S. (2018). Hopelessness and quality of life levels in hemodialysis patients. Gazi Medical Journal, 29(3), 169-174. http://doi.org/10.12996/gmj.2018.49 (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Grandizoli, M. V., & Araújo Filho, G. M. D. (2020). Depression, hopelessness, suicide ideation and quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Hospitaler, 23(1), 53-65.
  • Hao, W., Tang, Q., Huang, X., Ao, L., Wang, J., & Xie, D. (2021). Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among maintenance dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Urology and Nephrology, 53, 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-02791-0
  • Henry, B. M., & Lippi, G. (2020). Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. International Urology and Nephrology, 52(6), 1193-1194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02451-9
  • Lee, J., Steel, J., Roumelioti, M. E., Erickson, S., Myaskovsky, L., Yabes, J. G., & Jhamb, M. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis. Kidney 360, 1(12), 1390-1397. https://doi.org/10.34067%2FKID.0004662020
  • Li, J., Li, S.X., Zhao, L. F., Kong, D. L., & Guo, Z. Y. (2020). Management recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 6(02), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.05.001
  • Meijers, B., Messa, P., & Ronco, C. (2020). Safeguarding the maintenance hemodialysis patient population during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Blood Purification, 49(3), 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507537
  • Moreira, R. A., da Silva Borges, M., & Moura, A. L. G. (2021). The Hope of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. Multidisciplinary Experiences in Renal Replacement Therapy. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100577
  • Ok, E., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2019). Hopelessness, anxiety, depression and treatment adherence in chronic hemodialysis patients. Internation Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(1), 423-429.
  • Öneç, K. (2020). Management of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Patients in the Pandemic-Experiences of Düzce University. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12(S1), 383-385. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Ponce, D., Nitsch, D., & Ikizler, T. A. (2024). Strategies to Prevent Infections in Dialysis Patients. In Seminars in Nephrology (p. 151467). WB Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151467
  • Seber, G., Dilbaz, N., Kaptanoğlu, C. & Tekin, D. (1993). Hopelessness scale: validity and reliability. Journal Crisis, 1, 139-142. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Sheykhangafshe, F. B., & Esmaeilinasab, M. (2021). Psychological implications of coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review. Chronic Diseases Journal, 9(3), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.22122/cdj.v9i3.629
  • Tang, B., Li, S., Xiong, Y., Tian, M., Yu, J., Xu, L. & Liu, S. (2020). COVID-19 pneumonia in a hemodialysis patient. Kidney Medicine, 2(3), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.03.001
  • Tan, M., Okanlı, A., Karabulutlu, E. & Erdem, N. (2005). Social support in hemodialysis patients and evaluation of the relationshıp between desperity. Journal of Nursology, 8(2), 32-39. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Tavassoli, N., Darvishpour, A., Mansour-Ghanaei, R., & Atrkarroushan, Z. A. (2019). Correlational study of hope and its relationship with spiritual health on hemodialysis patients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 146-150. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_461_18
  • Voorend, C. G. N., Van Oevelen, M., Nieberg, M., Meuleman, Y., Franssen, C. F. M., Joosten, H., & van Buren, M. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of anxiety and depression and health-related quality of life in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02593-0
  • Wang, H. (2020). Maintenance hemodialysis and COVID-19: saving lives with caution, care, and courage. Kidney Medicine, 2(3), 365-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.03.003
  • Yakaryılmaz, F. D., & Pembegül, İ. (2022). The Relationship Between Hopelessness and Daily Living Activities in Hemodialysis Patients. Fırat University Health Sciences Veterinary Journal, 36(2), 97-100. https://doi.org/10.4274/ejgg.galenos.2022.2022-1-4. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Yılmaz, Z., İstemihan, F.Y., Arayıcı, S. N., Yılmaz, S., & Güloğlu, B. (2020). The investigation of anxiety and hopelessness among individuals throughout COVID-19 outbreak. Crisis Journal, 28(3), 135-150.
  • Yu, J. Y., Kim, J. S., Hong, C. M., Lee, K. Y., Cho, N. J., Park, S., & Lee, E. Y. (2021). Psychological distress of patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic: A cross-sectional study in a University Hospital. PLoS One, 16(12), e0260929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260929

HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Yıl 2024, , 173 - 186, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1349153

Öz

Aim: This study was conducted to reveal the hopelessness level of the patients receiving hemodialysis treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors affecting it.
Method: This study was conducted with patients receiving HD treatment in dialysis centers affiliated with three hospitals in a province in Northeast Turkey between January and April 2022. The universe of the research is all patients who are treated in the dialysis units of the mentioned hospitals (N=147). The study was completed with 110 patients who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. The data of the study were collected with the “Descriptive Information Form”, “Charlson Comorbidity Index” and “Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)”.
Results: 58.2% of the patients with a mean age of 63.30±15.33 were male, and 80.0% were married. 50.9% of them were diagnosed with COVID-19, 56.4% perceived themselves in the risk group for COVID-19, and 30.0% stated that COVID-19 causes hopelessness in their daily life. The mean total score was 7.87±5.38 for the BHS and 5.34±2.35 for the Charlson Comorbidity Index. There was a significant positive correlation between BHS total score and age (p<0.05). The mean BHS total score of the patients who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 was significantly higher than the than those diagnosed (p<0.05).
Conclusion and Recommendations: One-third of the hemodialysis patients experienced hopelessness during the pandemic period, their hopelessness level was moderate, the level of hopelessness increased as age increased, and the hopelessness level of those who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 was higher. In this context, early diagnosis, follow-up, treatment and management of hopelessness by healthcare professionals is important in preventing irreversible errors in patients.

Kaynakça

  • Afifi, R., Maazouzi, C., Zamd, M., Mtioui, N., Elkhayat, S., Medkouri, G., & Benghanem, M. (2022). MO823: Psychological impact of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(Supplement_3), gfac083-005. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac083.005
  • American Nurses Association (ANA). American Nurses Association: Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice, 2 nd ed. Washington, DC. American Nurses Publishing;1998.
  • Andrade, S. V., Sesso, R. & Diniz, D. H. D. M. P. (2015). Hopelessness, suicide ideation, and depression in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis or transplant recipients. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, 37(1), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20150009
  • Bahar, A., & Ayar, D. (2022). The relationship of anxiety and hopelessness in hemodialysis patients. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(98), 1593-1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/sssj.62075
  • Başaran, D., Altun, Ö.Ş., Kaban, F., & Ecder, T. (2016). Evaluation of Hopelessness Levels of Hemodialysis Patients. Journal of Nephrology Nursing, 11(1), 9-16. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1971). The measurement of pessimism. The hopelessness scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 12(6), 861-865. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562
  • Büyükbayram, Z., Ayık, D. B., & İl, D. A. (2021). Perceived social support and hopelessness levels in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Nephrology Nursing, 16(3), 134-143. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Bonenkamp, A. A., Druiventak, T. A., van Eck van der Sluijs, A., van Ittersum, F. J., van Jaarsveld, B. C., Abrahams, A. C., & Domestico study group. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of dialysis patients. Journal of Nephrology, 34, 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-021-01005-1
  • Carlson, N., Nelveg‐Kristensen, K. E., Freese Ballegaard, E., Feldt‐Rasmussen, B., Hornum, M., Kamper, A. L. & Torp‐Pedersen, C. (2021). Increased vulnerability to COVID‐19 in chronic kidney disease. Journal of Internal Medicine, 290(1), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13239
  • Cengiz, D. U., & Sarıtaş, S. Ç. (2019). The effect of illness perception on hopelessness level of patients receiving hemodialysis. Turkish Journal of Nephrology, 28(4), 257-62.
  • Chan, A. S. W., Ho, J. M. C., Li, J. S. F., Tam, H. L., & Tang, P.M.K. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being of older chronic kidney disease patients. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.666973
  • Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(5), 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
  • Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W.C., Wang, C.B., & Bernardini, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110
  • Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck hopelessness scale validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 3111-319.
  • Duran, S., & Güngör, E. (2015). Determination of the emotional and social problems in dialysis patients. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, 41(2), 59-63. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Duru, H. (2022). The prevalence and severity of mental health problems and sexual dysfunction in hemodialysis patients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, 26(6), 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.13805
  • Ercan, F., & Demir, S. (2018). Hopelessness and quality of life levels in hemodialysis patients. Gazi Medical Journal, 29(3), 169-174. http://doi.org/10.12996/gmj.2018.49 (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Grandizoli, M. V., & Araújo Filho, G. M. D. (2020). Depression, hopelessness, suicide ideation and quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Hospitaler, 23(1), 53-65.
  • Hao, W., Tang, Q., Huang, X., Ao, L., Wang, J., & Xie, D. (2021). Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among maintenance dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Urology and Nephrology, 53, 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-02791-0
  • Henry, B. M., & Lippi, G. (2020). Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. International Urology and Nephrology, 52(6), 1193-1194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02451-9
  • Lee, J., Steel, J., Roumelioti, M. E., Erickson, S., Myaskovsky, L., Yabes, J. G., & Jhamb, M. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis. Kidney 360, 1(12), 1390-1397. https://doi.org/10.34067%2FKID.0004662020
  • Li, J., Li, S.X., Zhao, L. F., Kong, D. L., & Guo, Z. Y. (2020). Management recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 6(02), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.05.001
  • Meijers, B., Messa, P., & Ronco, C. (2020). Safeguarding the maintenance hemodialysis patient population during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Blood Purification, 49(3), 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507537
  • Moreira, R. A., da Silva Borges, M., & Moura, A. L. G. (2021). The Hope of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. Multidisciplinary Experiences in Renal Replacement Therapy. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100577
  • Ok, E., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2019). Hopelessness, anxiety, depression and treatment adherence in chronic hemodialysis patients. Internation Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(1), 423-429.
  • Öneç, K. (2020). Management of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Patients in the Pandemic-Experiences of Düzce University. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12(S1), 383-385. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Ponce, D., Nitsch, D., & Ikizler, T. A. (2024). Strategies to Prevent Infections in Dialysis Patients. In Seminars in Nephrology (p. 151467). WB Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151467
  • Seber, G., Dilbaz, N., Kaptanoğlu, C. & Tekin, D. (1993). Hopelessness scale: validity and reliability. Journal Crisis, 1, 139-142. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Sheykhangafshe, F. B., & Esmaeilinasab, M. (2021). Psychological implications of coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review. Chronic Diseases Journal, 9(3), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.22122/cdj.v9i3.629
  • Tang, B., Li, S., Xiong, Y., Tian, M., Yu, J., Xu, L. & Liu, S. (2020). COVID-19 pneumonia in a hemodialysis patient. Kidney Medicine, 2(3), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.03.001
  • Tan, M., Okanlı, A., Karabulutlu, E. & Erdem, N. (2005). Social support in hemodialysis patients and evaluation of the relationshıp between desperity. Journal of Nursology, 8(2), 32-39. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Tavassoli, N., Darvishpour, A., Mansour-Ghanaei, R., & Atrkarroushan, Z. A. (2019). Correlational study of hope and its relationship with spiritual health on hemodialysis patients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 146-150. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_461_18
  • Voorend, C. G. N., Van Oevelen, M., Nieberg, M., Meuleman, Y., Franssen, C. F. M., Joosten, H., & van Buren, M. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of anxiety and depression and health-related quality of life in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02593-0
  • Wang, H. (2020). Maintenance hemodialysis and COVID-19: saving lives with caution, care, and courage. Kidney Medicine, 2(3), 365-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.03.003
  • Yakaryılmaz, F. D., & Pembegül, İ. (2022). The Relationship Between Hopelessness and Daily Living Activities in Hemodialysis Patients. Fırat University Health Sciences Veterinary Journal, 36(2), 97-100. https://doi.org/10.4274/ejgg.galenos.2022.2022-1-4. (Original work published in Turkish).
  • Yılmaz, Z., İstemihan, F.Y., Arayıcı, S. N., Yılmaz, S., & Güloğlu, B. (2020). The investigation of anxiety and hopelessness among individuals throughout COVID-19 outbreak. Crisis Journal, 28(3), 135-150.
  • Yu, J. Y., Kim, J. S., Hong, C. M., Lee, K. Y., Cho, N. J., Park, S., & Lee, E. Y. (2021). Psychological distress of patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic: A cross-sectional study in a University Hospital. PLoS One, 16(12), e0260929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260929
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm Orjinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Pehlivan Köksal 0000-0002-7318-9153

Vacide Aşık Özdemir 0000-0001-6421-1518

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Pehlivan Köksal, Z., & Aşık Özdemir, V. (2024). HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1349153
AMA Pehlivan Köksal Z, Aşık Özdemir V. HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. JSHS. Nisan 2024;9(1):173-186. doi:10.47115/jshs.1349153
Chicago Pehlivan Köksal, Zeynep, ve Vacide Aşık Özdemir. “HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Nisan 2024): 173-86. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1349153.
EndNote Pehlivan Köksal Z, Aşık Özdemir V (01 Nisan 2024) HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9 1 173–186.
IEEE Z. Pehlivan Köksal ve V. Aşık Özdemir, “HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”, JSHS, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 173–186, 2024, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1349153.
ISNAD Pehlivan Köksal, Zeynep - Aşık Özdemir, Vacide. “HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9/1 (Nisan 2024), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1349153.
JAMA Pehlivan Köksal Z, Aşık Özdemir V. HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. JSHS. 2024;9:173–186.
MLA Pehlivan Köksal, Zeynep ve Vacide Aşık Özdemir. “HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 173-86, doi:10.47115/jshs.1349153.
Vancouver Pehlivan Köksal Z, Aşık Özdemir V. HOPELESSNESS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. JSHS. 2024;9(1):173-86.

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