Multipl Skleroz Hasta Kampına Katılan Hastaların Yeme Tutumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Hasta kampı MS hastalarının sosyalleşmeleri ve hastalıkları ile ilgili sorunlarını azaltmak için gerçekleştirilen bir etkinliktir. Bu gerekçe ile kamp ortamının MS hastalarının beslenmelerini etkileyebilecek yeme tutumlarının nasıl etkilendiğini belirlemek amacıyla bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmaya, 6. MS hasta kampına katılan 40 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri ve yeme davranışları anket formu ile sorgulandı. Antropometrik ölçümleri alındı. Yeme tutumları 26 maddelik Yeme Tutumu Testi (YTT-26) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS 21.0 programı kullanıldı ve p <0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya 22 kadın (%55,0), 18 erkek (%45,0) dahil edildi. Hastaların %72,5'i evli ve %32,5'i çalışmaktadır. Hastaların % 50,0'si fazla kilolu/obezdir. Hastalar ortalama 1,67±1,21 yıldır hasta kampına katılmaktadır. Kampa katılan hastaların ortalama YTT-26 skoru 14,65±10,53 ve %77,5’inin yeme tutumu normaldir. Hastaların %65,0'ı yalnız yemeyi sevmediğini, %97,5'i kamptaki hastalarla birlikte yemek yemeyi sevdiğini ve %87,5'i kamptaki yemeklerin tadını beğendiğini ifade etmiştir.
Sonuç: Kampa katılan hastaların yarısının fazla kilolu/obez olduğu ve hastalardan %22,5'inde yeme bozukluğu olduğu saptanmıştır. Multiple skleroz hasta kamplarının yaygınlaştırılması ve kamp sayısının artırılması ayrıca kamplarda beslenme ile ilgili destek verilmesi multipl skleroz hastalarına olumlu katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multipl Skleroz;
• Kamp;
• Yeme Tutumu;
• Beslenme

EVALUATION OF EATING ATTITUDES IN PATIENTS ATTENDING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENT CAMP

Öz

Aim: The patient camp is an activity that allows MS patients to socialize and reduce their problems related to their diseases. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine how the camping environment affects the eating attitudes that will affect the nutrition of MS patients.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients who attending in the 6th MS patient camp were included. Demographic characteristics and eating behaviour of the patients were questioned with a questionnaire form. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Eating attitudes were evaluated with 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). SPSS 21.0 statistics program was used to analyze the data and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study 22 women (55.0%), 18 men (45.0%) were included. 72.5% of patients were married and 32.5% were working. 50.0% of them were overweight / obesity. The mean age of patients was 1.67 ± 1.21 year. Mean EAT-26 score of the patients attending the camp was 14.65 ± 10.53 and the eating attitude of 77.5% was normal. According to the characteristics of eating, 65.0% of the patients do not like to eat alone, 97.5% of them like to eat together with the patients in the camp and 87.5% of them like the taste of the meals in the camp.
Conclusions: It was determined that half of the patients attending the camp were overweight / obesity and 22.5% of them had an eating disorder. It is thought that holding and increasing the number of camp and providing support in these camps on nutrition, will contribute positively to the multiple sclerosis patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multiple Sclerosis;
• Camp;
• Eating Attitude;
• Nutrition

Kaynakça

1. Ascherio, A., Munger, K.L. (2016). Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: From Risk Factors to Prevention-An Update. Semin Neurol, 36(2), 103-114.
2. Brownlee, W.J., Hardy, T.A., Fazekas, F., Miller, D.H. (2017). Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. Lancet, 389(10076):1336-1346.
3. Calcagno, P., Ruoppolo, G., Grasso, M., De Vincentiis, M., Paolucci, S. (2002). Dysphagia in multiple sclerosis–prevalence and prognostic factors. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 105(1), 40-43.
4. Erguney-Okumus, F.E., Sertel-Berk, H.O. (2020). Yeme Tutum Testi kısa formunun (YTT- 26) Üniversite örnekleminde Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 40(1), 57-78.
5. Fiest, K.M., Walker, J.R., Bernstein, C.N., Graff, L.A., Zarychanski, R., Abou-Setta, A.M. et al. (2016). Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for depression and anxiety in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 5,12-26.
6. Garner, D.M., Garfinkel, P.E. (1979). The eating attitudes test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol. Med, 9(2), 273–279.
7. Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., Bohr, Y., Garfinkel, P.E. (1982). The eating attitudes test:psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol. Med, 12(4), 871-878.
8. Hedström, A.K., Olsson, T., Alfredsson, L. (2012). High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 18(9), 1334-1336.

9. Hind, D., Cotter, J., Thake, A., Bradburn, M., Cooper, C., Isaac, C., et al. (2014). Cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 5.
10. Kara, B., Çelik, A. (2015). The relationship between risk for eating disorder and health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gulhane Med J, 57, 36-40.
11. Karadeniz MS Society. Avaliable from: http://www.karadenizms.com/. 2019.
12. Khurana, S.R., Bamer, A.M., Turner, A.P., Wadhwani, R.V., Bowen, J.D., Leipertz, S.L., et al., (2009). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in veterans with multiple sclerosis. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 88(2), 83-91.
13. Lee, R.D., Nieman, D.C. (2013). Anthropometry. Lee, R.D., Nieman, D.C., editors. Nutritional Assessment (SIXTH ed.): McGraw-Hill Companies, p. 166-220.
14. Marck, C.H., Neate, S.L., Taylor, K.L., Weiland, T.J., Jelinek, G.A. (2016). Prevalence of Comorbidities, Overweight and Obesity in an International Sample of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Associations with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors. PLoS One, 11(2), e0148573.
15. Munger, K.L., Chitnis, T., Ascherio, A. (2009). Body size and risk of MS in two cohorts of US women. Neurology, 73(19), 1543-1550.
16. Munger, K.L., Bentzen, J., Laursen, B., Stenager, E., Koch-Henriksen, N., Sørensen, T.I.A.,et al. (2013). Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: a long-term cohort study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 19(10), 1323-1329.
17. Olsson, T., Barcellos, L.F., Alfredsson, L. (2017). Interactions between genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol, 13(1), 25-36.
18. Poorjavad, M., Derakhshandeh, F., Etemadifar, M., Soleymani, B., Minagar, A., Maghzi, A-H. (2010). Oropharyngeal dysphagia in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 16(3), 362-365.
19. Reich, D.S., Lucchinetti, C.F., Calabresi, P.A. (2018). Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med, 378(2), 169-180.
20. Savaşır, I., Erol, N. (1989). Yeme Tutum Testi: Anoreksiya Nervoza Belirtileri İndeksi. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 19-25.
21. Solaro, C., Rezzani, C., Trabucco, E., Amato, M., Zipoli, V., Portaccio, E., et al. (2013). Prevalence of patient-reported dysphagia in multiple sclerosis patients: an Italian multicenter study (using the DYMUS questionnaire). Journal of the neurological sciences, 331(1-2), 94-97.
22. Stampanoni Bassi, M., Iezzi, E., Buttari, F., Gilio, L., Simonelli, I., Carbone, F., et al. (2019). Obesity worsens central inflammation and disability in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 1352458519853473.
23. Tettey, P., Simpson, S., Taylor, B., Ponsonby, A.L., Lucas, R.M., Dwyer, T., et al. (2017). An adverse lipid profile and increased levels of adiposity significantly predict clinical course after a first demyelinating event. Journal of Neurology. Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 88(5), 395-401.
24. Terzi, M., Kocamanoğlu, B., Güz, H., Onar, M. (2009). The Eating Attitudes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 26(3), 311-317.
25. Wesnes, K., Riise, T., Casetta, I., Drulovic, J., Granieri, E., Holmøy, T., et al. (2015). Body size and the risk of multiple sclerosis in Norway and Italy: the EnvIMS study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 21(4), 388-395.
26. World Health Organization WHO. 2004. Global Database on BMI. Available from: http://www.assessmentpsychology.com/icbmi.htm.