Determining the Effects of Some Essential Oil Against the Larvae of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae)

Öz

Aim: Essential oils from plants can provide environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effects of five different essential oil (Thymus vulgaris, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Hypericum perforatum, Papaver somniferum) against the larvae of Musca domestica.
Method: Three different doses (1%, 3% ve 6%) of the each essential oils were applied to larvae of Musca domestica in five replications. The researches were carried out 70±1.5% humidity and 27±0.5 oC temperature at Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University. Probit analysis program was used to determine lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) in the study.
Results: The study was monitored for twenty days and the results were evaluated on the percent mortality rate. When the 6% dose of all oils were assessed, the highest mortality rate was observed in Piper nigrum (100%), Syzygium aromaticum (100%), Hypericum perforatum (84%), Thymus vulgaris (84%), Papaver somniferum (82%). LC90 values of five oils were determined as 2.06, 1.88, 3.39, 2.92, 3.35 respectively.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Among the five essential oils used in this research, Syzygium aromaticum and Piper nigrum can be used effectively in the control larvae of Musca domestica. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Essential oil;
• Musca domestica;
• Control;
• Toxic effect.

BAZI ESANSİYAL YAĞLARIN MUSCA DOMESTİCA LİNNAEUS, 1758 (DİPTERA: MUSCİDAE) LARVALARINA KARŞI ETKİLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Bitkilerden elde edilen uçucu yağlar, geleneksel sentetik böcek öldürücülere çevre dostu alternatifler sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada beş farklı esansiyel yağın (Thymus vulgaris, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Hypericum perforatum, Papaver somniferum) Musca domestica larvalarına karşı etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Her yağ çeşidinin üç farklı dozu (% 1, % 3 ve % 6) beş tekerrürlü olarak Musca domestica larvalarına uygulanmıştır. Araştırma, 70±1.5% nem ve 27±0.50oC sıcaklıkta Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi hayvan fizyoloji labaratuvarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ölüm konsantrasyonlarının (LC50 ve LC90) belirlenmesi için Probit analiz programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma yirmi gün izlenmiş ve sonuçlar yüzde ölüm oranı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm yağların% 6 dozu değerlendirildiğinde, en yüksek ölüm oranı Piper nigrum (%100), Syzygium aromaticum (%100), Hypericum perforatum (%84), Thymus vulgaris (%84), Papaver somniferum (%82) gözlenlenmiştir. Beş yağda LC90 değerleri ise sırasıyla 2.06, 1.88, 3.39, 2.92, 3.35 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç ve Önerileri: Bu araştırmada kullanılan beş esansiyel yağ arasından Syzygium aromaticum ve Piper nigrum Musca domestica larvalarının mücadelesinde etkin olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Esansiyel yağ
• Ev sineği
• Kontrol

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed, K.M.(2018). The effect of aqueous plant extracts of tobacco on Third larvae of house fly (Musca dmestica L., (Diptera: Muscide). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(3): 403-408.
2. Aydın, Ç., Mammadov. R.(2017). İnsektisit Aktivite Gösteren Bitkisel Sekonder Metabolitler ve Etki Mekanizması. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21: 30-37. Benelli, G.; Pavel, R., Zorzetto, C., Sánchez-Mateo, C.C., Santini, G., Canale, A.; Maggi, F. (2019). Insecticidal activity of the essential oil from Schizogyne sericea (Asteraceae) on four insect pests and two non-target species. Entomologia Generalis, 39 (1): 9-18.
3. Chelav, H.S., Khashaveh, A. (2013). Insecticidal activity of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed oil against cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) in stored cowpea, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46:19, 2314-2322.
4. Chintalchere, J.M., Dar, M.A., Pandit, R. S. (2013).Biocontrol efficacy of bay essential oil against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera:Muscidae). The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 81(6):1-12.
5. Dillmann, J.B., Cossetin, L.F., de Giacometi, M., Oliveira, D., Igor A.F., de Matos, M., ve diğerleri. (2020). Adulticidal Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Essential Oil With High 1,8-Cineole Content Against Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 113(4):1810-1815.
6. Farooq, M., Freed, S. (2016). Infectivity of housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to different entomopathogenic fungi. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 110:1-10.
7. Gitaari, N., Kareru, P., Githua, M. (2019). Formulation of Paint and Detergent with Pelargonium citrosum & Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts as Musca domestica Repellent Agent. Chemical Science International Journal, 26(3): 1-7.
8. Haselton, A.T., Acevedo, A., J. Kuruvilla, Werner, E., Kiernan, J., Dhar, P. (2015). Repellency of a-pinene against the house fly, Musca domestica. Phytochemistry, 117: 469–475.

9. Islam, M. S., Mahbub Hasan, M., Xiong, W., Zhang, S. C.,. Lei, C. L. (2009). Fumigant and repellent activities of essential oil from Coriandrum sativum (L.) (Apiaceae) against red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Pest Science. 82(2):171-177.
10. Khater, H.F., Geden, C. J.(2019). Efficacy and repellency of some essential oils and their blends against larval and adult house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Vector Ecology, 44(2):256-263.
11. Kumar, P., Mishra, S., Malik, A., Satya, S. (2011). Repellent, larvicidal and pupicidal properties of essential oils and their formulations against the housefly, Musca domestica. Med ical Veterian Entomology, 25(3): 302-310.
12. Kumar, P., Mishra, S., Malik, A., Satya, S. (2012). Compositional analysis and insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus (family: Myrtaceae) essential oil against housefly (Musca domestica.Acta Tropica 122: 212– 218.
13. Kumar, P., Mishra, S., Malik, A., Satya, S. (2014). Biocontrol potential of essential oil monoterpenes against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera:Muscidae Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 100: 1–6.
14. Malik, A., Singh, N., Satya, S. (2007). Housefly (Musca domestica): A review of control strategies for a challenging pest. Journal of Environmental Science Health B, 42: 453–469.
15. Mansour, S.A., Bakr, R.F.A., Mohamed, R.I., Hasaneen, N.M. (2011). Larvicidal Activity of Some Botanical Extracts, Commercial Insecticides and their Binary Mixtures Against the Housefly, Musca Domestica L. The Open Toxinology Journal, 4: 1-13.
16. Mansour, S.A., Bakr, R.F.A., Hamouda, L.S., Mohamed, R.I. (2012). Adulticidal activity of some botanical extracts, commercial insecticides and their binary mixtures against the housefly, Musca domestica L. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 5(1): 151-167 . Pavela, R. (2007) Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) on the House Fly (Musca domestica Lin.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 10:5, 346-356.
17. Pavela, R. (2008).Insecticidal Properties of Several Essential Oils on the House Fly (Musca domestica L.). Phytotherapy Research, 22: 274–278.
18. Parchin, R. A., Ebadollahi, A. (2016). Biological activities of Hypericum perforatum L. essential oil against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Entomology, 13: 91-97.
19. Rouis, Z., Abid, N., Koudja, S., Yangui ,T., Elaissi, A., Cioni, P.L., Flamini,G., Aouni, M. (2013). Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect and antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of Hypericum triquetrifolium turra essential oils from Tunisia. Bmc Complement Alternate Medicine,13: 24.
20. Soonwera, M. (2015). Larvicidal and Oviposition deterrent activities of essential oils against house fly (Musca domestica L.; Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 11(3): 657-667.
21. Sukontason, K.L., Boonchu, N., Sukontason, K., Choochote, W. (2004). Effects of eucalyptol on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of the São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, 46; 97– 101.
22. Trongtokit, Y., Rongsriyam,Y., Komalamisra, N., Apiwathnasorn, C. (2005). Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytother Reserch, 2005 Apr;19(4):303-9.
23. Yang, P., Ma, Y., Zheng, S. (2005). Adulticidal Activity of Five Essential Oils against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Journal of Pesticide Science, 30(2): 84–89.
24. Yiğit, Ş., Akça, İ., Bayhan, E., Bayhan, S., Tekin, F., Saruhan, İ. (2019). Determining the Toxicity of Some Thyme Essential Oils Against the Pine Processionary Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Atatürk Üniviversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 50 (3): 226-230,