TİP 2 DİYABETLİ HASTALARDA MORAL VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 307 - 322, 29.08.2023

Tuğba Karan , Seyhan Çıtlık Sarıtaş

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1145567

Öz

Amaç: Tip 2 diyabetli hastaların moral düzeylerini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı olarak, Mart 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Araştırma Türkiye’nin güneyindeki bir devlet hastanesinin dahiliye polikliniğinde takip edilen 183 yetişkin tip 2 diyabet hastası ile tamamlandı. Verilerin toplanmasında Hasta Tanıtım Formu, Philadelphia Geriatri Merkezi Moral Ölçeği kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya dahil edilenlerin çoğu 50-65 yaş aralığında, kadın, evli, ilkokul/ortaokul mezunu, çalışmayan ve gelir durumu orta düzeyde olan hastalardır. Araştırma, çoğu 6 ay-5 yıl arası tip 2 diyabet hastası olan, ailede diyabet öyküsü bulunan, oral antidiyabetik ilaç kullanan, diyabet eğitimi almamış, elde ayakta uyuşma komplikasyonu mevcut hastalardan oluşmaktadır. Hastaların moral ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 7.77±4.26 idi.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Tip 2 diyabetli hastaların moral düzeyleri düşük olarak bulunmuştur. Moral düzeylerini etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tip 2 Diyabet, Moral, Hemşirelik, Sosyodemografik özellikler

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

DETERMINATION OF MORALE AND AFFECTING FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Öz

Aim:To determine the morale levels of patients with type 2 diabetes and the factors affecting them.
Method: The research was conducted descriptively between March 2019 and June 2020. The study was completed with 183 adult type 2 diabetes patients followed in the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a state hospital in the south of Turkey. Patient Description Form and Philadelphia Geriatrics Center Morale Scale were used to collect data.
Results: Most of the patients included in the study were between the ages of 50-65, female, married, primary/secondary school graduates, unemployed, and have a medium income. The studyconsisted of patients, most of whom had type 2 diabetes between 6 months and 5 years, had a family history of diabetes, used oral antidiabetic drugs, did not receive diabetes education, and had numbness in the hand and foot. The mean morale score of the patients was 7.77±4.26.
Conclusions and Suggestions: Morale levels of patients with type 2 diabetes were found to be low. Factors affecting morale levels were determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Morale, Nursing, Sociodemographic characteristics

Kaynakça

• Annani-Akollor, M. E., Addai-Mensah, O., Fondjo, L. A., Sallah, L., Owiredu, E. W., Acheampong, E. &Akamugri, S. (2019).Predominant complications of type 2 diabetes in Kumasi: A 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study at a teaching hospital in Ghana. Medicina, 55(5), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050125
• Asi Karakaş, S. ve Durmaz, H. (2017). Yaşlılık dönemi psikolojik özellikleri ve moral. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 18(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.341681
• Balkhi, B., Alwhaibi, M., Alqahtani, N., Alhawassi, T., Alshammari, T. M., Mahmoud, M., … Kamal, K. M. (2019). Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a crosssectional retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. BMJ Open, 9(7), e029280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029280
• Benito-Leon, J., Louis, E. D. & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2009). Population-based case-control study of morale in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol, 16(3), 330-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02428.x
• Chawla, A., Chawla, R. &Jaggi, S. (2016).Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 20(4), 546-551. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.183480
• Cortez, D. N., Reis, I. A., Souza, D. A. S., Macedo M. M. L. & Torres, H. C. (2015). Complications and the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in primary care. Acta Paul Enferm, 28(3), 250-255.https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201500042
• Çalık, A. ve Kapucu, S. (2017). Diyabetli hastalarda sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını geliştirme: Pender‘in sağlığı geliştirme modeli. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 62-75.
• De Guzman, A. B., Lacson, C. L. M., Labbao, A, I. (2015). A structural equation model of the factors affecting morale of a select group of filipino elderly in a community setting. Educ Gerontol, 41(6), 399-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.974386
• International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. 9th edition. (2019). 8 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiology-research/diabetes-atlas/159-idf-diabetes-atlas-ninth-edition-2019.html adresinden erişildi.
• Iwasa, H., Kawaai, C., Gondo, Y., Inagaki, H. & Suzuki, T. (2006). Subjective well-being as a predictor of all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly people living in an urban Japanese community: a seven-year prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 6(4), 216–222.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2006.00351.x
• Khan, R. M. M., Chua, Z. J. Y., Tan, J. C., Yang, Y., Liao, Z. & Zhao, Y. (2019). From pre-diabetes to diabetes: diagnosis, treatments and translational research. Medicina, 55(9), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090546
• Koike, M., Inagaki, M., Tasaki, K., Matsui, K., Horiguchi, T., Oda, A., & Susanto, T. (2018). Validation of the relationship consciousness of japanese patients with type 2 diabetes scale. Int J Nurs Sci, 6(1), 31-37.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.09.007
• Kudo, H., Izumo, Y., Kodama, H., Watanabe, M., Hatakeyama, R., Fukuoka, Y., … Sasaki, H. (2007). Life satisfaction in older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 7(1), 15-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00362.x
• Lawton, M. P. The philadelphia geriatric center morale scale: A revision. (1975). J Gerontol, 30(1), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/30.1.85
• Loke, S. C., Abdullah, S. S., Chai, S. T., Hamid, T. A. & Yahaya, N. (2011). Assessment of factors influencing morale in the elderly. PLoSOne, 6(1), e16490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016490
• Louis, E. D., Benito-Leon, J. & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2008). Philadelphia geriatric morale scale in essential tremor: a population-based study in three Spanish communities. Mov Disord, 23(10), 1435-1440.https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22124
• Mancini, J. A. & Quinn, W. H. (1981). Dimensions of health and their importance for morale in old age: a multivariate examination. J Commun Health, 7(2), 118–128.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01323230
• Mulder, B. C., Lokhorst, A. M., Rutten, G. E. H. M. &Van Woerkum, C. M. J. (2015). Effective nurse communication with type 2 diabetes patients: A review. West J Nurs Res, 37(8), 1100-1131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945914531077
• Nasman, M., Niklasson, J., Saarela, J., Nygard, M., Olofsson, B., Gustafson, Y. & Nyqvist, F. (2020). Morale in old age and its association with sociodemographic, social, and health-related factors in different age groups. J Aging Res, 2020:3939718. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3939718
• Niklasson, J., Lövheim, H. & Gustafson, Y. (2014). Morale in very old people who have had a stroke. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 58(3), 408–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2013.11.009
• Öz, H. (2006). Miyokart infarktüsü geçiren hastalarda umut, moral ve algılanan sosyal desteğin yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul. 3 Mart 2019 tarihinde https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp.
• Pınar, R. ve Öz, H. (2011). Validity and reliability of the philadelphia geriatric center morale scale among Turkish elderly people. Qual Life Res, 20(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9723-4
• Richter, B., Hemmingsen, B., Metzendorf, M. &Takwoingi, Y. (2018). Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with intermediate hyperglycaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10(10), CD012661. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012661.pub2
• von Heideken Wågert, P., Rönnmark, B., Rosendahl, E., Lundin-Olsson, L., Gustavsson, J.M., Nygren, B., Lundman, B., Norberg, A., & Gustafson, Y. (2005). Morale in the oldest old: the Umeå 85+ study. Age Ageing, 34(3), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi044.
• Wenger, G. C., Davies, R. & Shahtahmasebi, S. (1995). Morale in old age: Refining the model. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 10(11), 933–943. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.930101105
• Wong, E., Woo, J., Hui, E. & Ho, S.C. (2004). Examination of the philadelphia geriatric morale scale as a subjective quality-of-life measure in elderly Hong Kong Chinese. Gerontologist, 44 (3), 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/44.3.408