The Impact of Supply Chain Strategies on Logistics Performance: A Study in the Post Covid-19 Pandemic Period

Öz

Tüm dünya, çalışma koşullarını etkileyen ve dolayısıyla tedarik zincirlerinde belirsizliklere ve aksamalara yol açan bir pandemi geçirdi. Salgın sonrası dönemde (2021-2022) bazı sektörlerin önemli ölçüde yavaşladığı, bazı sektörlerin ise hızla yükselişe geçtiği görülmüştür. Bu dönemde lojistik performansı daha da önem kazanırken uygulanan tedarik zinciri stratejisi de firmalar için önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, Gaziantep sanayi bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren üretim işletmelerinde, tedarik zinciri stratejilerinin lojistik performans üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Covid-19 salgını, tedarik zincirinde aksamalara neden olan tüm sektörlere birçok belirsizliği beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu aksaklıklar, bu çalışmanın bağımsız değişkenleri olarak da değerlendirilen yalın ve çevik tedarik zinciri stratejileri ile kontrol altına alınabilmektedir. Bu iki tedarik zinciri stratejisinden etkilenmesi beklenen lojistik performansı, kalite, esneklik, maliyet ile hız ve güvenilirlik gibi dört boyutta ele alınmıştır. Anket yöntemiyle154 işletmeden veri toplanarak analiz yapılmıştır. Analizin sonuçları, çevik tedarik zinciri stratejisinin tüm lojistik performans boyutları (kalite, esneklik, maliyet ile hız ve güvenilirlik) üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak yalın tedarik zinciri stratejisi bu boyutların hiçbirine etki etmemiştir. Böylelikle, Covid-19 salgını sonrası gibi tedarik zinciri aksamaları ve belirsizliklerin yoğun olduğu dönemlerde daha yüksek lojistik performansı elde etmek için üretici firmaların yalın tedarik zinciri stratejisi yerine, çevresel değişimlere daha hızlı yanıt verme amacı olan çevik tedarik zinciri stratejisini benimsemeleri gerektiği önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• Tedarik zinciri stratejileri
• Yalın tedarik zinciri
• Çevik tedarik zinciri
• Lojistik performans.

The Impact of Supply Chain Strategies on Logistics Performance: A Study in the Post Covid-19 Pandemic Period

Öz

The whole world passed a pandemic that affected working conditions and so lead to uncertainities and disruptions in supply chains. Nowadays during the post pandemic period (2021-2022), some industries slowed down significantly, while some sectors moved up. In this period, logistics performance gains more importance and the implemented supply chain strategy plays a significant role for companies. Therefore, the study's objective is to determine the impact of supply chain strategies on logistics performance in production companies operating in Gaziantep industrial zone. The covid-19 pandemic brought a lot of uncertainties to all industries which caused supply chain disruptions. These disruptions could be controlled with lean supply chain (LSC) and agile supply chain (ASC) strategies which are also considered as independent variables of this study. Logistics performances that are expected to be affected by these two supply chain strategies are considered in four dimensions such as quality, flexibility, cost, and speed and reliability. Data were collected from 154 businesses by surveys and analyzes were made. The results of the analysis showed that an ASC strategy affects all logistics performance dimensions (quality, flexibility, cost, and speed and reliability). But the LSC strategy did not affect any of these dimensions. It has been concluded that manufacturers should adopt an ASC strategy, which aims to respond more quickly to environmental changes, instead of a LSC strategy, in order to achieve higher logistics performance during periods of intense supply chain disruptions and uncertainties, such as after the post Covid-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• Supply chain strategies
• Agile supply chain
• Lean supply chain
• Logistics performance.

Kaynakça

1. Acar Güvendir, M. & Özer Özkan, Y. (2022). Item removal strategies conducted in exploratory factor analysis: A comparative study. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9 (1), 165-180. DOI: 10.21449/ijate.827950
2. Agus, A. & Hajinoor, M. (2012). Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29(1): 92-121.
3. Akben, İ. & Güngör, A. (2018). Tedarik zinciri ve yalın tedarik zinciri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(7): 1-12.
4. Aksu, G., Eser, M.T. & Güzeller, C.O. (2017). Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulamaları. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara
5. Al-Tit, A. (2016). The impact of lean supply chain on productivity of Saudi manufacturing firms in Al-Qassim region. Poliash Journal of Management Studies, 14(1): 18-26.
6. Bayraktutan, Y. & Özbilgin, M. (2015). Lojistik maliyetler ve lojistik performans ölçütleri. Maliye Araştirmalari Dergisi, 1(2): 95–11.
7. Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamaları, Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa.
8. Boomsma A. (1982). Robustness of LISREL against small sample sizes in factor analysis models. In: Joreskog KG, Wold H, editors. Systems under indirection observation: Causality, structure, prediction (Part I) Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland; 1982. pp. 149–173.

9. Boomsma A. (1984). Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in LISREL maximum likelihood estimation. Psychometrika. 1985: 50:229–242.
10. Cetindas, A. & Celik, M. (2017). İmalat işletmelerinin tedarikçi entegrasyonları ile lojistik performansları arasındaki ilişki üzerine çevresel belirsizliğin düzenleyici rolü. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(7).
11. Chavez, R., Gimenez, C., Fynes, B., Wiengarten, F. & Yu, W. (2013). Internal lean practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(5): 562-588.
12. Chow, D., Heaver, T. & Henriksson, L. (1994). Logistics performance: Definition and measurement. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 24(1): 17–28.
13. Domingo, R. T. (2003). Identifying and eliminating the seven wastes or muda. Business Management Articles Manufacturing Management of Asian Institute of Management,1-4.
14. Drohomeretski, E., Costa, S. & Lima, E. (2014). Green supply chain management: drivers, barriers and practices within the brazilian automotive industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 25(8).
15. Erol, E. (2019). Politik taktikler ölçeği – Üniversite / Fakülte versiyonunun geliştirilmesi. Turkish Studies, 14(3): 531-563.
16. Fisher, M. L. (1997). What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Review, 75(2): 105–116.
17. Garvin, D.A. (1992), Operations strategy, Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
18. Ghosh, M., (2013). lean manufacturing performance in indian manufacturing plants. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 24(1): 113-122.
19. Hallgren, M. & Olhager, J. (2009). Lean and agile manufacturing: External and internal drivers and performance outcomes. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 29(10): 976-999.
20. Karabag, S. F., Lau, M. C. & Suvankulov, F. (2013). Determinants of firm competitiveness: A case of the turkish textile and apparel industry. The Journal of the Textile Insititute, 105(1), 1-11
21. Karabag, S.F. (2020). An unprecedented global crisis! The global, regional, national, political, economic and commercial impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research JAEBR, 10(1): 1-6
22. Kautish, P. & Sharma, R. (2019). Value orientation, green attitude and green behavioral intentions: An empirical investigation among young consumers. Young Consumers 20(4): 338-358.
23. Kotler, P. (1991). Silent satisfaction. Marketing Business: 24-5.
24. Martinez-Sanchez, A. & Lahoz-Leo, F. (2018). Supply chain agility: A mediator for absorptive capacity. Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 264-278.
25. McCarthy, E.J. (1981). Basic marketing: A managerial approach, irwin, homewood, USA.
26. Mehralian, G., Rasekh, H.R., Akhavan, P. & Ghatari, A.R. (2013). Developing a model for an agile supply chain in pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Information Management 33(1): 74-91.
27. Mentzer, J. T., Dewitt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D. & Zacharia, Z. G. (2001). Defining supply chain management. International Journal of Business 22(2): 155-170.
28. Meydan, H. & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi amos uygulamaları. Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara.
29. Nagel, R. N. (1991). 21st century manufacturing enterprise strategy. Diane Publishing, USA.
30. Naylor, J.B., Naim, M.M. & Berry, D. (1999). Leagility: Integrating the lean and agile manufacturing paradigms in the total supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics 62: 107-118.
31. Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New York, NY.
32. Pacheco, D. A. de J., Dos Reis, C. E. & Jung, C. F. (2019). Agile manufacturing strategy for outsourced footwear production. Innovar 30(75): 99–117.
33. Qi, Y., Zhao, X. & Sheu, C. (2011). The impact of competitive strategy and supply chain strategy on business performance: The role of environmental uncertainty. Decision Sciences Journal 42(2): 371-389.
34. Roh, J., Hong, P. & Min, H. (2014). Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics 147(PART B): 200–210.
35. Sharifi, H. & Zhang, Z. (2001). Agile manufacturing in practice: Application of a methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 21 (5/6): 772-94.
36. Singh, S. & Pandey, S. (2015). Lean supply chain: A state of the art literature review. Journal of Supply Chain Management Systems 4(3): 33-46.
37. Swink, M., Narasimhan, R. & Kim, S.W. (2005). Manufacturing practices and strategy integration: effects on cost efficiency, flexibility, and market-based performance. Decision Sciences 36(3): 427-457.
38. Vázquez-Bustelo, D., Avella, L. & Fernández, E. (2007). Agility drivers, enablers and outcomes: Empirical test of an integrated agile manufacturing model. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 27(12): 1303–1332.
39. Wee, H. M. & Simon, S. (2009). Lean supply chain and its effect on product cost and quality: A case study on ford motor company. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 14(5): 335–341.
40. Yazgan, H.İ. (2017). Tedarik zinciri ve bilgi sistemleri stratejilerinin tedarik zinciri performansına etkisi: İhracat yapan işletmeler üzerine bir araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bolu.
41. Yeung, A.C.L. (2006). The impact of third-party logistics performance on the logistics and export performance of users: An empirical study. Maritime Economics & Logistics 8: 121–139.
42. Yıldız, B. & Sayın, B. (2020). Yalın üretim uygulamalarının sürdürülebilirlik performansı üzerindeki etkisi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9(1): 113-122.
43. Yusuf, Y.Y. & Adeleye, E.O. (2002). A comparative study of lean and agile manufacturing with a related survey of current practices in the UK. International Journal of Production Research 40(17): 4545-62.