Temiz Enerjiye Sahip Ülkelerde Kamu Enerji Harcamalarının ve Enerji Vergilerinin Düşük Karbonlu Enerji Tüketimine Etkisi

Öz

Küresel çevre sorunları son yıllarda artmış ve acil eylem gerektiren bir sorun hâline gelmiştir. Enerji sektörü, üretilen kirliliğin büyük kısmında sorumludur. Buna karşın düşük karbonlu enerji çözümleri yoluyla bu zorlukları hafifletmenin anahtarını elinde tutmaktadır. Yenilenebilir ve nükleer enerji gibi düşük karbon salınımına sahip enerji kaynaklarına geçişin önemi son yıllarda ivme kazandı. Enerji vergileri ve enerjiye ilişkin araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları, düşük karbonlu enerji tüketiminin şekillendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Hükümetler, karbon yoğun yakıtlara vergi uygulayarak ve temiz enerji teknolojilerine yatırımları teşvik ederek düşük karbonlu enerjinin benimsenmesini etkileyebilir. Ayrıca, araştırma ve geliştirmeye yönelik kamu harcamaları, enerji sektöründe yenilikçiliği ve teknolojik ilerlemeleri kolaylaştırmakta, böylece düşük karbonlu enerji çözümlerinin uygulanabilirliğini ve rekabet gücünü artırmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışma, 1994'ten 2021'e kadar en yüksek temiz enerji kullanımına sahip 10 ülkede kamu enerji harcamalarının ve enerji vergilerinin düşük karbonlu enerjiye etkisini DCCE ve CCE uzun vadeli tahmincileriyle araştırmaktadır. Sonuçlara göre Finlandiya'da enerji vergileri ve enerji harcamaları düşük karbonlu enerji tüketimini teşvik etmektedir. Norveç ve İsviçre'de devlet enerji harcamaları ve Avusturya'da enerji vergileri düşük karbonlu enerji tüketimini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu bulgular, hükümetlerin düşük karbonlu enerji teknolojilerine yatırımı etkili bir şekilde teşvik eden, küresel ölçekte sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu enerji geçişlerini sağlayan kapsamlı politikalar uygulama ihtiyacının altını çiziyor. Gelecek nesillere daha yeşil bir gelecek sağlamak için hükümetlerin ve özel sektörlerin ortak çabaları çok önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çevre vergisi
• R&D harcaması
• yenilenebilir enerji
• nükleer enerji
• DCCE

The İmpact of Public Energy Expenditures and Energy Taxes on Low-Carbon Energy Consumption in Countries with Clean Energy

Öz

Global environmental problems have increased in recent years and have become a problem requiring urgent action. The energy sector is responsible for most of the pollution produced. However, it holds the key to mitigating these challenges through low-carbon energy solutions. The importance of transitioning to energy sources with low carbon emissions, such as renewable and nuclear energy, has gained momentum in recent years. Energy taxes and energy-related research and development (R&D) spending can play an important role in shaping low-carbon energy consumption. Governments can influence the adoption of low-carbon energy by taxing carbon-intensive fuels and encouraging investments in clean energy technologies. Additionally, public spending on R&D facilitates innovation and technological advances in the energy sector, thereby increasing the viability and competitiveness of low-carbon energy solutions. From this point of view, this study investigates the impact of public energy expenditures and energy taxes on low-carbon energy in the 10 nations with the highest clean energy use from 1994 to 2021 with DCCE and CCE estimators. According to the results, energy taxes and energy expenditures encourage low-carbon energy consumption in Finland. Government energy expenditures in Norway and Switzerland and energy taxes in Austria negatively affect low-carbon energy consumption. These findings underscore the need for governments to implement comprehensive policies that effectively encourage investment in low-carbon energy technologies, enabling sustainable and environmentally friendly energy transitions on a global scale. Joint efforts of governments and private sectors are crucial to ensure a greener future for future generations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• environmental tax
• R&D spending
• renewable energy
• nuclear energy
• DCCE

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