Havayolu Taşımacılığında Liberalizasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasında Nedensellik İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Yıl 2019,
, 1160 - 1174, 02.07.2019
Pinar Gümüş Akar
,
Müge Manga
,
Harun Bal
Kaynakça
- Bal, H., Manga, M., Gümüş Akar, P. (2017). Havacılık sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme: Türkiye örneği. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl, 5, 353-366.
- Baltaci, N., Sekmen, O., & Akbulut, G. (2015). The relationship between air transport and economic growth in turkey: Cross-regional panel data analysis approach. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 89.
- Boileau, D., Vesselovsky, M. (2013). The Link Between Air Services Liberalization and Canadian Trade. Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. https://www.international.gc.ca/economist-economiste/analysis-analyse/studies-etudes/ASA _study-etude-ASA.aspx?lang=eng
- Booz Allen Hamilton Ltd. (2007). The Economic Impacts of an Open Aviation Area Between the EU and the US. Ref: TREN/05/MD/S07.52650.
- Button, K., & Taylor, S. (2000). International air transportation and economic development. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), 209-222.
- Button, K., Neiva, R., & Yuan, J. (2014). Economic development and the impact of the EU–,US Transatlantic Open Skies Air Transport Agreement. Applied Economics Letters, 21(11), 767-770.
- Cristea, A., Hillberry, R., & Mattoo, A. (2015). Open skies over the Middle East. The World Bank The World Economy, 38(11), 1650-1681.
- Çetin, T., & Eryiğit, K. Y. (2015). Estimating the economic effects of deregulation: Evidence from the Turkish airline industry. Koç University-TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series.
- Doganis, R. (2002). Flying off course: The economics of international airlines. Third Edition. Routledge.
- Doganis, R. (2006). The airline business. Second Edition. Routledge.
- DPT (Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı), 2007. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı 9. Kalkınma Planı Havayolu Ulaşımı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. http://www.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonu-raporlari/
- Efron, B., (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife, The Annals of Statistics, 7, 1-26.
- Geloso Grosso, M. (2008). Liberalizing Air Passenger Services in APEC. Working Paper, Groupe d’Économie Mondiale, University of Sciences Politiques.
- Geloso Grosso, M. (2012). Air passenger transport in the APEC: Regulatory impacts and prospects for Asia Pacific integration. Journal of Economic Integration, 312-327.
- Grosso, M. G., & Shepherd, B. (2011). Air cargo transport in APEC: Regulation and effects on merchandise trade. Journal of Asian economics, 22(3), 203-212.
- Gerede, E., (2015). Havayolu Taşımacılığı ve Ekonomik Düzenlemeler Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları. Ankara
- Gillen, D., Harris, R., & Oum, T. H. (2002). Measuring the economic effects of bilateral liberalization air transport. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 38(3-4), 155-174.
- Gillen, D., & Hinsch, H. (2001). Measuring the economic impact of liberalization of international aviation on Hamburg airport. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(1), 25-34.
- Grančay, M. (2010). The economic impacts of air transport liberalization. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 13(2), 73-88.
- Gudmundsson, S. V. (2011). Liberalization of air transport. International Handbook of Network Industries: The Liberalization of Infrastructure, 234.
- Hacker R.S. ve Hatemi-J A, (2006), Tests for causality between integrated variables using asymptotic and bootstrap distributions: theory and application. Appl Econ 38(13):1489–1500
- InterVISTAS-ga (2006). The Economic Impact of Air Service Liberalization. InterVISTAS Consulting Inc.
- Ismaila, D. A., Warnock-Smith, D., & Hubbard, N. (2014). The impact of air service agreement liberalisation: the case of Nigeria. Journal of Air Transport Management, 37, 69-75.
- Kasarda, J. D., & Green, J. D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(6), 459-462.
- Kibritçi Artar, O., Uca, N., Taşçı, M. E. (2016). The impact of the airline freight transportation on GDP in Turkey. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, Vol. 2, Num. 2, 2016, 143-148.
- Kiracı, K. (2017). Havayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 197-216.
- Korul, V., & Kucukonal, H. (2003). Türk Sivil Havacilik Sisteminin Yapisal Analizi. Ege Academic Review, 3(1), 24-38.
- Odoni, A. (2009). The international institutional and regulatory environment. In The Global Airline Industry, Wiley. 19-46.
- Piermartini, R., & Rousová, L. (2008). Liberalization of air transport services and passenger traffic. WTO, Staff Working Paper ERSD-2008-06.
- Seçilmiş, N., & Korap, L. (2017). A new look at the relationship between aviation demand and economic growth: structural model estımatıon for the case of Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(49).
- SHGM (2016). Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Faaliyet Raporu 2015 Yılı.
- SHGM (2018). Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Faaliyet Raporu 2017 Yılı.
- Surovitskikh, S., & Lubbe, B. (2015). The Air Liberalisation Index as a tool in measuring the impact of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 159-166.
- Toda, Hiro Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995), “Statistical Inferencein Vector Autoregression with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Türker, G. (2015). Hava Ulaştırma Anlaşmalarının Uluslararası Hava Ulaşımının Liberalleşmesine Katkısı ve Türkiye Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Türk Hava Kurumu Üniversitesi. Ankara.
- WTO Secretariat, (2006). Second review of the air transport annex, developments in the air transport sector (part two), Quantitative Air Services Agreements review (QUASAR). Volume I and II, document S/C/W/270/Add, 1.
The Causal Relationship Between Air Transportation Liberalization and Economic Growth: The Case Of Turkey
Yıl 2019,
, 1160 - 1174, 02.07.2019
Pinar Gümüş Akar
,
Müge Manga
,
Harun Bal
Öz
Çalışmada, hava ulaştırma anlaşmaları ve ilgili
düzenlemeler ile tesis edilen destinasyon, tayin, kapasite, sıklık ve tarife
ayarlamaları ile ilgili kısıtlamaların aşamalı olarak kaldırılması sürecini
ifade eden havayolu taşımacılığında liberalizasyon sürecinin, Türkiye’de
ekonomik büyüme ile ilişkisinin nedensellik açısından analiz edilmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye için öncelikle WTO-ALI metodolojisi
doğrultusunda 1980-2015 dönemi yıllık bazda Havacılık Liberalizasyon İndeksi
hesaplanmıştır. Havacılık Liberalizasyon
İndeksi ile kişi başına GSYİH arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Hacker ve
Hatemi-J (2006) tarafından geliştirilen Kaldıraçlı (Leveraged) bootstrap
yaklaşımına dayalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları hesaplanan
havacılık liberalizasyon indeksinden ekonomik büyümeye doğru 2005, 2008 ve 2012
yıllarında nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Bal, H., Manga, M., Gümüş Akar, P. (2017). Havacılık sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme: Türkiye örneği. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl, 5, 353-366.
- Baltaci, N., Sekmen, O., & Akbulut, G. (2015). The relationship between air transport and economic growth in turkey: Cross-regional panel data analysis approach. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 89.
- Boileau, D., Vesselovsky, M. (2013). The Link Between Air Services Liberalization and Canadian Trade. Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. https://www.international.gc.ca/economist-economiste/analysis-analyse/studies-etudes/ASA _study-etude-ASA.aspx?lang=eng
- Booz Allen Hamilton Ltd. (2007). The Economic Impacts of an Open Aviation Area Between the EU and the US. Ref: TREN/05/MD/S07.52650.
- Button, K., & Taylor, S. (2000). International air transportation and economic development. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), 209-222.
- Button, K., Neiva, R., & Yuan, J. (2014). Economic development and the impact of the EU–,US Transatlantic Open Skies Air Transport Agreement. Applied Economics Letters, 21(11), 767-770.
- Cristea, A., Hillberry, R., & Mattoo, A. (2015). Open skies over the Middle East. The World Bank The World Economy, 38(11), 1650-1681.
- Çetin, T., & Eryiğit, K. Y. (2015). Estimating the economic effects of deregulation: Evidence from the Turkish airline industry. Koç University-TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series.
- Doganis, R. (2002). Flying off course: The economics of international airlines. Third Edition. Routledge.
- Doganis, R. (2006). The airline business. Second Edition. Routledge.
- DPT (Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı), 2007. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı 9. Kalkınma Planı Havayolu Ulaşımı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. http://www.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonu-raporlari/
- Efron, B., (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife, The Annals of Statistics, 7, 1-26.
- Geloso Grosso, M. (2008). Liberalizing Air Passenger Services in APEC. Working Paper, Groupe d’Économie Mondiale, University of Sciences Politiques.
- Geloso Grosso, M. (2012). Air passenger transport in the APEC: Regulatory impacts and prospects for Asia Pacific integration. Journal of Economic Integration, 312-327.
- Grosso, M. G., & Shepherd, B. (2011). Air cargo transport in APEC: Regulation and effects on merchandise trade. Journal of Asian economics, 22(3), 203-212.
- Gerede, E., (2015). Havayolu Taşımacılığı ve Ekonomik Düzenlemeler Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları. Ankara
- Gillen, D., Harris, R., & Oum, T. H. (2002). Measuring the economic effects of bilateral liberalization air transport. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 38(3-4), 155-174.
- Gillen, D., & Hinsch, H. (2001). Measuring the economic impact of liberalization of international aviation on Hamburg airport. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(1), 25-34.
- Grančay, M. (2010). The economic impacts of air transport liberalization. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 13(2), 73-88.
- Gudmundsson, S. V. (2011). Liberalization of air transport. International Handbook of Network Industries: The Liberalization of Infrastructure, 234.
- Hacker R.S. ve Hatemi-J A, (2006), Tests for causality between integrated variables using asymptotic and bootstrap distributions: theory and application. Appl Econ 38(13):1489–1500
- InterVISTAS-ga (2006). The Economic Impact of Air Service Liberalization. InterVISTAS Consulting Inc.
- Ismaila, D. A., Warnock-Smith, D., & Hubbard, N. (2014). The impact of air service agreement liberalisation: the case of Nigeria. Journal of Air Transport Management, 37, 69-75.
- Kasarda, J. D., & Green, J. D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(6), 459-462.
- Kibritçi Artar, O., Uca, N., Taşçı, M. E. (2016). The impact of the airline freight transportation on GDP in Turkey. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, Vol. 2, Num. 2, 2016, 143-148.
- Kiracı, K. (2017). Havayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 197-216.
- Korul, V., & Kucukonal, H. (2003). Türk Sivil Havacilik Sisteminin Yapisal Analizi. Ege Academic Review, 3(1), 24-38.
- Odoni, A. (2009). The international institutional and regulatory environment. In The Global Airline Industry, Wiley. 19-46.
- Piermartini, R., & Rousová, L. (2008). Liberalization of air transport services and passenger traffic. WTO, Staff Working Paper ERSD-2008-06.
- Seçilmiş, N., & Korap, L. (2017). A new look at the relationship between aviation demand and economic growth: structural model estımatıon for the case of Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(49).
- SHGM (2016). Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Faaliyet Raporu 2015 Yılı.
- SHGM (2018). Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Faaliyet Raporu 2017 Yılı.
- Surovitskikh, S., & Lubbe, B. (2015). The Air Liberalisation Index as a tool in measuring the impact of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 159-166.
- Toda, Hiro Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995), “Statistical Inferencein Vector Autoregression with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Türker, G. (2015). Hava Ulaştırma Anlaşmalarının Uluslararası Hava Ulaşımının Liberalleşmesine Katkısı ve Türkiye Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Türk Hava Kurumu Üniversitesi. Ankara.
- WTO Secretariat, (2006). Second review of the air transport annex, developments in the air transport sector (part two), Quantitative Air Services Agreements review (QUASAR). Volume I and II, document S/C/W/270/Add, 1.