Jane Eyre, Uğultulu Tepeler ve Büyük Umutlar’da Siyasal Bilinçdışı

Öz

Bu çalışma Marksist ve kolonyal dönem sonrası teorileri birleştirerek üç Viktoryen romanı, Charlotte Brontë’nin Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’nin Uğultulu Tepeler (1847) ve Charles Dickens’ın Büyük Umutlar’ını (1861) incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Viktoryen dönemde yazılmış bazı romanlar emperyalizm ve sömürüleni açık bir şekilde ele alsa da bu üç romanda sömürgeler ve sömürülen direk olarak ele alınmaz ve sanki geçiştirilir. Ancak bu geçiştirmeler çok önemlidir çünkü bunlar, bu metinlerde kritik bir anlam taşıyan ve sürekli olarak tekrarlayan suskunlukları, boşlukları ve eksikleri teşkil etmektedirler. Marksist bağlamda, bu metinlerin boşluk ve suskunluklarında beliren şey tarihtir, yani bu Viktoryen romanlar ister istemez Britanya’nın emperyalist tarihiyle ve onun ideolojileriyle ilintilidir. Bu metinlerin marjinlerinde veya boşluklarında sürekli olarak ele alınan konular, metinler bunu bastırmaya çalışsa da kolonyal bastırılanın geri dönüşünü göstermektedir. Fredric Jameson’un siyasal bilinçdışı kavramına odaklanarak bu metinlerdeki boşluk ve suskunluklarda ortaya çıkan kolonyal bastırılanı inceleyen bu çalışma, bahsedilen romanların ikili bir işlevi olduğunu öne sürmektedir: bir yandan Viktoryen toplumun yerleşmiş kaygı, korku ve arzularını beyaz olmayan öteki üstünden anlatırken bu eserler belirli bir sömürülen öteki ve aynı zamanda belirli bir millî kimlik algısı oluşturmaktadırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siyasal Bilinçdışı,Sömürgecilik,Emperyalizm,Jane Eyre,Uğultulu Tepeler,Büyük Umutlar

The Political Unconscious in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Great Expectations

Öz

This paper aims to explore three Victorian novels, namely Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847), and Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1861) bringing together Marxist and postcolonial theories. While some novels written in the Victorian era deal with imperialism and the colonized overtly, in these three novels, the colonies and the colonized are dealt with indirectly as if only in-passing. However, these in-passing references are very significant because they constitute the recurrent silences, gaps, and absences in these texts, which has critical implications. In Marxist terms, it is history that haunts these texts in these gaps and silences, which means that these Victorian novels are inevitably related to Britain’s imperial history and its ideologies. What is given repeatedly at the margins or gaps of these texts demonstrates the obsessive return of the issue of colonialism though the texts seek to repress it. Exploring the return of the colonial repressed in the gaps and silences of these novels by focusing on Fredric Jameson’s conception of the political unconscious, this paper argues that these novels have twofold function: while expressing the deep-seated anxieties, fears and desires of the Victorian society by projecting them onto the non-white others, they contribute to shape a certain understanding of the colonized other and also a certain sense of national identity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The political unconscious,colonialism,imperialism,Jane Eyre,Wuthering Heights,Great Expectations

Kaynakça

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