Teknolojik Gelişme ve Temiz Enerji Çevresel Farkındalığı Etkiler mi?: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz

Öz

Teknolojik gelişme, çevre açısından hem avantajlı hem de dezavantajlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Teknolojik gelişmenin en önemli etkilerden biri ise temiz enerji bilincidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de alternatif ve nükleer enerji ile patent uygulamalarının çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Buna ek olarak, kişi başına düşen reel GSYİH'nın karbon emisyonu üzerindeki doğrusal etkilerinin yanı sıra, parabolik ilişkiler de 1990-2014 dönemi için test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla ARDL sınır testi uygulanarak değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi araştırılmakta ve VECM Granger nedensellik analizi kullanılarak nedensellik bağı incelenmektedir. ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımından elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar, teknolojik gelişmenin karbon emisyonu ile pozitif ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak, temiz enerjinin karbon emisyonları ile negatif bir ilişkisi vardır. Yani, temiz enerjinin uzun vadede kişi başına düşen karbon emisyonlarındaki etkisi teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisinden daha fazladır. Öte yandan, teknolojik gelişme ve temiz enerji negatif (sırasıyla -0.114 ve -0.190) ve kısa vadede karbon emisyonu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak % 1 güven düzeyinde anlamlılığa sahiptir. Ayrıca, kısa ve uzun dönem sonuçlarına göre Türkiye'de EKC eğrisinin ampirik varlığı, elde edilen 11.998 (sabit 2010 ABD Doları) olan gelir dönüm noktası ile desteklenmektedir. VECM Granger nedensellik analizi, teknolojik gelişmeden karbon emisyonuna ve kişi başına reel GSYİH'ya kısa dönemde tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun dönemde ise karbon emisyonu başına reel GSYİH'ye, teknolojik gelişmeye ve temiz enerjiye neden olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Teknolojik Gelişme
• Temiz Enerji
• ARDL Sınır Testi

Do Technological Development And Clean Energy Effect Environmental Awareness?: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey

Öz

Technological development has both advantages effect and disadvantages effect in terms of environmental. The most important effect is on clean energy awareness. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of alternative and nuclear energy and patent applications on pollution in Turkey. In addition, as well as the linear effects of real GDP per capita on carbon emissions, considering the parabolic relations is also tested for the period from 1990-2014. For this purpose, we investigate cointegration by applying ARDL bounds test on parameters and examine the causal link between the series by using Vector Error Correction Model Granger causality analysis. ARDL test empirical results express that technological development is correlated with carbon emissions positively. However, clean energy has a negative relation with carbon emissions. That is, clean energy is more effective than technological development on carbon emissions per capita in long term. On the other hand, technological development and clean energy have negative (-0.114 and -0.190 respectively)and statistically significant impact on carbon emissions in short term. Moreover, the long and short run results supported the empirical presences of EKC curve in Turkey with income turning point at 11.998 (constant 2010 US$), which has been attained. In addition, VECM Granger causality analysis expresses that there is a one-way causality running from technological development to carbon emissions and real GDP per capita in short term. Furthermore, carbon emissions cause real GDP per capita, technological development and clean energy in the long run.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Technological Development
• Clean Energy
• ARDL Bounds Test

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