Materyalizm ve Tüketici Uzmanlığının Reklamlara Yönelik Tutumlara Etkisi: Alt Gelir Grubu Tüketiciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2020,
, 1480 - 1496, 30.10.2020
Esra Güven
,
Aysun Kahraman
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı materyalizm ve tüketici uzmanlığının reklamlara yönelik tutum üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Keşfedici bir amaçla tasarlanan bu araştırma bir araştırma modelinin test edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Veriler Türkiye’nin Ege Bölgesi’nde yaşayan alt gelir grubu mensubu 829 kişiden yüz yüze anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama işlemi 5 Mart 2019 ve 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma modelinin testi için LISREL 9.30 programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, materyalizm ve reklamlara yönelik tutum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Materyalizm reklamlara yönelik tutumu pozitif yönde etkilerken, reklamlara yönelik tutum materyalizmi negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, müşteri uzmanlığının reklamlara yönelik tutum üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif yönde bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, tüketici uzmanlığı, materyalizm ve reklama karşı tutum bağlamında literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarının ayrıca bir pazar bölümü olarak sıkça gözden kaçırılan alt gelir grubu tüketicilere yönelik reklam kampanyalarının yönetiminde uygulayıcılara faydalı olması beklenmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, M. E., Khan, M. M., and Samad, N. (2016). Income, Social Class and Consumer Behaviour: A Focus on Developing Nations. Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(10), 6679-6702.
- Ahuvia, Aaron C. and Nancy Y. Wong. (2002). Personality and Values Based Materialism: Their Relationship and Origins. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(4), 389–402.
- Akee, R., Copeland, W., Costello, E. J. and Simeonova, E. (2018) How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors? American Economic Review, 108(3), 775–827.
- Alba, J. W. and Hutchinson, W. (1987) Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research 13(4), 411-454.
- Aydın, K. (2012). Türkiye’de Kişisel Gelir Dağılımının Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Belirleyicileri, Çalışma ve Toplum, 1, 147-166.
- Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 265-280.
- Bozoğlu, M.; Huang, C.L., Florkowski, W.J., Kılıç Topuz, B. ve Eroğlu, N. A. (2014). Tüketicilerin Gıda Güvenliği Farkındalıkları ve Gıda Güvenliği Sertifikalı Süt ve Ürünlerini Satın Alma Niyetleri, XI. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi 3-5 Eylül, Samsun.
- Budiner Mette, F. M., de Matos, C. A.; Rohden, S. F. ve Ponchio, M. C. (2019). Explanatory mechanisms of the decision to buy on credit: The role of materialism, impulsivity and financial knowledge. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 21(March), 15-21
- Carsana, L. and Jolibert, A. (2017). The effects of expertise and brand schematicity on the perceived importance of choice criteria: a Bordeaux wine investigation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(1), 80-90.
- Castner, L. and Mabli, J. (2010). Low-Income Household Spending Patterns and Measures of Poverty, Washington: Mathematica Policy Research.
- Chang, H. H., Wong, K. H. and Chu, T. W. (2018). Online advertorial attributions on consumer responses: materialism as a moderator, Online Information Review, 42(5), 697-717.
- Chen, J. (2002). Chinese Identification, Acculturation and Conspicuous Consumption in a Multicultural Society: A Theoretical Framework and Emprical Evidence, Phd. Dissertation, UMI, The University of Guelph.
- Cheung, C. M., Xiao, B. and Liu, I. L. (2012). The impact of observational learning and electronic word of mouth on consumer purchase decisions: The moderating role of consumer expertise and consumer involvement. 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (3228-3237).
- Chung, E. and Fischer, E. (2001). When Conspicuous Consumption Becomes Inconspicious: The Case of the Migrant Hong Kong Consumers. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(6), 474-487.
- Clow, K. E. and Back, D. (2017). Integrated Advertising, Promotion and Marketing Communication, 8th Edition, London:Pearson Inc.
- Çınar, R. ve Çubukçu, İ. (2009). Tüketim Toplumunun Şekillenmesi ve Tüketici Davranışları Karşılaştırmalı Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 277-300.
- Demir, H. (2014). Tüketim Kültürü ve İdeoloji Bağlamında Yazılı Basın Metinlerinde Kimlik, Statü, Arzu, Haz ve Tatminin Üretimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Duhan, D. F., Rinaldo, S. B., Velikova, N., Dodd, T. and Trela, B. (2019). Hospitality situations, consumer expertise, and perceptions of wine attributes: three empirical studies. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 31(1), 68-88.
- Durmuş, İ. (2016). TV Reklamlarının Tüketicilerin Tutum ve Motivasyonları Üzerindeki Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 28-40.
- Engelbertink, A. and Van Hullebusch, S. (2013). The effects of education and income on consumers’ motivation to read online hotel reviews. Research in Hospitality Management, 2(1-2), 57-61.
- Espinola, A. and Badrinarayanan, V. (2010). Consumer expertise, sacralization, and event attendance: a conceptual framework. Marketing Management Journal, 20(1), 145-164.
Eze, U. C. and Lee, C. H. (2012). Consumers’ attitude towards advertising. International journal of business and management, 7(13), 94.
- Garðarsdóttir R. B. and Dittmar, H. (2012). The relationship of materialism to debt and financial well-being: The case of Iceland’s perceived prosperity, Journal of Economic Psychology 33, 471–481.
- Goldsmith, R. E. and Clark, R. A. (2012). Materialism, Status Consumption, and Consumer Independence, The Journal of Social Psychology, 152:1, 43-60.
- Güllülü, U. Ünal, S. ve Bilgili, B. (2010). Kendini Gösterim ve Kişilerarası Etkileşimin Gösterişçi Tüketim Üzerindeki Etkilerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 105-139.
- Hirsch, D (2013) Paying for children: The state’s changing role and income adequacy. Journal of Social Policy, 42, 495–512.
- Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- Huang, Y., Edirisinghe, I. and Burton-Freeman, B. M. (2016). Low-Income Shoppers and Fruit and Vegetables What Do They Think? Food and Nutrition, 51(5), 241-250.
- Huggett, M. and Ventura, G. (2000). Understanding why high-income households save more than low income households. Journal of Monetary Economics, 45, 361-397.
- Ibok, N. I. and Umana, V. S. (2013). Behavioural Characteristics and the Marketing Implications of the Low-Income Consumers. International Journal of Business Administration 4(5), 73-78.
- İkakat Tümer, E., Akbay, S. and Palabıyık, E. (2018). The Economic Contribution of Recycling in Kahramanmaras, KSU Journal of Agricalture and Nature, 21(Special Issue), 146-153.
- İnce, M., Bozyiğit, S. ve Kadıoğlu, Cansu Tor (2019). Reklamlarda Ünlü Kullanımının Y Kuşağı Tüketicilerinin Materyalist Eğilimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(4), 496-513.
- Kamal, S., Chu, S. C. and Pedram, M. (2013). Materialism, attitudes, and social media usage and their impact on purchase intention of luxury fashion goods among American and Arab young generations. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 13(1), 27-40.
- Kaus, W. (2013). Conspicuus Consumption and Race: Evidence from South Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 100, 63-73.
- Kerstetter, D. and Cho, M.-H. (2004). Prior knowledge, credibility and information search. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4). 961-85.
- Ketelaar, P. E., Willemsen, L. M., Sleven, L. and Kerkhof, P. (2015). The good, the bad, and the expert: How consumer expertise affects review valence effects on purchase intentions in online product reviews. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(6), 649-666.
- Kleiser, S.B. and Mantel, S.P. (1994). The dimensions of consumer expertise: A scale development. AMA Summer Educators Proceedings, American Marketing Association, 20-26.
- Klein, J. and Dawar, N. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and consumers’ attributions and brand evaluations in a product-harm crisis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 203-217.
- Korgaonkar, P. and Wolin, L. (2002). Web usage, advertising, and shopping: Relationship patterns. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 12(2), 191-204.
- Kwak, D. H., McDaniel, S. and Kim, K. T. (2012). Revisiting the satisfaction-loyalty relationship in the sport video gaming context: The mediating role of consumer expertise. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 81-91.
- Lembet, Z. (2014). Dergi Reklamlarında Sosyal Statü Göstergesi Olarak Markaların Sunumu”, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Maheswaran, D. and Sternthal, B. (1990). The effects of knowledge, motivation, and type of message on Ad processing and product judgements. Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (1), 66-73.
- Maheswaran, D., Sternthal, B. and Gurhan, Z. (1996). Acquisition and impact of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Psychology 5(2), 115-133.
- Mannion, C. and Brannick, T. (1995). Materialism and its measurement. Irish Journal of Management, 16, 1-15.
- Mason, R.S. (2001) Conspicuous consumption: a literature review. European Journal of Marketing, 18(3), 26–39.
- Matos, C., Vieira, V., Bonfanti, K. and Mette, F. (2019). Antecedents of indebtedness for low-income consumers: the mediating role of materialism. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(1), 92-101.
- Mattila, A. and Wirtz, J. (2001). The moderating role of expertise in consumer evaluations of credence goods. International Quarterly Journal of Marketing, 1(4), 281-292.
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Yıl 2020,
, 1480 - 1496, 30.10.2020
Esra Güven
,
Aysun Kahraman
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, M. E., Khan, M. M., and Samad, N. (2016). Income, Social Class and Consumer Behaviour: A Focus on Developing Nations. Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(10), 6679-6702.
- Ahuvia, Aaron C. and Nancy Y. Wong. (2002). Personality and Values Based Materialism: Their Relationship and Origins. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(4), 389–402.
- Akee, R., Copeland, W., Costello, E. J. and Simeonova, E. (2018) How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors? American Economic Review, 108(3), 775–827.
- Alba, J. W. and Hutchinson, W. (1987) Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research 13(4), 411-454.
- Aydın, K. (2012). Türkiye’de Kişisel Gelir Dağılımının Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Belirleyicileri, Çalışma ve Toplum, 1, 147-166.
- Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 265-280.
- Bozoğlu, M.; Huang, C.L., Florkowski, W.J., Kılıç Topuz, B. ve Eroğlu, N. A. (2014). Tüketicilerin Gıda Güvenliği Farkındalıkları ve Gıda Güvenliği Sertifikalı Süt ve Ürünlerini Satın Alma Niyetleri, XI. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi 3-5 Eylül, Samsun.
- Budiner Mette, F. M., de Matos, C. A.; Rohden, S. F. ve Ponchio, M. C. (2019). Explanatory mechanisms of the decision to buy on credit: The role of materialism, impulsivity and financial knowledge. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 21(March), 15-21
- Carsana, L. and Jolibert, A. (2017). The effects of expertise and brand schematicity on the perceived importance of choice criteria: a Bordeaux wine investigation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(1), 80-90.
- Castner, L. and Mabli, J. (2010). Low-Income Household Spending Patterns and Measures of Poverty, Washington: Mathematica Policy Research.
- Chang, H. H., Wong, K. H. and Chu, T. W. (2018). Online advertorial attributions on consumer responses: materialism as a moderator, Online Information Review, 42(5), 697-717.
- Chen, J. (2002). Chinese Identification, Acculturation and Conspicuous Consumption in a Multicultural Society: A Theoretical Framework and Emprical Evidence, Phd. Dissertation, UMI, The University of Guelph.
- Cheung, C. M., Xiao, B. and Liu, I. L. (2012). The impact of observational learning and electronic word of mouth on consumer purchase decisions: The moderating role of consumer expertise and consumer involvement. 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (3228-3237).
- Chung, E. and Fischer, E. (2001). When Conspicuous Consumption Becomes Inconspicious: The Case of the Migrant Hong Kong Consumers. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(6), 474-487.
- Clow, K. E. and Back, D. (2017). Integrated Advertising, Promotion and Marketing Communication, 8th Edition, London:Pearson Inc.
- Çınar, R. ve Çubukçu, İ. (2009). Tüketim Toplumunun Şekillenmesi ve Tüketici Davranışları Karşılaştırmalı Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 277-300.
- Demir, H. (2014). Tüketim Kültürü ve İdeoloji Bağlamında Yazılı Basın Metinlerinde Kimlik, Statü, Arzu, Haz ve Tatminin Üretimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Duhan, D. F., Rinaldo, S. B., Velikova, N., Dodd, T. and Trela, B. (2019). Hospitality situations, consumer expertise, and perceptions of wine attributes: three empirical studies. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 31(1), 68-88.
- Durmuş, İ. (2016). TV Reklamlarının Tüketicilerin Tutum ve Motivasyonları Üzerindeki Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 28-40.
- Engelbertink, A. and Van Hullebusch, S. (2013). The effects of education and income on consumers’ motivation to read online hotel reviews. Research in Hospitality Management, 2(1-2), 57-61.
- Espinola, A. and Badrinarayanan, V. (2010). Consumer expertise, sacralization, and event attendance: a conceptual framework. Marketing Management Journal, 20(1), 145-164.
Eze, U. C. and Lee, C. H. (2012). Consumers’ attitude towards advertising. International journal of business and management, 7(13), 94.
- Garðarsdóttir R. B. and Dittmar, H. (2012). The relationship of materialism to debt and financial well-being: The case of Iceland’s perceived prosperity, Journal of Economic Psychology 33, 471–481.
- Goldsmith, R. E. and Clark, R. A. (2012). Materialism, Status Consumption, and Consumer Independence, The Journal of Social Psychology, 152:1, 43-60.
- Güllülü, U. Ünal, S. ve Bilgili, B. (2010). Kendini Gösterim ve Kişilerarası Etkileşimin Gösterişçi Tüketim Üzerindeki Etkilerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 105-139.
- Hirsch, D (2013) Paying for children: The state’s changing role and income adequacy. Journal of Social Policy, 42, 495–512.
- Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- Huang, Y., Edirisinghe, I. and Burton-Freeman, B. M. (2016). Low-Income Shoppers and Fruit and Vegetables What Do They Think? Food and Nutrition, 51(5), 241-250.
- Huggett, M. and Ventura, G. (2000). Understanding why high-income households save more than low income households. Journal of Monetary Economics, 45, 361-397.
- Ibok, N. I. and Umana, V. S. (2013). Behavioural Characteristics and the Marketing Implications of the Low-Income Consumers. International Journal of Business Administration 4(5), 73-78.
- İkakat Tümer, E., Akbay, S. and Palabıyık, E. (2018). The Economic Contribution of Recycling in Kahramanmaras, KSU Journal of Agricalture and Nature, 21(Special Issue), 146-153.
- İnce, M., Bozyiğit, S. ve Kadıoğlu, Cansu Tor (2019). Reklamlarda Ünlü Kullanımının Y Kuşağı Tüketicilerinin Materyalist Eğilimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(4), 496-513.
- Kamal, S., Chu, S. C. and Pedram, M. (2013). Materialism, attitudes, and social media usage and their impact on purchase intention of luxury fashion goods among American and Arab young generations. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 13(1), 27-40.
- Kaus, W. (2013). Conspicuus Consumption and Race: Evidence from South Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 100, 63-73.
- Kerstetter, D. and Cho, M.-H. (2004). Prior knowledge, credibility and information search. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4). 961-85.
- Ketelaar, P. E., Willemsen, L. M., Sleven, L. and Kerkhof, P. (2015). The good, the bad, and the expert: How consumer expertise affects review valence effects on purchase intentions in online product reviews. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(6), 649-666.
- Kleiser, S.B. and Mantel, S.P. (1994). The dimensions of consumer expertise: A scale development. AMA Summer Educators Proceedings, American Marketing Association, 20-26.
- Klein, J. and Dawar, N. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and consumers’ attributions and brand evaluations in a product-harm crisis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 203-217.
- Korgaonkar, P. and Wolin, L. (2002). Web usage, advertising, and shopping: Relationship patterns. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 12(2), 191-204.
- Kwak, D. H., McDaniel, S. and Kim, K. T. (2012). Revisiting the satisfaction-loyalty relationship in the sport video gaming context: The mediating role of consumer expertise. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 81-91.
- Lembet, Z. (2014). Dergi Reklamlarında Sosyal Statü Göstergesi Olarak Markaların Sunumu”, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Maheswaran, D. and Sternthal, B. (1990). The effects of knowledge, motivation, and type of message on Ad processing and product judgements. Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (1), 66-73.
- Maheswaran, D., Sternthal, B. and Gurhan, Z. (1996). Acquisition and impact of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Psychology 5(2), 115-133.
- Mannion, C. and Brannick, T. (1995). Materialism and its measurement. Irish Journal of Management, 16, 1-15.
- Mason, R.S. (2001) Conspicuous consumption: a literature review. European Journal of Marketing, 18(3), 26–39.
- Matos, C., Vieira, V., Bonfanti, K. and Mette, F. (2019). Antecedents of indebtedness for low-income consumers: the mediating role of materialism. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(1), 92-101.
- Mattila, A. and Wirtz, J. (2001). The moderating role of expertise in consumer evaluations of credence goods. International Quarterly Journal of Marketing, 1(4), 281-292.
- Mishra, S., Umesh, U.N. and Stem, D.E. Jr (1993), “Antecedents of the attraction effect: an information-processing approach”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 331-349.
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