Yapay Zekâ Sosyolojisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında en çok tartışılan teknolojik yeniliklerden biri olan yapay zekâ, etkinliğini hayatın her alanında her geçen gün biraz daha arttırmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar ve istatistikler ortaya koymaktadır ki yapay zekânın toplumsal hayata olan etkisi mütemadiyen artmakta ve toplumsal yaşamı farklı biçimlerde etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla yapay zekâ yazılım ve bilgisayar bilimlerinin olduğu kadar sosyal bilimlerin de ilgi alanına girmektedir. Yapay zekâyı konu edinen sosyolojik çalışmalar hem nitelik hem nicelik açısından artış göstermektedir. Sosyoloji içerisinde yapay zekâ üzerine çalışmalarda iki temel yaklaşım olduğu görülmektedir. Birinci gruptaki çalışmalar yoğunlukla yapay zekâyı toplumsal etkileri bağlamında sermaye ve siyasal iktidarların toplumsal kontrolü sürdürmelerinin bir aracı, toplumsal eşitsizlikleri yeniden üreten bir olgu ve onu üretenlerin kültürel yanlılıklarını taşıyan kültürel bir fenomen olarak ele alınmaktadır. İkinci gruptaki çalışmalar ise, genelde teknolojiyi özelde ise yapay zekâyı toplumsallığın üretiminde “toplumsal aktör” olarak konumlandıran çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yapay zekânın sosyoloji literatüründe ele alınış biçimlerini eleştirel bir perspektiften ele almak ve yapay zekâ sosyolojisini tartışmaya açmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapay zeka
• sosyoloji
• teknoloji

An Evaluation on the Sociology of Artificial Intelligence

Öz

Artificial intelligence, which is one of the most discussed technological innovations in today's world, increases its effectiveness in every field of life day by day. Studies and statistics reveal that the impact of artificial intelligence on social life is constantly increasing and it affects social life in different ways. Therefore, artificial intelligence is as much a concern of software and computer sciences as of social sciences. Sociological studies on artificial intelligence are increasing both in terms of quality and quantity. There are two main approaches in studies on artificial intelligence in sociology. The studies in the first group focus mainly on artificial intelligence in the context of its social effects, as a tool for capital and political power to maintain social control, as a phenomenon that reproduces social inequalities, and as a cultural phenomenon that carries the cultural biases of those who produce it. The studies in the second group are those that position technology in general and artificial intelligence in particular as a “social actor” in the production of sociality. The aim of this study is to critically examine the ways in which artificial intelligence is handled in the sociological literature and to discuss the sociology of artificial intelligence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial intelligence
• sociology
• technology

Kaynakça

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