Yok Olmaya Yüz Tutmuş Bir Kırsal Mesken Tipi veya Kültürel Miras: Suruç Kümbet Evleri

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 881 - 916, 01.12.2012

Mehmet Sait Şahinalp

Öz

Suruç Kümbet evleri, Suruç Ovası ve yakın çevresinde görülen, yüzyıllar boyunca kullanılan bir kırsal mesken tipidir. Tamamen güneşte kurutulmuş kerpiçlerden inşa edilen bu evlerin odaları kare planlı olup, konik bir çatıya sahiptir. Kendisine has özellikleriyle Harran, Trullo, Clochán gibi konik kubbeli evlerden ayrılmaktadır. Bu meskenlerin kullanım alanlarını oluşturan oturma alanları, tahıl depoları, ahır-ağıl ve samanlık, güneyden kuzeye sırasıyla dizilmiş ve odalar arasındaki geçişler eyvanlarla sağlanmıştır. Kırsal yaşamın bir gereği olarak bu meskenlerin tandır (tendur), samanlık (kadin), kapalı ve açık ağıl (gom), ça’l, lod ve seki gibi bazı eklentileri bulunmaktadır. Son 30 yılda yaşanan bir takım doğal ve sosyo-ekonomik sorunlar nedeniyle, köylerden şehirlere göç hızlanmış ve bu evler terk edilmiştir. Ayrıca köylerde ikamet edenlerin betonarme yapıları tercih etmeye başlaması, bu evlerin kullanılmamasına ve zamanla tahrip olarak yok olmalarına neden olmuştur. Günümüzde Suruç kümbet evlerinin ayakta kalan son örneklerini ancak Kara, Yatırtepe ve Boztepe köylerinde görmek mümkündür

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kümbet evler, Suruç, Yerleşme coğrafyası, Kırsal meskenler

A Type of Rural Houses or a Cultural Heritage That Tending to Disappear: Beehive Houses of Suruç

Öz

Beehive houses of Suruç are completely built from sun dried mudbrick. Traditionally, rural house of Suruç plain is beehive houses. It has known that these houses have been used for centuries. These houses rooms have square plan and each room have conical roof. In terms of their own characteristic, Suruç beehive houses different from other conical or dome roofed houses such as beehive house of Harran, Trullo and Clochán. Basically there are four usage spaces; living rooms, designs of granaries, barn or folds and haylofts which are respectively arranged from south to north. These usage spaces are connected to each other with eyvans or gates without door. As requirement of rural life, these houses have some outbuildings such as tendur (tandoor), kadin (hayloft), gom (open folder), ça’l, lod and seki (terrace). Due to some environmental and socio-economic problems have caused migration from countryside to cities during the last 30 years. As a result of this, the Suruç beehive houses have either disused or abandoned completely. In addition, especially in last 30 years, the villagers in the area have begun to prefer building the reinforced concrete houses. This has led some of the Suruç beehive houses either to be destroyed or abandoned. Recent survived examples of these houses can be seen in Kara, Yatırtepe and Boztepe villages

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beehive or domed houses, Suruç, Settlement geography, Rural houses

Kaynakça

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