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TCMB’nin Döviz Kuruna Müdahalesinin Nedenleri ve Sonuçları

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 263 - 292, 01.06.2012

Öz

Son zamanlarda, merkez bankalarının enflasyon hedeflemesi altında, kurlara yaptıkları müdahalelerin etkinlikleri iktisat yazınında sıkça tartışılmaktadır. Enflasyon hedeflemesi altında kurlara müdahalenin etkinliği üç açıdan incelenmektedir. Bunlar; iktisadi birimlerin beklentileri ve kurların varyansı, rezerv biriktirme ve sterilizasyon maliyeti üzerindeki etkileridir. TCMB 2003 yılından itibaren kurlara gerek dolaylı yöntem olan ihale yöntemi gerekse doğrudan satın alma yöntemi ile müdahale etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu üç açıdan TCMB’nin döviz müdahalelerini ve sonuçlarını araştırmaktır. Logit analizi sonucunda TCMB’nin enflasyon hedeflemesi altında kurlara iktisadi birimlerin beklentilerini etkilemek ve kurun varyansını minimize etmek için müdahale ettiği bulunurken, bu müdahalesi sonucunda; kurun varyansı artmış ve rezerv biriktirme adına sterilizasyon maliyetleri yükselmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, TCMB’nin kura alım yönündeki müdahalesinin sonucu sadece rezerv biriktirmek olmuştur

Kaynakça

  • Agenor, P.R. (1994). Credibility and Exchange Rate Management in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics, 45(1),1-16
  • Agénor, P.R. (2001). Monetary Policy Under Flexible Exchange Rates: an Introduction to Inflation Targeting. Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, No:124.
  • Akıncı, Ö, Yücel O., Ç, Özlale Ü., & Şahinbeyoğlu G. (2005). Causes and Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Interventions for the Turkish Economy. Central Bank Of Turkey Research Department of Working Paper, No: 05/05.
  • Akyüz, Y. (2008). Managing Fınancial Instability In Emerging Markets : A Keynesian Perspective. Turkish Economıc Association Discussion Paper, No: 2008/4.
  • Baillie, R., & Osterberg W. (1997). Why Do Central Bank Intervene. Journal of International Money and Finance, 16(6), 909- 919.
  • Baydur, C.M., & Bora S. (2004). Enflasyon Açısından Kurların Önemi. İktisat İşletme Finans, 19(200), 86-94.
  • Baydur, C.M., & Ercan B. (2003). Para İkamesinin Yüksek Olduğu Ülkelerde Kur ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: Bir Var Analizi. VI Ulusal Ekonometri Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Baydur, C. M. (2008). Enflasyon Hedeflemesi Açısından Petrol ve Kur Şoku. İMKB Dergisi, 10(38), 43-62.
  • Bergonza C., & Carmen B. (2010.) Flexible Inflation Targets, Forex Interventions And Exchange Rate Volatility In Emerging Countries. Banco de Espana Working Paper, No:1105.
  • Bernanke, B., Laubach T., Mishkin F., & Posen, A. (2001). Inflation targeting: Lesson From International Experience, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Calvo, G. & Reinhart, C. (2002). Fear of Floating. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(2), 379-408.
  • Clarida, R., Gali, J., & Getrler, M. (2002). A Simple Framework for International Moneyaty Policy Analysis. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(2),879-904.
  • Cordero, J. A. (2008). Inflation targeting and the real exchange rate in a small economy: a structuralist approach. In Epstein, G & Yeldan, E. (Eds.), Beyond Inflation Targeting, , UK: Edward Elgar Press.
  • De Gregorio, R. & Andrea, T. (2005). Fear of Floating and Exchange Rate Policy in Chile. Journal Economía Chilena, 8(3), 29-54.
  • Domaç, İ, & Mendoza, A. (2004). Is there a room for foreign Exchange rate intervention under an inflation targeting framework. World Bank Policy Resaerch Working Paper, No.3288.
  • Dominguez, K. M. & Frankel, J. A. (1993). Does Foreign Exchange Intervention Matter? The Portfolio Effect. American Economic Review, 83,1356- 1369.
  • Dornbusch, R. (1994). Exchange Rate and Inflation. UK: The Mit Press.
  • Égert, B. & Podpiera, J. (2008). Structural Inflation And Real Exchange Rate Appreciation in Visegrad-4 Countries: Balassa-Samuelson Or Something Else? - Policy Insight. Centre For Economic Policy Research, No:20.
  • Epstein G. & Yeldan E. (2008) Beyond Inflation Targeting. UK: Edward Elgar Press.
  • Erdem, N. (2010). Bağımlılığın Yeni Biçimleri Olarak Neoliberal Politikalar: Türkiye Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(2),118-13
  • Fatum, R. (2000). On the Effectivness of Sterilized Foreign Exchange Intervention. Europeam Central Bank Working Paper, No:10.
  • Gern, C., Emsen, S., & Değer, K. (2005). Erken Uyarı Sistemleri Yoluyla Türkiye’deki Ekonomik Krizlerin Analizi. Ekonometri ve İstatistik, Sayı.2, 11-29
  • Goodhart, C., & Hofmann, B. (2000). Financial Variables and the Conduct of MonetaryPolicy. Sveriges Riskbank Working Paper, No: 12.
  • Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill Press,
  • Herrea, A. M. & Özbay, P. (2005). A Dynamic Model of Central Bank Intervention”. Central Bank Of Turkey research Department of Working Paper, No: 05/01
  • Holub, T. (2004). Foreign exchange interventions under inflation targeting: the Czech Experience. Duetsche Banks Research, No:17.
  • Horvart, R. (2007). Modelling Central Bank Intervention Activity under Inflation Targeting. Economics Bulletin, 6(29),1-8.
  • Hunt, B., & Isard, P. (2003). Some Implications for Monetary Policy of Uncertain Exchange Rate Pass-Trough. IMF Working Paper, No:03/25.
  • Ito, T., & Tomoyoshi, Y. (2007). What prompts Japan to intervene in the Forex market? A new approach to a reaction function. Journal of International Money and Finance, 26,193-212.
  • Ito, T. (2002). Is Foreign Exchange Intervention Effective?: The Japanese Experiences in the 1990s. Nber Working Paper, No.8914.
  • Kara, H., Hande Küçük T., Özlale, Ü., Tuğer B, Yavuz, D & Yücel, E. (2005). “xchange Pass Trough in Turkey: Has It Cchanged and To What Extend. CBRT Working Paper, No: 504
  • Kim, S-J., & Sheen, J. (2002). The determinants of foreign exchange intervention by central banks: evidence from Australia. Journal of International Money and Finance, 21, 619–649.
  • Leiderman, L., & Svensson, L. (1995). Inflation Targets, UK: Centre for Economic Policy Research Publications.
  • Lommatzsch, K., & Silke T.(2004). The Inflation Target Of The Ecb: Does The Balassasamuelson Effect Matter?. EU Working Papers, No. 2004/19.
  • Marcel, F., Luciana J., & Sarno, L. (2007). Asset Pirce, exchange rates and the current account. ECB Working Paper, 790.
  • Mohanty, M. S., & Turner, P. (2005). Intervention: What Are TheDomestic Consequences?. BIS Papers, 24.
  • Pavlova, A., & Rigbon, R. (2003). Asset Pirces and Exchange Rates. Nber Working Paper, 9834
  • Refet, G., Sack. B., & Swanson, E. (2005). Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words? The Response of Asset Prices to Monetary Policy Actions and Statements. International Journal of Central Banking 1(1), 55-93.
  • Roger, S., Restrepo, J., & Garcia, C. (2009). Hybrid Inflation Targeting Regimes. IMF Working Paper, WP/09/234
  • Saatçioğlu, C., & Korap, L. (2007). Does the Interest Differential Explain Future Exchange Rate Return? A Re-Examination of the UIP Hypothesis for the Turkish Economy. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 10, 120-128.
  • Süslü, B. (2005). Enflasyonu Engellemede Nominal Çapaların Olası Rolü, Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Süslü B., & Cengiz, S. (2011). Merkez Bankasının Kura Müdahalesinin Kur Beklentisi Üzerindeki Etkisi. Fatih Üniversitesi: ICEF 2011, İstanbul
  • Stone, M. (2003). Inflation Targeting Lite. IMF Working Paper, No: wp/03/12.
  • Svensson, L. (1999). Inflation targeting as a monetary policy rule. Journal of Monetary Economics, 43(3), 607-654.
  • Svensson, L. (1997). Optimal Inflation Targets, `Conservative' Central Banks, and Linear Inflation Contracts. NBER Working Papers, No: W5251.
  • Taner, E. (2008). Globalleşen Dünyada Merkez Bankalarının Likidite Yönetimi ve Türkiye Örneği”, TCMB, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi.
  • TCMB, Para ve Kur Politikası, 2005-2010
  • TCMB, Yıllık Rapor, 2003-2005.
  • Tuna, K. B. (2008). Türkiye’de Merkez Bankası Müdahalelerinin Döviz Kurlarının Oynaklığına Etkisi. BDDK Dergisi, 2(2), 77-105.
  • Woodford, M. (2003). Interest Rate and Prices, USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Woodford, M. (2009). Globalization and Monetary Control. In Gali,J ., Gertler,M. (Eds.), International Dimenson of Monetary Control USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Yeldan, E. (2010). Büyük Durgunluğun Öğrettikleri. İktisat ve Tolum Dergisi, 1, 16-24.
  • Yeldan, E. (2002). Neoliberal Küreselleşme İdeolojisinin Kalkınma Söylemi Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Praksis, No.7.
  • Yılmaz, K. (2007). Inflation Targeting and Convergence within Turkey. Social http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:16770 Research Network, Retrieved From EKLER
  • Ek 1: Logit Modelinin Tanımlayıcı İstatistikleri ve Sınıflandırma Tablosu
  • Tanımlayıcı İstatistikler R2McF,
  • LR istatistik (6 df)
  • Olasılık(LR istatistik)
  • Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) İstatistik (Olasılık) 0,77 88,20 0,0000 1,9303380 (0,9837)
  • Logit Modeli İçin Sınıflandırma Tablosu
  • Dep=0 Dep=1 Total 22.97 4.03 27.00 69.00 96.00 94.35 91.74 79.90 79.57 Percent Gain 79.23

Causes and Results of Exchange Rate Intervention Under Inflation Targeting

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 263 - 292, 01.06.2012

Öz

Under inflation targeting, central banks exchange rate interventions are discussed frequently in the economic literature recently. Effectiveness of intervention in exchange rate under inflation targeting are examined from three perspectives. These are expectations of the actors and the impact on the variance, reserve accumulation and the cost of sterilization. Since 2003 the Central Bank of Turkey has intervened exchange rate with both direct and indirect methods. The purpose of this study is to examine the results of these three aspects of the CBRT and the foreign exchange interventions. We found that by logit analysis under the inflation targeting of CBRT as a result of the intervention of exchange rate is effect expectations of economic unit and reduce of exchange rate the variance; after thes intervention the variance of exchange rate and cost of sterilization are increased. In this respect, the effectiveness of the intervention of the Central Bank exchange rate market is only reserve accumulation

Kaynakça

  • Agenor, P.R. (1994). Credibility and Exchange Rate Management in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics, 45(1),1-16
  • Agénor, P.R. (2001). Monetary Policy Under Flexible Exchange Rates: an Introduction to Inflation Targeting. Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, No:124.
  • Akıncı, Ö, Yücel O., Ç, Özlale Ü., & Şahinbeyoğlu G. (2005). Causes and Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Interventions for the Turkish Economy. Central Bank Of Turkey Research Department of Working Paper, No: 05/05.
  • Akyüz, Y. (2008). Managing Fınancial Instability In Emerging Markets : A Keynesian Perspective. Turkish Economıc Association Discussion Paper, No: 2008/4.
  • Baillie, R., & Osterberg W. (1997). Why Do Central Bank Intervene. Journal of International Money and Finance, 16(6), 909- 919.
  • Baydur, C.M., & Bora S. (2004). Enflasyon Açısından Kurların Önemi. İktisat İşletme Finans, 19(200), 86-94.
  • Baydur, C.M., & Ercan B. (2003). Para İkamesinin Yüksek Olduğu Ülkelerde Kur ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: Bir Var Analizi. VI Ulusal Ekonometri Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Baydur, C. M. (2008). Enflasyon Hedeflemesi Açısından Petrol ve Kur Şoku. İMKB Dergisi, 10(38), 43-62.
  • Bergonza C., & Carmen B. (2010.) Flexible Inflation Targets, Forex Interventions And Exchange Rate Volatility In Emerging Countries. Banco de Espana Working Paper, No:1105.
  • Bernanke, B., Laubach T., Mishkin F., & Posen, A. (2001). Inflation targeting: Lesson From International Experience, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Calvo, G. & Reinhart, C. (2002). Fear of Floating. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(2), 379-408.
  • Clarida, R., Gali, J., & Getrler, M. (2002). A Simple Framework for International Moneyaty Policy Analysis. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(2),879-904.
  • Cordero, J. A. (2008). Inflation targeting and the real exchange rate in a small economy: a structuralist approach. In Epstein, G & Yeldan, E. (Eds.), Beyond Inflation Targeting, , UK: Edward Elgar Press.
  • De Gregorio, R. & Andrea, T. (2005). Fear of Floating and Exchange Rate Policy in Chile. Journal Economía Chilena, 8(3), 29-54.
  • Domaç, İ, & Mendoza, A. (2004). Is there a room for foreign Exchange rate intervention under an inflation targeting framework. World Bank Policy Resaerch Working Paper, No.3288.
  • Dominguez, K. M. & Frankel, J. A. (1993). Does Foreign Exchange Intervention Matter? The Portfolio Effect. American Economic Review, 83,1356- 1369.
  • Dornbusch, R. (1994). Exchange Rate and Inflation. UK: The Mit Press.
  • Égert, B. & Podpiera, J. (2008). Structural Inflation And Real Exchange Rate Appreciation in Visegrad-4 Countries: Balassa-Samuelson Or Something Else? - Policy Insight. Centre For Economic Policy Research, No:20.
  • Epstein G. & Yeldan E. (2008) Beyond Inflation Targeting. UK: Edward Elgar Press.
  • Erdem, N. (2010). Bağımlılığın Yeni Biçimleri Olarak Neoliberal Politikalar: Türkiye Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(2),118-13
  • Fatum, R. (2000). On the Effectivness of Sterilized Foreign Exchange Intervention. Europeam Central Bank Working Paper, No:10.
  • Gern, C., Emsen, S., & Değer, K. (2005). Erken Uyarı Sistemleri Yoluyla Türkiye’deki Ekonomik Krizlerin Analizi. Ekonometri ve İstatistik, Sayı.2, 11-29
  • Goodhart, C., & Hofmann, B. (2000). Financial Variables and the Conduct of MonetaryPolicy. Sveriges Riskbank Working Paper, No: 12.
  • Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill Press,
  • Herrea, A. M. & Özbay, P. (2005). A Dynamic Model of Central Bank Intervention”. Central Bank Of Turkey research Department of Working Paper, No: 05/01
  • Holub, T. (2004). Foreign exchange interventions under inflation targeting: the Czech Experience. Duetsche Banks Research, No:17.
  • Horvart, R. (2007). Modelling Central Bank Intervention Activity under Inflation Targeting. Economics Bulletin, 6(29),1-8.
  • Hunt, B., & Isard, P. (2003). Some Implications for Monetary Policy of Uncertain Exchange Rate Pass-Trough. IMF Working Paper, No:03/25.
  • Ito, T., & Tomoyoshi, Y. (2007). What prompts Japan to intervene in the Forex market? A new approach to a reaction function. Journal of International Money and Finance, 26,193-212.
  • Ito, T. (2002). Is Foreign Exchange Intervention Effective?: The Japanese Experiences in the 1990s. Nber Working Paper, No.8914.
  • Kara, H., Hande Küçük T., Özlale, Ü., Tuğer B, Yavuz, D & Yücel, E. (2005). “xchange Pass Trough in Turkey: Has It Cchanged and To What Extend. CBRT Working Paper, No: 504
  • Kim, S-J., & Sheen, J. (2002). The determinants of foreign exchange intervention by central banks: evidence from Australia. Journal of International Money and Finance, 21, 619–649.
  • Leiderman, L., & Svensson, L. (1995). Inflation Targets, UK: Centre for Economic Policy Research Publications.
  • Lommatzsch, K., & Silke T.(2004). The Inflation Target Of The Ecb: Does The Balassasamuelson Effect Matter?. EU Working Papers, No. 2004/19.
  • Marcel, F., Luciana J., & Sarno, L. (2007). Asset Pirce, exchange rates and the current account. ECB Working Paper, 790.
  • Mohanty, M. S., & Turner, P. (2005). Intervention: What Are TheDomestic Consequences?. BIS Papers, 24.
  • Pavlova, A., & Rigbon, R. (2003). Asset Pirces and Exchange Rates. Nber Working Paper, 9834
  • Refet, G., Sack. B., & Swanson, E. (2005). Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words? The Response of Asset Prices to Monetary Policy Actions and Statements. International Journal of Central Banking 1(1), 55-93.
  • Roger, S., Restrepo, J., & Garcia, C. (2009). Hybrid Inflation Targeting Regimes. IMF Working Paper, WP/09/234
  • Saatçioğlu, C., & Korap, L. (2007). Does the Interest Differential Explain Future Exchange Rate Return? A Re-Examination of the UIP Hypothesis for the Turkish Economy. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 10, 120-128.
  • Süslü, B. (2005). Enflasyonu Engellemede Nominal Çapaların Olası Rolü, Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Süslü B., & Cengiz, S. (2011). Merkez Bankasının Kura Müdahalesinin Kur Beklentisi Üzerindeki Etkisi. Fatih Üniversitesi: ICEF 2011, İstanbul
  • Stone, M. (2003). Inflation Targeting Lite. IMF Working Paper, No: wp/03/12.
  • Svensson, L. (1999). Inflation targeting as a monetary policy rule. Journal of Monetary Economics, 43(3), 607-654.
  • Svensson, L. (1997). Optimal Inflation Targets, `Conservative' Central Banks, and Linear Inflation Contracts. NBER Working Papers, No: W5251.
  • Taner, E. (2008). Globalleşen Dünyada Merkez Bankalarının Likidite Yönetimi ve Türkiye Örneği”, TCMB, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi.
  • TCMB, Para ve Kur Politikası, 2005-2010
  • TCMB, Yıllık Rapor, 2003-2005.
  • Tuna, K. B. (2008). Türkiye’de Merkez Bankası Müdahalelerinin Döviz Kurlarının Oynaklığına Etkisi. BDDK Dergisi, 2(2), 77-105.
  • Woodford, M. (2003). Interest Rate and Prices, USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Woodford, M. (2009). Globalization and Monetary Control. In Gali,J ., Gertler,M. (Eds.), International Dimenson of Monetary Control USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Yeldan, E. (2010). Büyük Durgunluğun Öğrettikleri. İktisat ve Tolum Dergisi, 1, 16-24.
  • Yeldan, E. (2002). Neoliberal Küreselleşme İdeolojisinin Kalkınma Söylemi Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Praksis, No.7.
  • Yılmaz, K. (2007). Inflation Targeting and Convergence within Turkey. Social http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:16770 Research Network, Retrieved From EKLER
  • Ek 1: Logit Modelinin Tanımlayıcı İstatistikleri ve Sınıflandırma Tablosu
  • Tanımlayıcı İstatistikler R2McF,
  • LR istatistik (6 df)
  • Olasılık(LR istatistik)
  • Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) İstatistik (Olasılık) 0,77 88,20 0,0000 1,9303380 (0,9837)
  • Logit Modeli İçin Sınıflandırma Tablosu
  • Dep=0 Dep=1 Total 22.97 4.03 27.00 69.00 96.00 94.35 91.74 79.90 79.57 Percent Gain 79.23
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA33AZ77KZ
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Bora Suslu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Suslu, B. (2012). TCMB’nin Döviz Kuruna Müdahalesinin Nedenleri ve Sonuçları. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 263-292.