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Nel Noddings’te ‘İlgi’nin Etik Önemi ve Eğitimdeki Yeri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 711 - 725, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.396151

Öz

Nel Noddings’in öncüsü
durumunda olduğu ilgi etiği, son dönemlerde, özellikle felsefe ve eğitim
alanında tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Noddings ilgi etiğini hem liberalizmin
hakim iki ahlak öğretisi olan Faydacılık ve Kantçılığın hem de Erdem Etiğinin
karşısında konumlandırır. Ona göre liberalizm komüniteden, bağımlılık ve ilgi
ilişkilerinden bağımsız bir “birey”den hareket etmekle birçok sorunumuza ışık
tutamaz. Erdem etiği ise, her ne kadar liberalizm eleştirisi konusunda haklı
argümanlara sahip olsa da erdemler üzerinde vurgusu, çoğulcu bir birliktelik
içerisinde kimi engeller oluşturur. Çünkü bizler farklı erdemlere öncelik veren
farklı geleneklere sahip olabiliriz, bu farklılık içerisinde eğitimi, kamusal
yaşamı hangi erdemler üzerine inşa edeceğimiz, kişiler arasında ciddi itilaflar
doğurabilir. Oysa Noddings’e göre ilgi, evrensel bir istek olarak her insanın
talep ettiği bir şeydir ve çocukluktan ölüme kadar hepimiz belli ilgi
ilişkileri, bağımlılıklar içerisinde bulunuruz. Noddings ilgiyi eğitimde başta
olmak üzere her alanda büyütmenin birbirimizle diyalog kurabilmemizi,
birbirimizi dinlemememize izin vereceğini belirtir. İlişki kurmamız,
birbirimizi anlamamız için gerekli bu ilk adım tüm farklılıklarımıza rağmen
dünyanın birçok sorununa, yoksullara, hayvanlara duyarlı olmamızı
sağlayabilecektir. Bu çalışmamızda Noddings ilgi etiğini, eğitime de yer yer
dikkat ederek ele alacağız.

Kaynakça

  • Adkins, A. W. H. (1965). Merit and responsibility: a study in greek values. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • DesAuteles, P. and Waugh, J. (2001). Feminists doing ethics. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Driver, J. (2014). The history of utilitarianism. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition). URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/utilitarianism-history/>.
  • Frazer, M. L. And Slote, M. (2015). Sentimentalist virtue ethics. In Besser-Jones, L. and Slote, M. (Eds.). The routledge companion to virtue ethics. (ss. 197-209). New York & London: Routledge.
  • Garz, D. (2009). Lawrence Kohlberg: an introduction. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Groenhaut, R. (1998). The virtue of care: aristotelian ethics and contemporary ethics of care. In Freeland, C. A. (Ed.). Feminist interpretations of Aristotle. (ss. 171-201). USA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Held, V. (2006). The ethics of care: personal, political, and global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Held, V. (2009). The ethics of care. In Copp, D. (Ed.). Oxford handbook of ethical theory. (ss. 535-569). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kittay, E. F. (1999). Love’s labor: essays on women, equility, and dependency. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (2008). The constitution of agency: essays on practical reason and moral psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (2009). Self-constitution: agency, identity, and integrity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Louden, R. B. (2000). Kant’s impure ethics: from rational beings to human beings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1996). Dependent rational animals: why human beings need the virtue. Illinois: Open Court.
  • Maclntyre, A. (2001a). Erdem peşinde: ahlak teorisi üzerine bir çalışma. (M. Özcan, Çev.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yay.
  • MacIntyre, A. (2001b). Ethik’in kısa tarihi: homerik çağdan yirminci yüzyıla,: (H. Hünler & S.Z. Hünler, Çev.& Sunuş). İstanbul: Paradigma Yay.
  • MacIntyre, A. (2016). Ethics in the conflicts of modernity: an essay on desire, practical reasoning, and narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1989). Women and evil. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1995). Philosophy of education. Oxford: Westview Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2002a). Educating moral people: a caring alternative to character education. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2002b). Starting at home. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2003). Happiness and education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N.& Slote, M. (2003). Changing notions of the moral and of moral education. In Blake, N., Smeyers, P., Smith, R., and Standish, P. (Eds.). The blackwell guide to the philosophy of education. (ss. 341-356). Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
  • Noddings, N. (2010). The maternal factor: two paths to morality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2012). Peace education: how we come to love and hate war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: a relational approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2015). Care ethics and virtue ethics. In Besser-Jones, L. and Slote, M. (Eds.). The routledge Companion to virtue ethics. (ss. 401-414). New York & London: Routledge.
  • Okin, S. M. (1989). Justice, gender, and the family. New York: Basic Book Publishers.
  • Okin, S. M. (2003). Feminism, moral Development, and the virtues. In Crisp, R. (Ed.). How should one live?: essays on virtues. (ss. 211-231). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Poole, R. (1993). Ahlak ve modernlik. (M. Küçük, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yay.
  • Sherman, N. (1997), Making a necessity of virtue: Aristotle and Kant on virtue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Slote, M. (2007). The ethics of care and empathy. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Tepe, H. (2016). ‘Teorik etik’: etiğin bilgisel sorunları. Ankara: BilgeSu Yay.
  • Yoğurtçu, G. (2016). İletişim ediminde ‘diyalog etiği’ ve televizyon tartışma programlarına eleştirel bakış. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 315-328.

The Ethical Importance of Care and Its Place in Education in Nel Noddings

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 711 - 725, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.396151

Öz

Care ethics which Nel Noddings
is a pioneer of, has recently been debated especially in the field of
philosophy and education. Noddings positions care ethics in the face of both
liberalism’s prevailing two moral doctrines, ie, Utilitarianism and Kantianism
and of Virtue ethics. According to her, liberalism cannot shed light on many
problems by starting from “individual” which is independent of community, of
the relations of dependence and care. Although the virtue ethics has many
justified arguments on criticism of liberalism, its emphasis on virtues
constitutes some obstacles within a pluralistic unity. For we can have
different traditions that prioritize different virtues, and these differences
can create serious conflicts among people, on which virtues we will build
public life and education. Yet according to Noddings, care is something that
every human being demands as a universal wish, and from childhood until death
we all have certain relations of care, dependency. Noddings indicate that
growing care in every area especially in education will allow us to dialogue
with and to listen to each other. This first step which is necessary to
constitute a relationship, to understand each other, will enable us to be
sensitive to the many problems of the world, to the poor, the animals, despite
all our differences. In this paper, we will consider the care ethics of
Noddings by paying attention to education.

Kaynakça

  • Adkins, A. W. H. (1965). Merit and responsibility: a study in greek values. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • DesAuteles, P. and Waugh, J. (2001). Feminists doing ethics. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Driver, J. (2014). The history of utilitarianism. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition). URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/utilitarianism-history/>.
  • Frazer, M. L. And Slote, M. (2015). Sentimentalist virtue ethics. In Besser-Jones, L. and Slote, M. (Eds.). The routledge companion to virtue ethics. (ss. 197-209). New York & London: Routledge.
  • Garz, D. (2009). Lawrence Kohlberg: an introduction. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Groenhaut, R. (1998). The virtue of care: aristotelian ethics and contemporary ethics of care. In Freeland, C. A. (Ed.). Feminist interpretations of Aristotle. (ss. 171-201). USA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Held, V. (2006). The ethics of care: personal, political, and global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Held, V. (2009). The ethics of care. In Copp, D. (Ed.). Oxford handbook of ethical theory. (ss. 535-569). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kittay, E. F. (1999). Love’s labor: essays on women, equility, and dependency. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (2008). The constitution of agency: essays on practical reason and moral psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Korsgaard, C. M. (2009). Self-constitution: agency, identity, and integrity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Louden, R. B. (2000). Kant’s impure ethics: from rational beings to human beings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1996). Dependent rational animals: why human beings need the virtue. Illinois: Open Court.
  • Maclntyre, A. (2001a). Erdem peşinde: ahlak teorisi üzerine bir çalışma. (M. Özcan, Çev.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yay.
  • MacIntyre, A. (2001b). Ethik’in kısa tarihi: homerik çağdan yirminci yüzyıla,: (H. Hünler & S.Z. Hünler, Çev.& Sunuş). İstanbul: Paradigma Yay.
  • MacIntyre, A. (2016). Ethics in the conflicts of modernity: an essay on desire, practical reasoning, and narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1989). Women and evil. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1995). Philosophy of education. Oxford: Westview Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2002a). Educating moral people: a caring alternative to character education. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2002b). Starting at home. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2003). Happiness and education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N.& Slote, M. (2003). Changing notions of the moral and of moral education. In Blake, N., Smeyers, P., Smith, R., and Standish, P. (Eds.). The blackwell guide to the philosophy of education. (ss. 341-356). Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
  • Noddings, N. (2010). The maternal factor: two paths to morality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2012). Peace education: how we come to love and hate war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: a relational approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Noddings, N. (2015). Care ethics and virtue ethics. In Besser-Jones, L. and Slote, M. (Eds.). The routledge Companion to virtue ethics. (ss. 401-414). New York & London: Routledge.
  • Okin, S. M. (1989). Justice, gender, and the family. New York: Basic Book Publishers.
  • Okin, S. M. (2003). Feminism, moral Development, and the virtues. In Crisp, R. (Ed.). How should one live?: essays on virtues. (ss. 211-231). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Poole, R. (1993). Ahlak ve modernlik. (M. Küçük, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yay.
  • Sherman, N. (1997), Making a necessity of virtue: Aristotle and Kant on virtue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Slote, M. (2007). The ethics of care and empathy. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Tepe, H. (2016). ‘Teorik etik’: etiğin bilgisel sorunları. Ankara: BilgeSu Yay.
  • Yoğurtçu, G. (2016). İletişim ediminde ‘diyalog etiği’ ve televizyon tartışma programlarına eleştirel bakış. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 315-328.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Felsefe
Bölüm Felsefe
Yazarlar

Barış Mutlu 0000-0001-6807-6448

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Şubat 2018
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mutlu, B. (2018). Nel Noddings’te ‘İlgi’nin Etik Önemi ve Eğitimdeki Yeri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 711-725. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.396151