Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 1558 - 1573, 27.09.2018

Hacı Hayrettin Tıraş , Hüseyin Ağır

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.444411

Cited By: 3

Öz

Yeni
(içsel) büyüme teorileri ortaya konulduktan sonra, bu teorilerde yer alan
baskın rolün beşeri sermaye değişkenine verildiği görülmektedir. Beşeri
sermayeyi temsil edebilecek asıl göstergeyi resmi ya da resmi olmayan eğitim
göstergeleri oluştursa da toplumun sağlık düzeyi ile ilgili göstergeler de
beşeri sermayeyi besleyen ve gelişmesine katkı yapan bir unsur olarak büyüme
modellerinde yer almaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme ve beşeri sermaye ilişkisini
tartışan literatürde, beşeri sermayeyi temsil edebilen değişkenlerle ekonomik
büyüme göstergeleri arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir konsesüse varılamadığı
anlaşılmaktadır. Literatürde, nedenselliğin yönü ile ilgili olarak tek yönlü ya
da karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkilerini destekleyen çalışmalara
rastlanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle daha geniş data setiyle ve yeni ekonometrik yöntemler
kullanılarak tahminler yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma sözü edilen
gerekçelerle beşeri sermaye ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini, yeni nesil panel
nedensellik testlerinden biri olan Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) yaklaşımı ve
Dünya Bankasının ülkeleri gelirlerine göre sınıflandırdığı dört farklı ülke
grubu için 1995-2014 verilerini kullanarak tahmin etmektedir. Beşeri sermaye
göstergesi olarak, kişi başına sağlık harcamaları; toplam sağlık harcamaları,
özel sağlık harcamaları ve kamu sağlık harcamaları kullanılırken, ekonomik
büyüme göstergesi olarak da kişi başına gelir değişkeni tercih edilmiştir.
Ülke gruplarına göre elde edilen sonuçlar değişkenler arasında çift yönlü
nedensellik ilişkisine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beşeri Sermaye, Ekonomik Büyüme, Sağlık Harcamaları

Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth Relation: Panel Causality Analysis

Öz

With the development of new
(endogenaus) growth theories, it is observed that the major role in these
theories had been given to human capital. Although offical or non-offical
education indicators are the main indicators which represent human capital, the
indicators about the health level of a society also appear in growth models as
an element which feeds human capital and contributes its development. The
literature which discuss the relation between economic growth and human capital
could not come to a consensus about the relation between the variables which
represent human capital and economic growth indicators. There are studies, in
the literature, which support one-way or mutual causality relations regarding
the direction of the causality. Hence, it is necessary to conduct predictions
by using larger data sets and new econometric models. This study predicts the
relationship between human capital and economic growth by using Emirmahmutoglu
and Kose (2011) approach, which is one of the new generation panel causality
tests, for the four different country groups by income levels which is
classified by the World Bank for the period of 1995-2014. We used personal
healthcare expenditures, total healthcare expenditures, private healthcare expenditures
and public healthcare expenditures as human capital indicators, and personal
income as economic growth indicator. The results obtained, according to the
country groups, point to two-way causality relation between variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human Capital, Economic Growth, Health Expenditures

Kaynakça

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