Transformation of the Somali Civil-War and Reflections for a Post -Conflict Social Contract

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 4, 1346 - 1366, 18.10.2019

İsrael Nyaburi Nyadera , Mohamed Salah Mohamed Billy Agwanda

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.536203

Cited By: 3

Öz

2019
marks 28 years since the central government in Somalia collapsed, however, even today, subsequent generations of those who
experienced the collapse continue to suffer its consequences. Relative to its
prolonged manifestation, the crisis in Somalia remains a difficult one to
forget given the continued internal suffering and external threat that it
poses. Purposefully, this article will attempt to contribute to the existing
peace efforts by adding the role of community/clan social contract in the peace
process. The previous peace efforts prioritized
state -building and establishing a central government without examining
the attitude of people towards a central authority given their experiences and
how the clans relate to each other. We argue
that the complexity of the conflict in Somalia is due to the transformation of the
conflict from a civil war to a chaotic mixture of clan-based violence, terrorism, and
piracy. To solve this problem, we recommend a two-level
social contract approach that will be
people driven and address some of the major grievances
of key actors through a constitutional process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Somalia, Social Contract, Conflict Resolution, State-Building

Somali İç Savaşının Dönüşümü Ve Sosyal Sözleşme Barış İnşası Sürecine Yansımaları

Öz

Somali'de yaşanan çatışma, en son aşamasında
kanlı bir iç savaşın  terörle mücadeleye
dönüşmeye başlamasından bu yana otuz yıla yaklaşmaktadır. 1991'de ortaya çıkan
çatışmanın yıkıcı etkilerini üç kuşak deneyimlemeye devam etmektedir. Sayısız
barışı sağlama çabasına rağmen, uzun süren çatışmanın üstesinden gelmede çok az
başarı sağlandığı görülmektedir. Mevcut literatür, çatışmanın ana nedeni olarak
kabile kimliğinin ve zayıf yönetişimin rolünü vurgulamaktadır, ancak
sürdürülebilir barış inşası çabalarını sağlamada yetersiz kalmaktadır.  Bu makale, Somali'nin vatandaşlarını bir
millet olarak birbirine bağlayan ve hükümetle ilişkilerini güçlendiren
bağlarını çoktan yitirdiğini göstermektedir. Böylelikle makale, insanlar
arasında ve insanlar ile hükümet arasındaki sosyal sözleşmeyi canlandırmak için
daha detaylı çaba sarf edilmesini önermektedir. Yeni bir anayasal muafiyete
dayalı olarak önerilen iki aşamalı sosyal sözleşme, yalnızca insanlara yönelik
değil; aynı zamanda kilit aktörlerin kökleşmiş şikayetlerinin bir kısmını da
anayasal bir süreç aracılığıyla ele almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Somali, Sosyal Sözleşme, Uyuşmazlık Çözümü, Devlet İnşası

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