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Angela Carter’ın Nights at the Circus adlı romanında “Hibrid Öteki” Kavramı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 367 - 384, 25.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599059

Öz

Angela Carter’ın Nights at the Circus adlı romanı 1984 yılında yazılmış politik bir romandır, bu romanda, kuş-kadın Sophie Fevvers “Etin bilgeliğini” simgelemektedir, çünkü Fevvers’ ın hibrit bedeni Amerika ve Rusya’da yaşamakta olan yerli halkların geçmişlerine ve mitlerine ait, büyük bir bilgi barındırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu halkları simgeleyen bir Şaman ve bir hilebaz olan Sophie, (tüketici “Küçük Adam”) Kaliforniyalı Amerikalı haberci Walser’in “farklılıklara” ve “öteki” kavramlarına karşı bakış açısını değiştirecektir. Bilgiye karşı doyurulamaz açlığı yüzünden Walser, bir sirkte çalışan bu kuş kadına Londra’ dan St. Petersburg’a oradan da “Dünyanın Sonu” olan Rus Tundrasına uzanan yolculuğunda eşlik edecek ve deneyimsel bir öğrenme sürecine tabi tutulacaktır. Öykü anlatıcısı rolünü üstlenerek karşıt bir hikaye anlatan Angela Carter, karakterlerini “açık alan çöl’e” çekerek Sophie ve Walser’ın hikayesini anlatırken aslında doğal zenginlikleri sömürülen ve toprakları şizofrenik küresel güçler tarafından işgal edilen yerli halkların sıkıntılarını ve acılarını anlatmaktadır. Walser kuş dilini öğrenerek sömürülen ve sömüren arasında iletişimi yeniden mümkün kılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; “hybrid öteki” hakkındaki gerçekleri hayvan sembolizmi, Deleuze ve Guattari’ye ait minor edebiyat ve sanat, kadın–olma, hayvan-olma, göçebe, asemblaj kavramlarını Homi K. Bhabha’ın Üçüncü alan kavramı ile birlikte okuyarak “göçebe düşünce” bağlamında ele almak ve böylece Üçüncü düşünce alanı açarak, batılı ikili (binary) düşünce ile tarih boyu oluşturulmuş söylemleri yapı söküme uğratmak, eril ve tanrı merkezli düşüncelerden uzaklaşarak yerel karşıt öğretiler aracılığı ile global öğretileri sorgulamak, sınıflandırmacı ve sınırlayıcı bilgi yerine bu bilgileri aşacak özgürlükçü gerçek bilgiyi arama yolları sunmaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Bhabha, H. K. (2006). The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bowers, M. A. ( 2004). Magic(al) Realism. London and New York: Routledge.Carter, A. (1994). Nights at the Circus, Vintage.
  • Caliskan, D. (2017). The Third Space, The Desert and A New Genesis: Bodies, hallucunary Spaces and Hum/animalsin Angela Carter’s and Edward Abbey’s Fiction.. (Unpublished doctoral Dissertation). İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul,Turkey.
  • Creighton, J. (1992). Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years.New York: Twayne Publishers.
  • Colebrook, C. (2002). Gilles Deleuze. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Deleuze, G. (1994). Difference and Repetition. (Paul Patton, Trans.). New York: Colombia University Press. (Original work published 1968). Deleuze, G. (1995). Negotiations. (Martin Joughin, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. (original work published 1972-1990).
  • Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).
  • Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. (1987). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. (Brian Massumi, trans. and foreword). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1980).
  • Hoffman, D. (Ed.). (1979). Harvard Guide to American Writing. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: The Belknapp Press.
  • .Hynes, W. J, and Doty, William G. (Eds). (2009). Mythical Trickster Figures. Tuscaloosa, US: University Alabama Press. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 28 March 2016.Copyright © 2009. University Alabama Press. All rights reserved.
  • Parr, A. (2010). The Deleuze dictionary. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Internet sources 12. Arneil, M. B. (1992) 'All the World was America' John Locke and the American Indian. Retrieved from http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317765/1/283910.pdf
  • Divination. 2013 .Farnham, GB: Ashgate. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 23 February 2016.Copyright © 2013. Ashgate.
  • Leung, G. (2010). Nomadic Thinking, Critical Legal Thinking. Retrieved from http://criticallegalthinking.com/2010/09/16/nomadic-thinking/> Indian Country Today. (2014, April 5). Don’t Be Fooled: Latino = Indigenous. Indian Country Today. Retrieved from https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/
  • Spinoza, de B. (1677). A Political Treatise. Retrieved from https://www.dascolihum.com/uploads/CH_70_Spinoza_Political_Treatise.pdf Retrieved from: http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/s/spinoza/benedict/political/index.html – 2 April 2008
  • Sirin mythological creature of Russian legends (2017)..Beauty will save. Retrieved from https://viola.bz/sirin-mythological-creature-of-russian-legends
  • trickster, (2019). In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved from February 10, 2019, https:// www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20trickster

The Hybrid Other in Angela Carter's novel The Nights at the Circus

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 367 - 384, 25.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599059

Öz

Angela Carter’s political novel Nights at the Circus, written in 1984, presents the hybrid Sophie Fevvers as the personification of “Wisdom in the Flesh.” Her body conveys a huge body of knowledge related to indigenous history and myths. As a bird-woman, a shaman and a trickster figure she will change (the consumerist “Little Man“) Native Californian reporter Walser’s outlook related to “difference” and “the Other.” Angela Carter by locating her characters in the open land, creates a Third Space for thinking deconstructing the orphic discourses of the West. By using the devices of magical realism, she writes a counter story about the indigenous people of both Russia and America, showing the plight of these people whose lands are occupied by schizophrenic capitalist and globalist forces, which destroy the whole world with their progress and growth stories. With his new eco-self, he now will understand Fevvers, the “bird-woman” and enable the communication between the colonizer and the colonized. The aim of this paper; is to explore the realities and truths related to the (hybrid) ”different other“ through “animal symbolism” and Deleuze and Guattari concepts of “minor literature and art,” becoming woman, becoming animal, nomadism, assemblage and flight employing “nomadic thinking, “ to open up a Third Space in the mind as a site for the construction of new discourses deconstructing the dominant Western discourses created by binary oppositions and descentering man and God and questioning of the “grand narratives of growth and democracy“ in the quest for true knowledge in a Western oriented “global” world through counter local knowledges.

Kaynakça

  • Bhabha, H. K. (2006). The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bowers, M. A. ( 2004). Magic(al) Realism. London and New York: Routledge.Carter, A. (1994). Nights at the Circus, Vintage.
  • Caliskan, D. (2017). The Third Space, The Desert and A New Genesis: Bodies, hallucunary Spaces and Hum/animalsin Angela Carter’s and Edward Abbey’s Fiction.. (Unpublished doctoral Dissertation). İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul,Turkey.
  • Creighton, J. (1992). Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years.New York: Twayne Publishers.
  • Colebrook, C. (2002). Gilles Deleuze. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Deleuze, G. (1994). Difference and Repetition. (Paul Patton, Trans.). New York: Colombia University Press. (Original work published 1968). Deleuze, G. (1995). Negotiations. (Martin Joughin, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. (original work published 1972-1990).
  • Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).
  • Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. (1987). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. (Brian Massumi, trans. and foreword). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1980).
  • Hoffman, D. (Ed.). (1979). Harvard Guide to American Writing. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: The Belknapp Press.
  • .Hynes, W. J, and Doty, William G. (Eds). (2009). Mythical Trickster Figures. Tuscaloosa, US: University Alabama Press. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 28 March 2016.Copyright © 2009. University Alabama Press. All rights reserved.
  • Parr, A. (2010). The Deleuze dictionary. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Internet sources 12. Arneil, M. B. (1992) 'All the World was America' John Locke and the American Indian. Retrieved from http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317765/1/283910.pdf
  • Divination. 2013 .Farnham, GB: Ashgate. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 23 February 2016.Copyright © 2013. Ashgate.
  • Leung, G. (2010). Nomadic Thinking, Critical Legal Thinking. Retrieved from http://criticallegalthinking.com/2010/09/16/nomadic-thinking/> Indian Country Today. (2014, April 5). Don’t Be Fooled: Latino = Indigenous. Indian Country Today. Retrieved from https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/
  • Spinoza, de B. (1677). A Political Treatise. Retrieved from https://www.dascolihum.com/uploads/CH_70_Spinoza_Political_Treatise.pdf Retrieved from: http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/s/spinoza/benedict/political/index.html – 2 April 2008
  • Sirin mythological creature of Russian legends (2017)..Beauty will save. Retrieved from https://viola.bz/sirin-mythological-creature-of-russian-legends
  • trickster, (2019). In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved from February 10, 2019, https:// www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20trickster
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sanat ve Edebiyat
Bölüm İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı
Yazarlar

Dilek Caliskan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Kabul Tarihi 23 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Caliskan, D. (2020). The Hybrid Other in Angela Carter’s novel The Nights at the Circus. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(2), 367-384. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599059