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The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 702 - 727, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475

Öz

Every production element creates negative externality. In this study, the negative externality created by the transportation sector is investigated by extended environmental input-output analysis. In the WIOD input-output table, the transportation sector consists of three sectors as land transportation, air transportation and water transportation. As a result of the analysis carried out in this context, normalized total backward CO2 linkages coefficients are 0,4500 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0,8929 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation, and 0,3619 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation respectively. Normalized total forward CO2 linkages coefficients were found as 1.1895 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0.77840 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation and 0.3234 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether the transportation sectors' inter-period production chain changed structurally. It was concluded that the input components used in production did not differ significantly. It is predicted that the obtained results will increase even more in the post-covid-19 period and it is recommended to take measures and determine policies for a transportation system in which emission production is limited and renewable and sustainable environmentally friendly fuel types are preferred.

Kaynakça

  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2006). An input-Output Analysis of the" key" Sectors in CO2 Emissions From a Production Perspectiv0e: An Application to the Spanish Economy. Bellaterra: Departament d'Economia Aplicada University of Barcelona.
  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2009). Input–output subsystems and pollution: An application to the service sector and CO2 emissions in Spain. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 905-914.
  • Andrei, J., Mieila, M., Popescu, G.H., Nica, E. & Cristina, M. (2016). The impact and determinants of environmental taxation on economic growth communities in Romania. Energies, 9(11), 902.
  • Arto, I., Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. & Peters, G.P. (2014). Comparing the GTAP-MRIO and WIOD databases for carbon footprint analysis. Economic Systems Research, 26(3), 327-353.
  • Arto, O.I., Genty, A., Rueda-Cantuche, J. Villanueva, K.A. & Andreoni, V. (2012). Global Resources Use and Pollution: Vol. I, Production, Consumption and Trade (1995-2008). EUR 25462. Luxembourg: European Commission Joint Research.
  • Baker, S. (2006). Sustainable development. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Baumert, N., Kander, A., Jiborn, M., Kulionis, V. & Nielsen, T. (2019). Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment. Environmental Science & Policy, 92, 228-236.
  • Benli, Y. & Peker, S.C (2018). Elektirik tüketimi, CO2 emisyonu ve kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yalçın, A. (Ed.) Amprik bir çalışma. Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kitabı, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler içinde (287-294). (1. Cilt). Ankara:Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, J. (2019). Book review: Biodiversity and Ecological Economics: Participation, values and resource management. Pacific Economic Bulletin, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2016). İktisadi düşünceler tarihi. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Cadarso, M. Á., López, L. A., Gómez, N. & Tobarra, M. Á. (2010). CO2 emissions of international freight transport and offshoring: Measurement and allocation. Ecological Economics, 69(8), 1682-1694.
  • Cahen-Fourot, L., Campiglio, E., Dawkins, E., Godin, A. & Kemp-Benedict, E. (2020). Looking for the inverted pyramid: An application using input-output networks. Ecological Economics, 169, 106554.
  • Cansino, J.M., Sánchez-Braza, A. & Rodríguez-Arévalo, M.L. (2015). Driving forces of Spain׳ s CO2 emissions: Almdı decomposition approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 749-759.
  • Cella, G. (1984). The input‐output measurement of interindustry linkages. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 46(1), 73-84.
  • Chatellier, D.L. & Sheinbaum-Pardo, C. (2017). Assessing the ımpacts of final demand on CO2-eq emissions in the Mexican Economy: An ınput-output Analysis. Energy and Power Engineering, 9(1), 40-54.
  • Chenery, H. & Watanabe, B. (1958). Tsunehiko; “ınternational comparison of the structure of production”. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Chung, W., Zhou, G. & Yeung, I. M. (2013). A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China from 2003 to 2009. Applied Energy, 112, 1066-1077.
  • Corsatea, T. D., Lindner, S., Arto, I., Roman, M. V., Rueda-Cantuche, J. M., Afonso, A. V. & Neuwahl, F. (2019). World Input-Output Database Environmental Accounts. (No. JRC116234). Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2003). Çevre sorunlarına ekonomik yaklaşımlar ve optimal politika arayışları. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. & Los, B. (2000). Structural decomposition analyses with dependent determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Eamen, L., Brouwer, R. & Razavi, S. (2020). The economic impacts of water supply restrictions due to climate and policy change: A transboundary river basin supply-side input-output analysis. Ecological Economics, 106532.
  • EU SCIENCE HUB (2019). WIOD Environmental Accounts (2019). Retrieved 5 January 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/economic-environmental-and-social-effects-of-globalisation.
  • Genty, A., Arto, I. & Neuwahl, F. (2012). Final database of environmental satellite accounts: Technical report on their compilation. WIOD Deliverable, 4(6).
  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi kalkınma temelinde gayrimenkul ekonomisi. (1. Baskı). Ankara:Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hadjikakou, M. (2016). Trimming the excess: Environmental impacts of discretionary food consumption in Australia. Australia: Ecological Economics, 131(2017), 119–128.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical ıdentification of key sectors in the Indian economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hickel, J. (2020). The sustainable development index: Measuring the ecological efficiency of human development in the anthropocene. Ecological Economics, 167, 106331.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1978). The strategy of economic development. ( 1958 edition of the book could not be reached). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hotelling, H. (1931). The economics of exhaustible resources. Journal of Political Economy, 39, 2.
  • IEA-International Energy Agency, (2020). Türkiye’de 1990-2018 yılları arasında CO2 üretiminin sektörel dağılımı, Türkiye raporu. Retrieved 2 March 2020 from: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=TURKEY&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20sector.
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The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 702 - 727, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475

Öz

Every production element creates negative externality. In this study, the negative externality created by the transportation sector is investigated by extended environmental input-output analysis. In the WIOD input-output table, the transportation sector consists of three sectors as land transportation, air transportation and water transportation. As a result of the analysis carried out in this context, normalized total backward CO2 linkages coefficients are 0,4500 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0,8929 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation, and 0,3619 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation respectively. Normalized total forward CO2 linkages coefficients were found as 1.1895 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0.77840 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation and 0.3234 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether the transportation sectors' inter-period production chain changed structurally. It was concluded that the input components used in production did not differ significantly. It is predicted that the obtained results will increase even more in the post-covid-19 period and it is recommended to take measures and determine policies for a transportation system in which emission production is limited and renewable and sustainable environmentally friendly fuel types are preferred.

Kaynakça

  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2006). An input-Output Analysis of the" key" Sectors in CO2 Emissions From a Production Perspectiv0e: An Application to the Spanish Economy. Bellaterra: Departament d'Economia Aplicada University of Barcelona.
  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2009). Input–output subsystems and pollution: An application to the service sector and CO2 emissions in Spain. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 905-914.
  • Andrei, J., Mieila, M., Popescu, G.H., Nica, E. & Cristina, M. (2016). The impact and determinants of environmental taxation on economic growth communities in Romania. Energies, 9(11), 902.
  • Arto, I., Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. & Peters, G.P. (2014). Comparing the GTAP-MRIO and WIOD databases for carbon footprint analysis. Economic Systems Research, 26(3), 327-353.
  • Arto, O.I., Genty, A., Rueda-Cantuche, J. Villanueva, K.A. & Andreoni, V. (2012). Global Resources Use and Pollution: Vol. I, Production, Consumption and Trade (1995-2008). EUR 25462. Luxembourg: European Commission Joint Research.
  • Baker, S. (2006). Sustainable development. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Baumert, N., Kander, A., Jiborn, M., Kulionis, V. & Nielsen, T. (2019). Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment. Environmental Science & Policy, 92, 228-236.
  • Benli, Y. & Peker, S.C (2018). Elektirik tüketimi, CO2 emisyonu ve kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yalçın, A. (Ed.) Amprik bir çalışma. Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kitabı, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler içinde (287-294). (1. Cilt). Ankara:Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, J. (2019). Book review: Biodiversity and Ecological Economics: Participation, values and resource management. Pacific Economic Bulletin, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2016). İktisadi düşünceler tarihi. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Cadarso, M. Á., López, L. A., Gómez, N. & Tobarra, M. Á. (2010). CO2 emissions of international freight transport and offshoring: Measurement and allocation. Ecological Economics, 69(8), 1682-1694.
  • Cahen-Fourot, L., Campiglio, E., Dawkins, E., Godin, A. & Kemp-Benedict, E. (2020). Looking for the inverted pyramid: An application using input-output networks. Ecological Economics, 169, 106554.
  • Cansino, J.M., Sánchez-Braza, A. & Rodríguez-Arévalo, M.L. (2015). Driving forces of Spain׳ s CO2 emissions: Almdı decomposition approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 749-759.
  • Cella, G. (1984). The input‐output measurement of interindustry linkages. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 46(1), 73-84.
  • Chatellier, D.L. & Sheinbaum-Pardo, C. (2017). Assessing the ımpacts of final demand on CO2-eq emissions in the Mexican Economy: An ınput-output Analysis. Energy and Power Engineering, 9(1), 40-54.
  • Chenery, H. & Watanabe, B. (1958). Tsunehiko; “ınternational comparison of the structure of production”. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Chung, W., Zhou, G. & Yeung, I. M. (2013). A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China from 2003 to 2009. Applied Energy, 112, 1066-1077.
  • Corsatea, T. D., Lindner, S., Arto, I., Roman, M. V., Rueda-Cantuche, J. M., Afonso, A. V. & Neuwahl, F. (2019). World Input-Output Database Environmental Accounts. (No. JRC116234). Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2003). Çevre sorunlarına ekonomik yaklaşımlar ve optimal politika arayışları. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. & Los, B. (2000). Structural decomposition analyses with dependent determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Eamen, L., Brouwer, R. & Razavi, S. (2020). The economic impacts of water supply restrictions due to climate and policy change: A transboundary river basin supply-side input-output analysis. Ecological Economics, 106532.
  • EU SCIENCE HUB (2019). WIOD Environmental Accounts (2019). Retrieved 5 January 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/economic-environmental-and-social-effects-of-globalisation.
  • Genty, A., Arto, I. & Neuwahl, F. (2012). Final database of environmental satellite accounts: Technical report on their compilation. WIOD Deliverable, 4(6).
  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi kalkınma temelinde gayrimenkul ekonomisi. (1. Baskı). Ankara:Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hadjikakou, M. (2016). Trimming the excess: Environmental impacts of discretionary food consumption in Australia. Australia: Ecological Economics, 131(2017), 119–128.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical ıdentification of key sectors in the Indian economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hickel, J. (2020). The sustainable development index: Measuring the ecological efficiency of human development in the anthropocene. Ecological Economics, 167, 106331.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1978). The strategy of economic development. ( 1958 edition of the book could not be reached). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hotelling, H. (1931). The economics of exhaustible resources. Journal of Political Economy, 39, 2.
  • IEA-International Energy Agency, (2020). Türkiye’de 1990-2018 yılları arasında CO2 üretiminin sektörel dağılımı, Türkiye raporu. Retrieved 2 March 2020 from: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=TURKEY&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20sector.
  • KENTGES, (2010). Bütünleşik Kentsel Gelişme Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı 2010-2023. Ankara.
  • Korum, U. (1963). Input-output analizi. (Yayın No. 164-146). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and ıncome ınequality. American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Küçükkiremitçi, O. & Güler, İ. (2020). Ticaret savaşları ekseninde türkiye’de üretimin ithalata bağımlılık düzeyinin dönemler arası benzerlik analizi. Çetinkaya, M. & Muratoğlu, G. (Ed.) Ticaret ve kur savaşları-küresel ekonomik politiğe yansımaları küresel ekonomik politiğe yansımaları içinde (119-156). (1. Baskı).Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
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  • Newton, P., Prasad, D., Sproul, A. & White S. (2019). Decorbonising the built environment charting the transation. Australia: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • Önder, H. G. (2017). Principles and goals of sustainable transportation. Koleva I., Yüksel, Ü. D. & Benaabıdate, L. (Ed.) Ecology, planning and desıgn içinde (Chapter 21: 218-225). Sofia:St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.
  • Önder, H. G. (2020). Kadın duyarlı ulaşım önceliklerinin belirlenmesi ve politika üretimi: Ankara örneği. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(23), 1-1.
  • Önder, H.G. & Akdemir, F. (2019). Türkiye’deki kentiçi raylı toplu taşıma sistemlerinin ulaşım ana planları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi. Demiryolu Mühendisliği, 10, 23-37.
  • Özeş, R. & Çağatay, S. (2013). Ulaştırma sektörü ve hanehalkı enerji tüketiminde alternatif enerji kullanımının çevresel ve ekonomik etkileri. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3, 158-180.
  • Peker, H. S. (2015). Energy supply security of turkey and measuring: An application on Turkey's energy supply security. Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economcs et Admimistrative Sciences, 5(2), 763.
  • Proops, J., Faber, M. & Wagenhals, G. (2012). Reducing CO2 emissions: A comparative ınput-output-study for Germany and the UK. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Quesnay, F. (1758). Tableau economique. Kuczynski, M. & Meek, R. L. (Eds.)., In: Quesnay's Tableau Economique. Macmillan, London.
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  • Renner, S. (2017). Poverty and distributional effects of a carbon tax in Mexico. (No. 223). Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth-Discussion Papers.
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  • Sun, C., Chen, L. & Huang, G. (2020). Decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions embodied in the ınternational trade of Russia. Sustainability, 12(1), 323.
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  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, (2010). Ulusal İklim Değişikliği Stratejisi 2010-2023. Ankara.
  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, (2011). İklim Değişikliği Eylem Planı 2011-2023. Ankara.
  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, (2019a). Ulusal Akıllı Şehirler Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. Ankara.
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Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm İktisat
Yazarlar

İlkay Güler 0000-0003-1289-6652

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, İ. (2020). The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 702-727. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475