Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 671 - 686, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.784414

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Barnes, P. (2020, February 5). Brexit: What happens now?. BBC. Retrieved 15 May 2020 from: https://www.bbc.com
  • CVCE. (n.d.). Final communiqué of the Hague Summit (2 December 1969). Retrieved 23 April 2020 from: http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1997/10/13/33078789-8030-49c8-b4e0-15d053834507/publishable_en.pdf
  • De Best, R. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) death rate in countries with confirmed deaths and over 1,000 reported cases as of July 1, 2020, by country. Statista. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1105914/coronavirus-death-rates-worldwide/
  • EC Migration and Home Affairs. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/reintroduction-border-control_en
  • EU Council head tries to win over ‘frugal four’ on budget. (2020, July 10). The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July from: https://www.nytimes.com
  • Eur-lex. (1957). The Treaty of Rome. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/archives/emu_history/documents/treaties/rometreaty2.pdf
  • Eur-lex. (1992). Treaty on European Union, Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11992M/TXT&from=EN
  • Eur-lex. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon. Retrieved 4 June 2020 from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:FULL&from=EN
  • Eur-lex. (n.d.)a. Glossary of Summaries: Widening and Deepening. Retrieved 27 March 2020 from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/deepening_european_integration.html
  • Eur-lex. (n.d.)b. Schengen Borders Code Retrieved 9 July from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:l14514&from=EN
  • Europa. (n.d.). The EU motto. Retrieved 7 April 2020 from: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/symbols/motto_en
  • European Commission (EC) (2018). Solidarity in Europe Alive and Active, Publication Office of the EU. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9adba623-d66f-11e8-9424-01aa75ed71a1
  • European Commission (EC). (2020)a. Timeline of EU Action, Retrieved 1 June 2020 from https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/timeline-eu-action_en
  • European Commission (EC). (2020)b. EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/civil-protection/mechanism_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)a. Schengen Agreement and Convention. Retrieved 20 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/e-library/glossary/schengen-agreement-convention_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)b. Schengen Area. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)c. European Solidarity: Refugee Relocation System, Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/2_eu_solidarity_a_refugee_relocation_system_en.pdf
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)d. Member States’notifications of the temporary reintroduction of border control at internal borders pursuant to Article 25 and 28 et seg. of the Schengen Borders Code. Retrieved 22 August 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/reintroduction-border-control/docs/ms_notifications_-_reintroduction_of_border_control_en.pdf
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d)e. Travel and Transportation during the coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/travel-and-transportation-during-coronavirus-pandemic_en
  • European Commission (EU). (2020)c. European Commission’s Coronavirus Response Team. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/european-commissions-action-coronavirus_en
  • European Council. (2019). Greece: the third economic adjustment programme. Retrieved 21 August 2020 from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/financial-assistance-eurozone-members/greece-programme/
  • European Council. (2020, January 30). Brexit: Council adopts decision to conclude the withdrawal agreement [Press release]. Retrieved 6 April 2020 from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/01/30/brexit-council-adopts-decision-to-conclude-the-withdrawal-agreement/
  • European Parliament (EP). (2020). Public Opinion in the EU in Time of Coronavirus Crisis. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20200527RES79925/20200527RES79925.pdf
  • European Stability Mechanism (ESM). (n.d.), History. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from: https://www.esm.europa.eu/about-us/history.
  • Evans, T. (2011). The crisis in the euro area. International Journal of Labour Research, 3(1), 97-113.
  • Frontex. (n.d.). Migratory Routes. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://frontex.europa.eu/along-eu-borders/migratory-routes/eastern-mediterranean-route/
  • Gerhards, J., Lengfeld, H., Ignácz, Z.S., Kley, F.K. & Priem, M. (2018). How Strong Is European Solidarity? BSSE Working Paper, No. 37.
  • Hall, P.A. (2018). Varieties of capitalism in light of the euro crisis. Journal of European Publıc Policy, 25(1), 7–30.
  • Hocaoğlu Bahadır, N. (2019). Responses of the visegrad states to the migration crisis and the European identity. In Y. Bayar (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Social and Economic Development in the European Union, 381-399: IGI Global.
  • Marzocchi, O. (2020). Free movement of Persons, Fact Sheets on the European Union, European Parliament. Retrieved 20 June 2020 from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_4.1.3.pdf
  • Newman, A. (2015). The reluctant leader Germany’s euro experience and the long shadow of reunification. In M. Matthijs and M. Blyth (Ed), The Future of the Euro, 117-135: New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parkinson, G. (2020, March 24). COVID-19 timeline betrays European countries’ different responses. Retrieved 2 July 2020 from: https://newseu.cgtn.com
  • Parsons, C. & Matthijs, M. (2015). European integration past, present, and future moving forward through crisis? In M. Matthijs and M. Blyth (Ed), The Future of the Euro, 210-232: New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Perrigo, B. (2020, April 17). Coronavirus could hit the U.K. harder than any other European country. Here's What Went Wrong, Time. Retrieved 3 July 2020 from: https://time.com
  • Rankin, J. (2020, May 2). UK seeks access to EU health cooperation in the light of coronavirus, The Guardian. Retrieved 3 July 2020 from: https://www.theguardian.com
  • Results: UK votes to leave the EU. (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved 3 June 2020 from: https://www.bbc.com
  • Sangiovanni, A. (2013). Solidarity in the European Union. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 33(2), 213-241.
  • Schuette, L. (2019). Comparing the politicisation of EU integration during the Euro and Schengen Crises. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 15(4), 380-400.
  • Siebold, A. (2017). Open borders as an act of solidarity among peoples, between states or with migrants: changing applications of solidarity within the Schengen process. European Review of History: Revenue europeenne d’histoire, 24(6), 991-1006.
  • Vollaard, H. (2018). European disintegration a search for explanations. London: Macmillan.
  • Wallascheek, S. (2020). Framing solidarity in the euro crisis: A comparison of the German and Irish media discourses. New Political Economy, 25(2), 231-247.
  • Webber, D. (2019). European Disintegration? The politics of Crisis in the European Union. London: Red Globe Press.
  • WHO (2020, April 27). Archived: WHO Timeline COVID-19. Retrieved 2 July 2020 from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19?gclid=CjwKCAjwi_b3BRAGEiwAemPNUzdmm8gFxn0U6ViggVK6LatqnVT1lb6UBT3EeOno8LDa04QnMvh5dxoCohwQAvD_BwE
  • Worldometer (n.d.). COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved 20 August 2020 from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

European Union's Solidarity, Unity in Diversity and Free Movemennt in the Coronavirus Crisis

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 671 - 686, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.784414

Öz

The EU succeeded many things by bringing and sustaining peace, stability and prosperity to the old and exhausted continent after the II. World War. The EU achieved this by first starting with economic collaboration but over time, it has enlarged and deepened by penetrating to political and social lives of the member countries. However, the presence of the EU has been tested since it was established and EU has overcome the crises. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the EU has experienced many crises such as constitutional crisis, economic crisis, migration crisis, Brexit and now coronavirus crisis. The concepts of “solidarity”, “unity in diversity” and “free movement” which are components of values and achievements have also been tested and questioned. In this research, it is questioned how the coronavirus crisis affects the values and achievements of the EU. This crisis can be a war of existence for the EU itself and its values. It is obvious that the states will take a major blow in this crisis but the EU will be facing with more. Even if it is not easy to see what will happen when the crisis is over it is clear that many things will change.

Kaynakça

  • Barnes, P. (2020, February 5). Brexit: What happens now?. BBC. Retrieved 15 May 2020 from: https://www.bbc.com
  • CVCE. (n.d.). Final communiqué of the Hague Summit (2 December 1969). Retrieved 23 April 2020 from: http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1997/10/13/33078789-8030-49c8-b4e0-15d053834507/publishable_en.pdf
  • De Best, R. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) death rate in countries with confirmed deaths and over 1,000 reported cases as of July 1, 2020, by country. Statista. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1105914/coronavirus-death-rates-worldwide/
  • EC Migration and Home Affairs. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/reintroduction-border-control_en
  • EU Council head tries to win over ‘frugal four’ on budget. (2020, July 10). The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July from: https://www.nytimes.com
  • Eur-lex. (1957). The Treaty of Rome. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/archives/emu_history/documents/treaties/rometreaty2.pdf
  • Eur-lex. (1992). Treaty on European Union, Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11992M/TXT&from=EN
  • Eur-lex. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon. Retrieved 4 June 2020 from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:FULL&from=EN
  • Eur-lex. (n.d.)a. Glossary of Summaries: Widening and Deepening. Retrieved 27 March 2020 from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/deepening_european_integration.html
  • Eur-lex. (n.d.)b. Schengen Borders Code Retrieved 9 July from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:l14514&from=EN
  • Europa. (n.d.). The EU motto. Retrieved 7 April 2020 from: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/symbols/motto_en
  • European Commission (EC) (2018). Solidarity in Europe Alive and Active, Publication Office of the EU. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9adba623-d66f-11e8-9424-01aa75ed71a1
  • European Commission (EC). (2020)a. Timeline of EU Action, Retrieved 1 June 2020 from https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/timeline-eu-action_en
  • European Commission (EC). (2020)b. EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/civil-protection/mechanism_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)a. Schengen Agreement and Convention. Retrieved 20 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/e-library/glossary/schengen-agreement-convention_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)b. Schengen Area. Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen_en
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)c. European Solidarity: Refugee Relocation System, Retrieved 5 June 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/2_eu_solidarity_a_refugee_relocation_system_en.pdf
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d.)d. Member States’notifications of the temporary reintroduction of border control at internal borders pursuant to Article 25 and 28 et seg. of the Schengen Borders Code. Retrieved 22 August 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/reintroduction-border-control/docs/ms_notifications_-_reintroduction_of_border_control_en.pdf
  • European Commission (EC). (n.d)e. Travel and Transportation during the coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/travel-and-transportation-during-coronavirus-pandemic_en
  • European Commission (EU). (2020)c. European Commission’s Coronavirus Response Team. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/european-commissions-action-coronavirus_en
  • European Council. (2019). Greece: the third economic adjustment programme. Retrieved 21 August 2020 from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/financial-assistance-eurozone-members/greece-programme/
  • European Council. (2020, January 30). Brexit: Council adopts decision to conclude the withdrawal agreement [Press release]. Retrieved 6 April 2020 from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/01/30/brexit-council-adopts-decision-to-conclude-the-withdrawal-agreement/
  • European Parliament (EP). (2020). Public Opinion in the EU in Time of Coronavirus Crisis. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20200527RES79925/20200527RES79925.pdf
  • European Stability Mechanism (ESM). (n.d.), History. Retrieved 12 July 2020 from: https://www.esm.europa.eu/about-us/history.
  • Evans, T. (2011). The crisis in the euro area. International Journal of Labour Research, 3(1), 97-113.
  • Frontex. (n.d.). Migratory Routes. Retrieved 15 July 2020 from: https://frontex.europa.eu/along-eu-borders/migratory-routes/eastern-mediterranean-route/
  • Gerhards, J., Lengfeld, H., Ignácz, Z.S., Kley, F.K. & Priem, M. (2018). How Strong Is European Solidarity? BSSE Working Paper, No. 37.
  • Hall, P.A. (2018). Varieties of capitalism in light of the euro crisis. Journal of European Publıc Policy, 25(1), 7–30.
  • Hocaoğlu Bahadır, N. (2019). Responses of the visegrad states to the migration crisis and the European identity. In Y. Bayar (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Social and Economic Development in the European Union, 381-399: IGI Global.
  • Marzocchi, O. (2020). Free movement of Persons, Fact Sheets on the European Union, European Parliament. Retrieved 20 June 2020 from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_4.1.3.pdf
  • Newman, A. (2015). The reluctant leader Germany’s euro experience and the long shadow of reunification. In M. Matthijs and M. Blyth (Ed), The Future of the Euro, 117-135: New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parkinson, G. (2020, March 24). COVID-19 timeline betrays European countries’ different responses. Retrieved 2 July 2020 from: https://newseu.cgtn.com
  • Parsons, C. & Matthijs, M. (2015). European integration past, present, and future moving forward through crisis? In M. Matthijs and M. Blyth (Ed), The Future of the Euro, 210-232: New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Perrigo, B. (2020, April 17). Coronavirus could hit the U.K. harder than any other European country. Here's What Went Wrong, Time. Retrieved 3 July 2020 from: https://time.com
  • Rankin, J. (2020, May 2). UK seeks access to EU health cooperation in the light of coronavirus, The Guardian. Retrieved 3 July 2020 from: https://www.theguardian.com
  • Results: UK votes to leave the EU. (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved 3 June 2020 from: https://www.bbc.com
  • Sangiovanni, A. (2013). Solidarity in the European Union. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 33(2), 213-241.
  • Schuette, L. (2019). Comparing the politicisation of EU integration during the Euro and Schengen Crises. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 15(4), 380-400.
  • Siebold, A. (2017). Open borders as an act of solidarity among peoples, between states or with migrants: changing applications of solidarity within the Schengen process. European Review of History: Revenue europeenne d’histoire, 24(6), 991-1006.
  • Vollaard, H. (2018). European disintegration a search for explanations. London: Macmillan.
  • Wallascheek, S. (2020). Framing solidarity in the euro crisis: A comparison of the German and Irish media discourses. New Political Economy, 25(2), 231-247.
  • Webber, D. (2019). European Disintegration? The politics of Crisis in the European Union. London: Red Globe Press.
  • WHO (2020, April 27). Archived: WHO Timeline COVID-19. Retrieved 2 July 2020 from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19?gclid=CjwKCAjwi_b3BRAGEiwAemPNUzdmm8gFxn0U6ViggVK6LatqnVT1lb6UBT3EeOno8LDa04QnMvh5dxoCohwQAvD_BwE
  • Worldometer (n.d.). COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved 20 August 2020 from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler
Yazarlar

Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır 0000-0002-3723-5554

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue

Kaynak Göster

APA Hocaoğlu Bahadır, N. (2020). European Union’s Solidarity, Unity in Diversity and Free Movemennt in the Coronavirus Crisis. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 671-686. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.784414