COVID-19 Pandemisinin Petrol ve Altın Fiyatları Üzerine Etkisi: Parametrik Olmayan Eştümleşme Sıra Testi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 633 - 646, 31.10.2020
Emre Çevik
,
Esin Cumhur Yalçın
,
Selin Özdemir Yazgan
Öz
Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 toplam vaka sayısı ile brent petrol ve altın ons fiyatları arasındaki uzun dönemli eştümleşme ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Analiz dönemi olarak 31 Aralık 2019 ile 17 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arası günlük frekansta veriler kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki eştümleşme ilişkisi, Nielsen (2010) tarafından önerilen parametrik olmayan yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, toplam vaka sayısı ile petrol ve altın fiyatları arasında hem ikili hem de üçlü olarak eştümleşik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durumun da COVID-19 virüsünün ülke ekonomilerini ve finans piyasalarını etkileyeceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Albulescu, C. (2020). Coronavirus and oil price crash. Available at SSRN 3553452. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3553452.
- Corbet, S., Larkin, C., ve Lucey, B. (2020). The contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies. Finance Research Letters, 35(101554), 1-7.
- Çöl, M. ve Güneş, G. (2020). COVID-19 salgınına genel bakış. COVID-19, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi,
- Dutta, A., Das, D., Jana, R.K. ve Vo, X.V. (2020). COVID-19 and oil market crash: Revisiting the safe haven property of gold and Bitcoin. Resources Policy, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101816.
- EIA. (2020). Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (Dollars per Barrel). Erişim tarihi: 18.08.2020, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=RBRTE&f=D.
- FRED (2020). M2 money stock. 21.08.2020, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2.
- Gharib, C., Mefteh-Wali, S. ve Jabeur, S.B. (2020). The bubble contagion effect of COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from crude oil and gold markets. Finance Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101703.
- Gülhan, Ü. (2020). Kovid-19 pandemisinin altın fiyatlarına etkisi: ARDL analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(3), 1111-1125.
- Gürsoy, S., Tunçel, M.B. ve Sayar, B. (2020). Koronavirüsün (COVID-19) finansal göstergeler
üzerine etkileri, Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, 3(1), 20-32.
- ILO, (2020). Dünyada COVID-19 krizine yönelik sosyal koruma tedbirleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2020, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-ankara/documents/briefingnote/wcms_741444.pdf.
- Marinucci, D. ve Robinson, P.M. (2000). Weak convergence of multivariate fractional
processes. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications. 86, 103–120.
- Mensi, W., Sensoy, A., Vo, X.V. ve Kang, S.H. (2020) Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on asymmetric multifractality of gold and oil prices, Resources Policy, 101829, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101829.
- Nielsen, M.Ø. (2009). A powerful test of the autoregressive unit root hypothesis based
on a tuning parameter free statistic. Econometric Theory, 25, 1515–1544.
- Nielsen, M.Ø. (2010). Nonparametric cointegration analysis of fractional systems with unknown integration orders. Journal of Econometrics, 155, 170-187.
- Our World in Data. (2020). Our World in Data COVID-19 dataset. Erişim tarihi: 18.08.2020, https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data.
- Queensland Healt, (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) – everything you need to know, in language you can understand, 21.08.2020, https://www.health.qld.gov.au/news-events/news/novel-coronavirus-covid-19-sars-queensland-australia-how-to-understand-protect-prevent-spread-symptoms-treatment.
- Phillips, P.C.B. ve Ouliaris, S. (1988). Testing for cointegration using principal components methods. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,12, 205–230.
- Sansa, N. A. (2020). Analysis for the impact of the COVID-19 to the petrol price in China. Available at SSRN 3547413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547413.
- Sarı, S.S. ve Kartal, T. (2020). COVID-19 salgınının altın fiyatları, petrol fiyatları ve VIX endeksi ile arasındaki ilişki, Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 93-109.
- Sharif, A., Aloui, C. ve Yarovaya, L. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the waveletbased approach. International Review of Financial Analysis, (70) 101496.
- Shintani, M. (2001). A simple cointegrating rank test without vector autoregression. Journal of Econometrics 105, 337–362.
- Stock, J.H. ve Watson, M.W. (1988). Testing for common trends. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 404, 1097–1107.
- Şenol, Z. (2020). Para ve finans: COVID-19 krizi ve finansal piyasalar, Ankara: İksad Publishing House, 75-121.
Şit, A. ve Telek, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin altın ons fiyatı ve dolar endeksi üzerine etkileri, Gaziantep
University Journal Of Social Sciences 2020 Special Issue, 1-13.
- WHO (2003). Cumulative number of reported probable cases of SARS. 21.08.2020, https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_07_11/en/
- WHO (2018). WHO MERS Global summary and assessment of Risk. 21.08.2020, https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/risk-assessment-august-2018.pdf
- Yahoo Finance. (2020). Gold Dec 20 (GC=F) historical data. 18.08.2020, https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/quote/GC=F/.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 633 - 646, 31.10.2020
Emre Çevik
,
Esin Cumhur Yalçın
,
Selin Özdemir Yazgan
Kaynakça
- Albulescu, C. (2020). Coronavirus and oil price crash. Available at SSRN 3553452. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3553452.
- Corbet, S., Larkin, C., ve Lucey, B. (2020). The contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies. Finance Research Letters, 35(101554), 1-7.
- Çöl, M. ve Güneş, G. (2020). COVID-19 salgınına genel bakış. COVID-19, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi,
- Dutta, A., Das, D., Jana, R.K. ve Vo, X.V. (2020). COVID-19 and oil market crash: Revisiting the safe haven property of gold and Bitcoin. Resources Policy, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101816.
- EIA. (2020). Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (Dollars per Barrel). Erişim tarihi: 18.08.2020, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=RBRTE&f=D.
- FRED (2020). M2 money stock. 21.08.2020, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2.
- Gharib, C., Mefteh-Wali, S. ve Jabeur, S.B. (2020). The bubble contagion effect of COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from crude oil and gold markets. Finance Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101703.
- Gülhan, Ü. (2020). Kovid-19 pandemisinin altın fiyatlarına etkisi: ARDL analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(3), 1111-1125.
- Gürsoy, S., Tunçel, M.B. ve Sayar, B. (2020). Koronavirüsün (COVID-19) finansal göstergeler
üzerine etkileri, Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, 3(1), 20-32.
- ILO, (2020). Dünyada COVID-19 krizine yönelik sosyal koruma tedbirleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2020, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-ankara/documents/briefingnote/wcms_741444.pdf.
- Marinucci, D. ve Robinson, P.M. (2000). Weak convergence of multivariate fractional
processes. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications. 86, 103–120.
- Mensi, W., Sensoy, A., Vo, X.V. ve Kang, S.H. (2020) Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on asymmetric multifractality of gold and oil prices, Resources Policy, 101829, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101829.
- Nielsen, M.Ø. (2009). A powerful test of the autoregressive unit root hypothesis based
on a tuning parameter free statistic. Econometric Theory, 25, 1515–1544.
- Nielsen, M.Ø. (2010). Nonparametric cointegration analysis of fractional systems with unknown integration orders. Journal of Econometrics, 155, 170-187.
- Our World in Data. (2020). Our World in Data COVID-19 dataset. Erişim tarihi: 18.08.2020, https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data.
- Queensland Healt, (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) – everything you need to know, in language you can understand, 21.08.2020, https://www.health.qld.gov.au/news-events/news/novel-coronavirus-covid-19-sars-queensland-australia-how-to-understand-protect-prevent-spread-symptoms-treatment.
- Phillips, P.C.B. ve Ouliaris, S. (1988). Testing for cointegration using principal components methods. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,12, 205–230.
- Sansa, N. A. (2020). Analysis for the impact of the COVID-19 to the petrol price in China. Available at SSRN 3547413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547413.
- Sarı, S.S. ve Kartal, T. (2020). COVID-19 salgınının altın fiyatları, petrol fiyatları ve VIX endeksi ile arasındaki ilişki, Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 93-109.
- Sharif, A., Aloui, C. ve Yarovaya, L. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the waveletbased approach. International Review of Financial Analysis, (70) 101496.
- Shintani, M. (2001). A simple cointegrating rank test without vector autoregression. Journal of Econometrics 105, 337–362.
- Stock, J.H. ve Watson, M.W. (1988). Testing for common trends. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 404, 1097–1107.
- Şenol, Z. (2020). Para ve finans: COVID-19 krizi ve finansal piyasalar, Ankara: İksad Publishing House, 75-121.
Şit, A. ve Telek, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin altın ons fiyatı ve dolar endeksi üzerine etkileri, Gaziantep
University Journal Of Social Sciences 2020 Special Issue, 1-13.
- WHO (2003). Cumulative number of reported probable cases of SARS. 21.08.2020, https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_07_11/en/
- WHO (2018). WHO MERS Global summary and assessment of Risk. 21.08.2020, https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/risk-assessment-august-2018.pdf
- Yahoo Finance. (2020). Gold Dec 20 (GC=F) historical data. 18.08.2020, https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/quote/GC=F/.