Araştırma Makalesi
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Ekonomik Büyüme ve Ekonomik Coğrafya Teorileri Bağlamında Uluslararası Ticaret ve Sanayileşme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bölgesel Analiz

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 1649 - 1669, 30.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.738625

Öz

20. Yüzyıl boyunca ülkelerin kalkınma düzeyi genel itibariyle sanayileşme seviyeleri ile ilişkilendirilmekteydi. 21. Yüzyılda gelişmiş ülke ekonomilerinde sanayi üretimleri payı nispeten azalırken gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınma süreçleri yine sanayileşme seviyeleri ile ölçülmektedir. Sanayi sektörü istihdam, katma değer, teknolojik gelişim ve birçok pozitif dışsallığı ile ekonominin en önemli sektörü olmaya devam etmektedir. Gelişmiş ülkelerden nispeten daha az gelişmiş ülkelere doğru sanayi üretimin kayması dış ticaretin serbestleşmesi ve küreselleşme seviyesinin artması ile daha da hızlanmıştır. Küreselleşme bazı ülkelerin sanayileşme sürecini hızlandırırken bazılarında sanayisizleşmeye yol açmaktadır. Bu konuda teorik olarak fikir birliği sağlanmış değildir. Modern Ekonomik Büyüme ve Ekonomik Coğrafya teorilerinin inceleme alanına giren bu konuyla ilgili ampirik çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu çalışmada 2004-2018 yılları arası Türkiye İBS Düzey 2 bölgeleri için sanayileşme ve uluslararası ticaret ilişkisinin ilgili teoriler bağlamında ekonometrik yöntemler kullanılarak ampirik incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bölgesel düzeyde Türkiye için böyle bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye'nin Düzey 2 Bölgeleri kendi arasındaki oranları büyük ölçüde korumakla birlikte sanayileşmeye devam etmektedir. Uluslararası ticareti temsilen eklediğimiz değişkenler ve ilgili literatüre dayanarak eklediğimiz değişkenlerin çalışmanın kapsadığı yıllar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların ülkemizin bölgesel sanayi gelişimine yönelik başta dış ticaret politikaları ve alan seçimi politikalarının oluşturulmasında yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın, çalışma kapsamına girmeyen yakın konuların da araştırılması için fikir verici olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alderson, A., S. (1999). Explaining deindustrialization: globalization, failure, or success?, American Sociological Review, 64(5), 701-721.
  • Arslan, G., E. (2019). Küresel kapitalizmin sanayileşme stratejisi “ihracata yönelik sanayileşme stratejisi” iflas mi etti?, Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 151-171.
  • Bai, J. & Ng, S. (2004). A panic attack on unit roots and cointegration, Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
  • Balassa, B. (1967). Trade creation and trade diversion in the european common market, The Economic Journal, 77(305), 1-21.
  • Baldwin, R. & Venables, A., J.(2015). Trade policy and industrialisation when backward and forward linkages matter, Research in Economics, 69(2), 123-131.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2007). Heterogeneity and cross section dependence in panel data models: theory and applications introduction, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 229-232.
  • Breitung, J. & Das, S. (2005). “Panel unit root tests under cross‐sectional dependence”, Statistica Neerlandica, 59(4), 414-433.
  • Breuer, M. R, & Wallace M (2002). Series-specific unit root tests with panel data, Oxford Bullertin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), 527-545.
  • Breusch, T.S. & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics, Review of Economic Studies, 47, 239-253.
  • Bond, E.W., Jones, R.W. & Wang, P. (2005). Economic takeoffs in a dynamic process of globalization, Review of International Economics, (13), 1–19.
  • Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. L., Barrio, T. & López-Bazo, E. (2005). Breaking the panels: an application to GDP per capita, Econometrics Journal, (8), 159-175.
  • Choi, I. (2001). “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, (20), 249-272.
  • Collins, S., M. & Bosworth, B. (1996). Economic growth in east asia: accumulation versus assimilation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 27(2), 135-204.
  • Christiaans, T. (2008). International trade and industrialization in a non-scale model of economic growth, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 19, 221–236.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Francis T. (2010). Mangos in the tundra? spatial heterogeneity in agricultural productivity analysis, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford, unpublished working paper.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Francis T. (2011). Econometrics for grumblers: a new look at the literature on cross-country growth empirics, Journal of Economic Surveys, 25(1), 109-155.
  • Egeli, H. A. (2001). Dış ticaret açisindan sanayileşme stratejileri ve türkiye açisindan değerlendirilmesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 149-161.
  • Ethier, W., J. (1982). Decreasing costs in international trade and frank graham's argument for protection, Econometrics, 50(5), 1243-1268.
  • Fracasso, A. & Vittucci M., G. (2015). International trade and R&D spillovers, Journal of International Economics, 96(1), 138-149.
  • Grossman, G., M. & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, knowledge spillovers and growth, NBER working papers, (3485), 1-17.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). “Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data”, The Econometrics Journal, 2(3), 148-161.
  • Henderson, J. V. (1974). The sizes and types of cities, The American Economic Review, 64(4), 640-656.
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, (115), 53-74.
  • Isard, W. (1949). The general theory of location and space-economy, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(4), 476–506.
  • Jenkins, R. & Sen, K. (2006) International trade and manufacturing employment in the south: four country case studies, Oxford Development Studies, 34(3), 299-322.
  • Koll, J. (1995). Extent and evaluation of protection in developing countries, Open Economics Review, (6), 81-104.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2009). Explaining Deindustrialization: How Affluence, Productivity Growth, and Globalization Diminish Manufacturing Employment, AJS, 6(114), 1644-1674.
  • Krugman, P. (1985). Increasing returns and the theory of international trade, NBER working paper series,(1752), 1-56.
  • Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499.
  • Krugman, P. (1995). Increasing returns, imperfect competition and the positive theory of international trade, Handbook of International Economics, (3), 1243-1277.
  • Krugman, P., & Elizondo, R. L. (1996). Trade policy and the third world metropolis, Journal of Development Economics, (49), 137-50.
  • Kuznets, P., W. (1988). An East Asian model of economic development: Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 11-43.
  • Lau, L. J., & Kim, J-I. (1994). The sources of economic growth of the east asian newly industrializing countries, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, (8), 235-271.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. & Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, (108), 1-24.
  • Lösch, A. (1938). The nature of economic regions, South Economic Journals,(5), 71–78.
  • Maddala G.S. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and new simple test, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, (Special issue), 631-652.
  • Manisalı, E. (1975). Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için sanayileşme politikaları, Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020, https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/1CD58DF90A/7F59F138B7E94ADD8A39F0F543DCBDCD?doi=
  • Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan and Co. 8th ed. 1920), Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020, https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/marshall-principles-of-economics-8th-ed
  • Melvin, J., R. (1969). Increasing returns to scale as a determinant of trade, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 2(3), 389-402.
  • Mete, M. (2011). Türkiye’de diş ticaret-sanayi üretim indeksi ilişkisinin araştirilmasi (1990-2010), Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 3(5), 103-113.
  • Monfort, P. & Nicolini, R. (2000). Regional convergence and international integration, Journal of Urban Economics, 48(2), 286-306.
  • Murphy, K.M., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R.W.(1989). Industrialization and the big push, Journal of Political Economy, 97(5), 1003-1026.
  • Özcan, B. & Özçelebi, O. (2013). İhracata dayali büyüme hipotezi türkiye için geçerli mi?, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 20(1), 1-14. Paluzie, E. (2001). Trade policies and regional inequalities. Papers in Regional Science (80), 67–85.
  • Park, J. (2010). Trade-induced industrialization and economic growth, International Economic Journal 25(3), 513-545.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels, Journal of Econometrics 69(7), 1-13.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure, Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, (22), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, J. & Smith, R. (1995). Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M.H. & Yamagata T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels, Journal of Economics, (142), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah A. & Yamagata T. A. (2008). Bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence, Economic Journal, (11), 105-27.
  • Piermartini, R. & Rubínová, S. (2014). Knowledge spillovers through international supply chains, CTEI Papers, 3, 1-23.
  • Puga, D. & Venables, A., J. (1997). Agglomeration and economic development: Import substitution vs. trade liberalisation, Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper, (377), 1-28.
  • Ramaswamy, R. & Rowthorn, R. (1999). Growth, trade, and deindustrialization, IMF Staff Papers, 46(1), 18-41.
  • Rauch, J., E. (1989). Increasing returns to scale and the pattern of trade, Journal of International Economics, 26(3-4), 359-369.
  • Rodan, P., N., R. (1943). Problems of industrialization of eastern and South- Eastern Europe, Economic Journal, 53(210), 202-211.
  • Rivera-Batiz, L. A. & Romer, P. M. (1991). Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (106), 530-555.
  • Salvatore, D. (1995). International trade policies, industrialization and economic development, MEDIT, 4(95), 4-11.
  • Saeger, S. (1997). Globalization and deindustrialization: myth and reality in the OECD, Review of World Economics, (133), 579-608.
  • Shafaeddin, M. (2010). Trade liberalization, industrialization and development; experience of recent decades, MPRA Paper, (26355), 1-40.
  • Skott, P. & Ros, J. (1997). The "big push" in an open economy with nontradable inputs, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 20(1), 149-162.
  • Taylor, M. & Sarno, L. (1998). The behavior of real exchange rates during the post Bretton Woods period, Journal of International Economics,(46), 281-312.
  • Thünen, J., H. (1826). Von Thünen's isolated state. (C. M. Wartenberg, Çev.). London: Pergamon Press.
  • Tonus, Ö. (2007). Gümrük birliği sonrasinda türkiye’de disa açiklik ve sanayilesme, Dumlupınar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17, 193-214.
  • Trindade, V. (2005). The big push, industrialization and international trade: The role of exports, Journal of Development Economics, 78(2005), 22– 48.
  • TUİK (2020). Bölgesel İstatistikler, Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2020, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgesel istatistik/.
  • Weber, A. (1909). Theory of the location of industries. (C. J. Friedrich, Çev.). USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Wong, K. & Yip, C., K. (1999). Industrialization, economic growth and international trade, Review of International Economics, 7(3), 522–540.
  • Young, A. (1995). The tyranny of numbers, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (110), 641-680.
  • Züngün, D. & Dilber, İ. (2010). İhracata dayalı büyüme modelinin imalat sanayi ihracatı üzerindeki etkisinin saptanmasına ilişkin bir arastırma, Öneri Dergisi, 9(34), 223-231.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 1649 - 1669, 30.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.738625

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alderson, A., S. (1999). Explaining deindustrialization: globalization, failure, or success?, American Sociological Review, 64(5), 701-721.
  • Arslan, G., E. (2019). Küresel kapitalizmin sanayileşme stratejisi “ihracata yönelik sanayileşme stratejisi” iflas mi etti?, Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 151-171.
  • Bai, J. & Ng, S. (2004). A panic attack on unit roots and cointegration, Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
  • Balassa, B. (1967). Trade creation and trade diversion in the european common market, The Economic Journal, 77(305), 1-21.
  • Baldwin, R. & Venables, A., J.(2015). Trade policy and industrialisation when backward and forward linkages matter, Research in Economics, 69(2), 123-131.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2007). Heterogeneity and cross section dependence in panel data models: theory and applications introduction, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 229-232.
  • Breitung, J. & Das, S. (2005). “Panel unit root tests under cross‐sectional dependence”, Statistica Neerlandica, 59(4), 414-433.
  • Breuer, M. R, & Wallace M (2002). Series-specific unit root tests with panel data, Oxford Bullertin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), 527-545.
  • Breusch, T.S. & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics, Review of Economic Studies, 47, 239-253.
  • Bond, E.W., Jones, R.W. & Wang, P. (2005). Economic takeoffs in a dynamic process of globalization, Review of International Economics, (13), 1–19.
  • Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. L., Barrio, T. & López-Bazo, E. (2005). Breaking the panels: an application to GDP per capita, Econometrics Journal, (8), 159-175.
  • Choi, I. (2001). “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, (20), 249-272.
  • Collins, S., M. & Bosworth, B. (1996). Economic growth in east asia: accumulation versus assimilation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 27(2), 135-204.
  • Christiaans, T. (2008). International trade and industrialization in a non-scale model of economic growth, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 19, 221–236.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Francis T. (2010). Mangos in the tundra? spatial heterogeneity in agricultural productivity analysis, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford, unpublished working paper.
  • Eberhardt, M. & Francis T. (2011). Econometrics for grumblers: a new look at the literature on cross-country growth empirics, Journal of Economic Surveys, 25(1), 109-155.
  • Egeli, H. A. (2001). Dış ticaret açisindan sanayileşme stratejileri ve türkiye açisindan değerlendirilmesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 149-161.
  • Ethier, W., J. (1982). Decreasing costs in international trade and frank graham's argument for protection, Econometrics, 50(5), 1243-1268.
  • Fracasso, A. & Vittucci M., G. (2015). International trade and R&D spillovers, Journal of International Economics, 96(1), 138-149.
  • Grossman, G., M. & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, knowledge spillovers and growth, NBER working papers, (3485), 1-17.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). “Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data”, The Econometrics Journal, 2(3), 148-161.
  • Henderson, J. V. (1974). The sizes and types of cities, The American Economic Review, 64(4), 640-656.
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, (115), 53-74.
  • Isard, W. (1949). The general theory of location and space-economy, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(4), 476–506.
  • Jenkins, R. & Sen, K. (2006) International trade and manufacturing employment in the south: four country case studies, Oxford Development Studies, 34(3), 299-322.
  • Koll, J. (1995). Extent and evaluation of protection in developing countries, Open Economics Review, (6), 81-104.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2009). Explaining Deindustrialization: How Affluence, Productivity Growth, and Globalization Diminish Manufacturing Employment, AJS, 6(114), 1644-1674.
  • Krugman, P. (1985). Increasing returns and the theory of international trade, NBER working paper series,(1752), 1-56.
  • Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499.
  • Krugman, P. (1995). Increasing returns, imperfect competition and the positive theory of international trade, Handbook of International Economics, (3), 1243-1277.
  • Krugman, P., & Elizondo, R. L. (1996). Trade policy and the third world metropolis, Journal of Development Economics, (49), 137-50.
  • Kuznets, P., W. (1988). An East Asian model of economic development: Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 11-43.
  • Lau, L. J., & Kim, J-I. (1994). The sources of economic growth of the east asian newly industrializing countries, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, (8), 235-271.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. & Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, (108), 1-24.
  • Lösch, A. (1938). The nature of economic regions, South Economic Journals,(5), 71–78.
  • Maddala G.S. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and new simple test, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, (Special issue), 631-652.
  • Manisalı, E. (1975). Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için sanayileşme politikaları, Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020, https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/1CD58DF90A/7F59F138B7E94ADD8A39F0F543DCBDCD?doi=
  • Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan and Co. 8th ed. 1920), Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020, https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/marshall-principles-of-economics-8th-ed
  • Melvin, J., R. (1969). Increasing returns to scale as a determinant of trade, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 2(3), 389-402.
  • Mete, M. (2011). Türkiye’de diş ticaret-sanayi üretim indeksi ilişkisinin araştirilmasi (1990-2010), Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 3(5), 103-113.
  • Monfort, P. & Nicolini, R. (2000). Regional convergence and international integration, Journal of Urban Economics, 48(2), 286-306.
  • Murphy, K.M., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R.W.(1989). Industrialization and the big push, Journal of Political Economy, 97(5), 1003-1026.
  • Özcan, B. & Özçelebi, O. (2013). İhracata dayali büyüme hipotezi türkiye için geçerli mi?, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 20(1), 1-14. Paluzie, E. (2001). Trade policies and regional inequalities. Papers in Regional Science (80), 67–85.
  • Park, J. (2010). Trade-induced industrialization and economic growth, International Economic Journal 25(3), 513-545.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels, Journal of Econometrics 69(7), 1-13.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure, Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, (22), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, J. & Smith, R. (1995). Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M.H. & Yamagata T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels, Journal of Economics, (142), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah A. & Yamagata T. A. (2008). Bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence, Economic Journal, (11), 105-27.
  • Piermartini, R. & Rubínová, S. (2014). Knowledge spillovers through international supply chains, CTEI Papers, 3, 1-23.
  • Puga, D. & Venables, A., J. (1997). Agglomeration and economic development: Import substitution vs. trade liberalisation, Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper, (377), 1-28.
  • Ramaswamy, R. & Rowthorn, R. (1999). Growth, trade, and deindustrialization, IMF Staff Papers, 46(1), 18-41.
  • Rauch, J., E. (1989). Increasing returns to scale and the pattern of trade, Journal of International Economics, 26(3-4), 359-369.
  • Rodan, P., N., R. (1943). Problems of industrialization of eastern and South- Eastern Europe, Economic Journal, 53(210), 202-211.
  • Rivera-Batiz, L. A. & Romer, P. M. (1991). Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (106), 530-555.
  • Salvatore, D. (1995). International trade policies, industrialization and economic development, MEDIT, 4(95), 4-11.
  • Saeger, S. (1997). Globalization and deindustrialization: myth and reality in the OECD, Review of World Economics, (133), 579-608.
  • Shafaeddin, M. (2010). Trade liberalization, industrialization and development; experience of recent decades, MPRA Paper, (26355), 1-40.
  • Skott, P. & Ros, J. (1997). The "big push" in an open economy with nontradable inputs, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 20(1), 149-162.
  • Taylor, M. & Sarno, L. (1998). The behavior of real exchange rates during the post Bretton Woods period, Journal of International Economics,(46), 281-312.
  • Thünen, J., H. (1826). Von Thünen's isolated state. (C. M. Wartenberg, Çev.). London: Pergamon Press.
  • Tonus, Ö. (2007). Gümrük birliği sonrasinda türkiye’de disa açiklik ve sanayilesme, Dumlupınar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17, 193-214.
  • Trindade, V. (2005). The big push, industrialization and international trade: The role of exports, Journal of Development Economics, 78(2005), 22– 48.
  • TUİK (2020). Bölgesel İstatistikler, Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2020, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgesel istatistik/.
  • Weber, A. (1909). Theory of the location of industries. (C. J. Friedrich, Çev.). USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Wong, K. & Yip, C., K. (1999). Industrialization, economic growth and international trade, Review of International Economics, 7(3), 522–540.
  • Young, A. (1995). The tyranny of numbers, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (110), 641-680.
  • Züngün, D. & Dilber, İ. (2010). İhracata dayalı büyüme modelinin imalat sanayi ihracatı üzerindeki etkisinin saptanmasına ilişkin bir arastırma, Öneri Dergisi, 9(34), 223-231.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm İktisat
Yazarlar

Aykut ŞARKGÜNEŞİ 0000-0002-3816-1550

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 11 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA ŞARKGÜNEŞİ, A. (2020). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Ekonomik Coğrafya Teorileri Bağlamında Uluslararası Ticaret ve Sanayileşme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bölgesel Analiz. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(4), 1649-1669. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.738625