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ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Kuzey Kore ile İlişkileri Bağlamında Asya-Pasifik Dengeleme Stratejisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 1626 - 1648, 30.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.754055

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ortaya çıkan iki kutuplu dünya düzeni uluslararası sistemi şekillendirmiştir. Uluslararası sistemdeki bu değişim Asya-Pasifik bölgesini de etkilemiştir. Uluslararası sistemde yer alan güç ve tehdit dengesinin bir benzeri bölgesel düzeyde Asya-Pasifik’te de yaşanmıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Asya-Pasifik bölgesindeki ulus devletler ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği arasındaki güç mücadelesinin ve dengeleme stratejisinin aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu dönemde Kore ve Vietnam'da yaşanan savaşlar, Sovyetler Birliği ile Çin arasında yaşanan uyuşmazlıklar ve bölge ülkelerinin birbiriyle olan sorunları ABD’nin bölgedeki varlığını meşrulaştırıcı etki yaratarak müttefiklik ilişkisi kurulmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Müttefiklik ilişkisi bölgedeki denge politikalarında başvurulan en önemli enstrüman olmuştur. Devletlerin güç, kapasite, coğrafi konumu, birbirleri hakkındaki niyet ve algılamaları denge stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde en önemli parametredir. Bu parametreler ışığında Soğuk Savaş döneminde Asya-Pasifik bölgesi kendine has bir sistemik dengeyi inşa etmiştir. Bu çalışma Asya-Pasifik dengeleme stratejisini ABD’nin Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Kuzey Kore ile ikili ilişkileri bağlamında inceleyerek ortaya çıkartmayı hedeflemektedir.

Kaynakça

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Asia-Pacific Balancing Strategy in the Context of U.S. Relations with China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea in the Cold War Period

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 1626 - 1648, 30.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.754055

Öz

The bipolar world order that emerged after the Second World War has shaped the international system. This change in the international system has also affected the Asia-Pacific region. A similar balance of power and threat in the international system has also experienced at the regional level in Asia-Pacific. During the Cold War, nation states in the Asia-Pacific region became the instrument of the power struggle and balancing strategy between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The wars lived in Korea and Vietnam and also disputes took place between USSR and China, and states of the region problems with each other paved the way for establishing an alliance relationship by legitimizing the U.S. presence in the region. The Alliance relationship has been the most important instrument used in balance policies in the region. States' power, capacity, geographical positions, intentions and perceptions about each other are the most important parameters in determining balance strategies. In the light of these parameters, Asia-Pacific region built a unique systemic balance during the Cold War. This study aims to reveal Asia-Pacific balancing strategy in the context of U.S. bilateral relations with China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea.

Kaynakça

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  • Between the U.S. and the Republic of Korea Regarding the Mutual Defense Treaty, Washington October 1, 1953, Erişim Tarihi: 26.04.2020. https://photos.state.gov/libraries/korea/49271/p_int_docs/p_rok_60th_int_14.pdf
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  • Cooney, K, J. (2002). Japan’s foreign policy maturation: A quest for normalcy, New York: Routledge.
  • Danziger, J,N. (2007). Understanding the political world: A comparative introduction to political science, 6th. Edition, New York: Pearson.
  • Dedeoğlu, B. (2001). Çin ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki ilişkilerin gelişimi. D. Ü. Arıboğan (Ed). Çin’in gölgesinde uzakdoğu Asya. (ss.319-358). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
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  • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pasific (ESCAP), Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Trends 2019/2020: Trade in Goods Outlook. Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2020. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Trade%20in%20Goods%20Outlook%20%282019-12-20%29.pdf
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  • Gungwu, W. (1995). The Chinese way: China’s position in international relations. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
  • Hara, K. (1999). Rethinking the ‘Cold War’ in the Asia-Pasific. The Pacific Review, 12(4), 515-536.
  • Harrison, S. S. (2003). Korean endgame a strategy for reunification and U.S. disengagement, 2nd Edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Hart, B.H. L. (1970). History of the Second World War, London: Pan Books.
  • Holcombe, C. (2016). Doğu Asya tarihi: Çin, Japonya, Kore medeniyetin köklerinden 21. yüzyıla kadar, (M. M. Özeren, Çev.). İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
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  • Islam, I. & Chowdhury, A. (1997). Asia-Pacific Economies: A survey. London: Routledge.
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  • Mou-Shis, D. (1991). Relations between the United States and the Republic of China, R. S. Cline (Ed.). The role of the Republic of China in the international community: report of a seminar, October 24-25, 1990. (ss.53-60). Washington: The United States Global Strategy Council.
  • Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of China; December 2, 1954. Erişim Tarihi: 26.04.2020. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/chin001.asp
  • Nester, W. R. (1990). Japan’s growing power over East Asia and the World economy: Ends and means. Hong Kong: The Macmillan Press.
  • Nish, I. (1986). The United States in East Asia: Japan's perspective.”, The Balance of Power in East Asia. M. Leifer (Ed.). (ss.30-43). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • No.6045 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance, Moscow, on 6 July 1961, United Nations Treaty Series, 1962. Erişim Tarihi:27.04.2020. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20420/volume-420-I-6045-English.pdf
  • Oh, K, (1992). North Korea braves a new world. D. N. Clark, (Ed). Korea Briefing 1992. (ss.27-49). Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Packard, G. R. (2010, March/April). The United States-Japan Security Treaty at 50: Still a Grand Bargain?. Foreign Affairs, 89(2), 92-103.
  • Pae, S. M. (1992). Kore leading developing nations economy, democracy and welfare, Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
  • Park, K-A. (2001). North Korea's defensive power and U.S.-North Korea relations. Pacific Affairs, Special Issue: Korea in Flux (Winter, 2000-2001), 73(4), 535-553.
  • Pehlivantürk, B. (2015). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri ve Asya-Pasifik. Doğu Asya’nın politik ekonomisi: Japonya, Çin ve Güney Kore’de kalkınma, siyaset ve jeostrateji, K.A. Akkemik & S. Ünay, (Ed.). (ss.98-131). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Pradhan, R, G. (1989). China and the super powers: New dimensions. N. Das (Ed). Contemporary Chinese Politics and Foreigh Policy. (ss.133-146). New Delhi: Sangam Books.
  • Pressello, A. (2014). The Fukuda Doctrine and Japan’s role in shaping post-Vietnam War Southeast Asia. Japanese Studies, 34(1), 37-59.
  • Rea, K, W. (1975, Sep-Oct.). Peking and the Brezhnev Doctrine. Asian Affairs: An American Review, Vol. 3(1), 22-30.
  • Sakamoto, Y. (1984, February). Major power relations in East Asia. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 19-24.
  • Sakong, I. (1993). Korea in the World Economy. Washington: Institute for International Economics.
  • Segal, G. (1986). The Soviet Union in East Asia. The balance of power in East Asia. M. Leifer (Ed.). (ss.44-58). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sheehan, M. (2005). The balance of power: History and theory, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
  • Shih, C-Y. (1995). The reluctant dragon: Taiwan as a psychological factor in mainland China’s U.S. policy. T-J. Cheng, C. Huang, S. S. G. Wu (Ed.). Inherited rivalry: Conflict across the Taiwan Straits. (ss.173-193). Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Shrivastava, B, K. (1989). US technology transfer to China and development of China’s nuclear energy. N.Das (Ed). Contemporary Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy. (ss.100-115). New Delhi: Sangam Books.
  • Sohn, H-K. (1989). Authoritarianism and Opposition in South Korea, London: Routledge.
  • Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96-8, 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.), January 1, 1979, American Intitute in Taiwan, Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2020. https://www.ait.org.tw/our-relationship/policy-history/key-u-s-foreign-policy-documents-region/taiwan-relations-act/
  • Takeda, Y. (2014). Economic superpower in an age of limits: The locomotive strategy and U.S.-Japan relations, 1977-1979. The Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 278-298.
  • Teo, S. & Emmers, R. (2020, January). The future of the San Francisco system: Pressures and prospects. Asian Politics and Policy, 84-96.
  • The Constitution of Japan, 1946. Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2020. https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
  • The Presidential Commission on the 21st Century. (1995). Korea in the 21st Century. Seoul: Seoul Press.
  • Thucydides. (2009). The Peloponnesian war, (M. Hammond, Çev.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance Between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, July 11, 1961. (1961). Peking Review (July 14, 1961) Foreign Language Press, 4(28).
  • Tuncoku, M. (2002). Japonya-Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti İlişkileri, Ankara: Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları No.33, Uzakdoğu-Pasifik Araştırmaları Dizisi No. 3.
  • United Nations-Treaty Series 1952, No.1832 Treaty of Peace with Japan. Signed at San Francisco, on 8 September 1951. Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2020. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20136/volume-136-I-1832-English.pdf.
  • USS Pueblo captured, A&E Television Networks, January 22, 2020. Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2020. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/uss-pueblo-captured
  • Walt, S, M. (1990). The origins of alliances. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Waltz, K, N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
  • Wei, S-J. (1995). The open door policy and China’s rapid growth: Evidence from city-level data. Chicago: Univerity of Chicago Press. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2020. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8545.
  • Won, L, J. (1998). America in Asia at the turn of the century. K. Ryosei (Ed). Challenges for China-Japan-U.S. cooperation. (ss.23-43). Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE).
  • Yahuda, M. (2005). The international politics of the Asia-Pacific, 1945-1995, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Toplam 84 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler
Yazarlar

Eyüp AKPINAR 0000-0001-8540-1548

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 8 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA AKPINAR, E. (2020). ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Kuzey Kore ile İlişkileri Bağlamında Asya-Pasifik Dengeleme Stratejisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(4), 1626-1648. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.754055