Agricultural Production and Taxation System in Ancient Egypt (BC 3100 – 672)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 2456 - 2468, 19.10.2022

Ercüment Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1117480

Öz

With the settled life formed after the spread of agriculture, humanity has realized the greatest change in its history by first passing through the stages of urbanization and then statehood. With the flooding of the Nile in a predictable period of time, suitable areas for agriculture were naturally formed in the valley and delta of the river. Agricultural production, which has been going on for about eight thousand years in these areas, has led to the emergence of the ancient Egyptian civilization. When compared to other geographies where agriculture is made, powerful dynasties were established one after another in Egypt, where the most products were obtained with the least effort. This study aims to reveal the development of the agricultural taxation system, which is the main source of income for the dynasties in Egypt, and the regulations made for the realization, control and increase of agricultural production in Ancient Egypt.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ancient Egypt, Agriculture, Nile, Renenutet, Taxation.

Eski Mısır'da Tarımsal Üretim ve Vergilendirme Sistemi (MÖ 3100 – 672)

Öz

İnsanlık, tarımın yaygınlaşmasından sonra oluşan yerleşik hayat ile öncelikle şehirleşme sonrasında devletleşme aşamalarına geçerek tarihindeki en büyük değişimi gerçekleştirmiştir. Nil’in öngörülebilen bir zaman diliminde taşması ile nehrin vadisi ve deltasında doğal olarak tarım için müsait alanlar oluşmuştur. Bu alanlarda yaklaşık sekiz bin yıldır devam eden tarımsal üretim, kadim Mısır medeniyetinin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Tarımın yapıldığı diğer coğrafyalar ile kıyaslandığında en az emekle en fazla ürünün alındığı Mısır’da birbiri ardına güçlü hanedanlıklar kurulmuştur. Bu çalışma, Eski Mısır'daki tarımsal üretimin gerçekleştirilmesi, kontrolü ve artırımı için yapılan düzenlemeler ile Mısır’daki hanedanlıkların en temel gelir kaynağını oluşturan tarımsal vergilendirme sisteminin binyıllar boyunca sürdürdüğü gelişimi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eski Mısır, Tarım, Nil Nehri, Renenutet, Vergilendirme.

Kaynakça

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