Görev Odaklı Liderlik Tarzı, Psikolojik Sermaye, İş Tatmini ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Kobi’lere Yönelik Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 699 - 719, 26.04.2024

Merve Kaplan , Bülent Demirağ

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1338294

Öz

Araştırma; görev odaklı liderlik tarzı, psikolojik sermaye, iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Gaziantep ve Şanlıurfa illerinde faaliyet gösteren kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen küçük ve orta ölçekli 425 işletme çalışanına anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda görev odaklı liderlik, psikolojik sermaye, iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki “kısmi en küçük kareler” (PLS) ve “yapısal eşitlik modellemesi” (SEM) ile test edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli sonuçlarına göre görev odaklı liderlik tarzının psikolojik sermaye ve psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutları olan öz yeterlilik, iyimserlik, umut ve esneklik/dayanıklılık üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada görev odaklı liderlik tarzının iş tatmini üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Görev odaklı liderlik tarzının örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu; örgütsel bağlılığın devam, normatif ve duygusal bağlılık alt boyutları üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu; psikolojik sermayenin iş tatmini üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte psikolojik sermayenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu ve örgütsel bağlılığın devam, normatif ve duygusal bağlılık alt boyutları üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu; iş tatmininin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu ve örgütsel bağlılığın devam, normatif ve duygusal bağlılık alt boyutları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Görev odaklı liderlik tarzı, psikolojik sermaye, iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık, KOBİ

Examining the Relationship Between Task-Oriented Leadership Style, Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: An Application for SMEs

Öz

The study was achieved to estimate the intercourse amid task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In the research, a survey was applied to 425 employees of small and medium-sized businesses operating in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa provinces, determined by convenience sampling method. In this context, the relationship between task-oriented leadership, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment was tested with "partial least squares" (PLS) and "structural equation modeling" (SEM). According to the results of the structural equation model, it was concluded that the task-oriented leadership style had a positive effect on psychological capital and sub-dimensions of psychological capital, namely self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The research concluded that the task-oriented leadership style had a positive effect on job satisfaction. The study concluded that task-oriented leadership style had a positive effect on organizational commitment; had a positive effect on continuance, normative and affective commitment sub-dimensions of organizational commitment; psychological capital had a positive effect on job satisfaction. In addition, psychological capital had a positive effect on organizational commitment and had a positive effect on continuance, normative and affective commitment sub-dimensions of organizational commitment; job satisfaction had a positive effect on organizational commitment and had a positive effect on the continuance, normative and affective commitment sub-dimensions of organizational commitment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, SME

Kaynakça

• Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2014). Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance. Journal of Management, 40(7), 1813-1830.
• Abid Alvi, H., Hanif, M., Adil, M. S., Ahmed, R. R., & Vveinhardt, J. (2014). Impact of organizational culture on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. European Journal of Business and Management. New York, NY: International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 6(27), 30-40.
• Azeem, S. M. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the Sultanate of Oman. Psychology, 1(4), 295-299.
• Badran, M.A. & Youssef-Morgan, C.M. (2015). Psychological capital and job satisfaction in Egypt. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(3), 354-370.
• Bakotic, D. (2016). Relationship between job satisfaction and organisational performance. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 118-130.
• Baluku, M. M., Kikooma, J. F., & Kibanja, G. M. (2016). Psychological capital and the startup capital–entrepreneurial success relationship. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 28(1), 27-54.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2) 191-215.
• Berge, L. I. O., Bjorvatn, K., & Tungodden, B. (2015). Human and financial capital for microenterprise development: Evidence from a field and lab experiment. Management Science, 61(4), 707-722.
• Bonds, A. A. (2017). Employees' organizational commitment and turnover intentions (Doctoral dissertation) Walden University.
• Breevaart, K., & de Vries, R. E. (2021). Followers’ HEXACO personality traits and preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(2), 253-265.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Anket geliştirme. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 133-151.
• Casimir, G. & Ngee Keith Ng, Y. (2010). Combinative aspects of leadership style and the interaction between leadership behaviors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(6), 501-517.
• Cohen, F., Solomon, S., Maxfield, M., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2004). Fatal attraction: The effects of mortality salience on evaluations of charismatic, task-oriented, and relationship-oriented leaders. Psychological science, 15(12), 846-851.
• Culibrk, J., Delić, M., Mitrović, S., & Ćulibrk, D. (2018). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job involvement: The mediating role of job involvement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(132). 1-12. Çavuşoğlu, S. (2021a). Yeşile boyama ve yeşil satın alma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide yeşil marka imajı ve yeşil marka sadakatinin aracılık rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2146-2161.
• Çavuşoğlu, S. (2021b). Yeşil reklam ve yeşil marka farkındalığın yeşil müşteri tatmini üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşil satın alma davranışının aracılık rolü. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(3), 1355-1374.
• Dahlstrom, T. R. (2013). Telecommuting and leadership style. Public Personnel Management, 42(3), 438-451.
• Eagly, A. H., & Johnson, B. T. (1990). Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 233-256.
• Eslami, J., & Gharakhani, D. (2012). Organizational commitment and job satisfaction. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 85-91.
• Etebarian, A., Tavakoli, S., & Abzari, M. (2012). The relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment. African Journal of Business Management, 6(14), 5057.
• Fang, S., Prayag, G., Ozanne, L.K. & de Vries, H. (2020). Psychological capital, coping mechanisms and organizational resilience: Insights from the 2016 Kaikouraearthquake, New Zealand. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100637.
• Fayyaz, H., Naheed, R., & Hasan, A. (2014). Effect of task oriented and relational leadership style on employee performance; Moderating impact of communicator competence. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 3, 1-9.
• Fleishman, E. A. (1973). Twenty years of consideration and structure. In E. A. Fleishman & J. G. Hunt (Eds) Current developments in the study of leadership. Carbondale, IU.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1-40.
• Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles, and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-269.
• Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial Least Squares: Regression & Structural Equation Models. Politeness and Audience Response in Chinese-English Subtitling, Statistical Publishing Associate.
• Gouldner, H. P. (1960). Dimensions of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 4(4), 468-490.
• Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (1999). Temel ekonometri (Çev. Ümit Şenesen, Gülay Günlük Şenesen). Birinci Basım, İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
• Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM): an emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
• Havig, A. K., Skogstad, A., Veenstra, M., & Romøren, T. I. (2011). The effects of leadership and ward factors on job satisfaction in nursing homes: A multilevel approach. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(23‐24), 3532-3542.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135.
• Hmieleski, K. M., & Carr, J. C. (2008). The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and new venture performance. Babson College, Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference (BCERC) 2008, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 2008, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1346023
• Hoveida, R., Mokhtari, H. A., & Forohar, M. (2013). The relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment components. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 43-56.
• Hong, G., Cho, Y., Froese, F.J. & Shin, M. (2016). The effect of leadership styles, rank, and seniority on affective organizational commitment: A comparative study of U.S. and Korean employees. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 23(2).
• Huynh, T.N. & Hua, N.T.A. (2020). The relationship between task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(4), 583-604.
• Ismail, A., & Razak, M. R. A. (2016). Effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Management & Marketing Journal, 14(1).25-40.
• Jamaludin, N. H. B., Naim, N. A. B., Khamis, N. A. B., & Zakaria, N. B. (2015). Leadership Style Head of Polytechnic Department and Regard with to Work Culture. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(15), 23-30.
• Ju, D., Huang, M., Liu, D., Qin, X., Hu, Q., & Chen, C. (2019). Supervisory consequences of abusive supervision: An investigation of sense of power, managerial self-efficacy, and task-oriented leadership behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 154, 80-95.
• Jung, H.S. & Yoon, H.H. (2015). The impact of employees’ positive psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(6), 1135-1156.
• Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
• Khaliq, C. A., Ashraf, I. A., Chattha, M. N., Haroon, A., & Aslam, N. (2016). The impact of perceived leadership behavior and organizational commitment of employees in the education sector of Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(4), 902-907.
• Kim, I. S., Seo, R. B., Kim, B. N., & Min, A. R. (2015). The effects of positive psychological capital, organizational commitment, customer orientation in clinical nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 21(1), 10-19.
• Kim, M., Do Kim, Y., & Lee, H. W. (2020). It is time to consider athletes’ well-being and performance satisfaction: The roles of authentic leadership and psychological capital. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 964-977.
• Leguina, A. (2015). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 38(2), 220-221.
• Li, Y., Castaño, G. & Li, Y. (2018). Linking leadership styles to work engagement: The role of psychological capital among Chinese knowledge workers. Chinese Management Studies, 12(2), 433-452.
• Li, Y. (2019). Leadership styles and knowledge workers’ work engagement: Psychological capital as a mediator. Current Psychology, 38(5), 1152-1161.
• Lizar, A. A., Mangundjaya, W. L. H., & Rachmawan, A. (2015). The role of psychological capital and psychological empowerment on individual readiness for change. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 343-352.
• Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction?. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336.
• Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,18(3), 219-236.
• Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006a). Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-ıntervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387-393.
• Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Lester, P. B. (2006b). Developing the psychological capital of resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Rawski, S. L. (2011). A tale of two paradigms: The ımpact of psychological capital and reinforcing feedback on problem solving and ınnovation. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 31(4), 333-350.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2015). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press, USA.
• Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339-366.
• Malhotra, N.K. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation (4. Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
• Meier, L. L. & Spector, P. E. (2015). Job satisfaction. Wiley encyclopedia of management, 1-3.
• Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
• Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551.
• Mishra, P. K. (2013). Job satisfaction. IOSR journal of Humanities and Social Science, 14(5), 45-54.
• Mosadeghrad, A. M., & Ferdosi, M. (2013). Leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in health care sector: Proposing and testing a model. Materia Socio-Medica, 25(2), 121-126
• Nath Gangai, K., & Agrawal, R. (2015). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Is it important for employee performance. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 5(4), 269-278.
• Nguyen, D.T. & Nguyen, T.M.T. (2012). Psychological capital, quality of work life, and quality of life of marketers: Evidence from Vietnam, Journal of Macromarketing, 32(1), 87-95.
• Nolzen, N. (2018). The concept of psychological capital: A comprehensive review. Management Review Quarterly, 68(3), 237-277.
• Novitasari, D., Kumoro, D. F. C., Yuwono, T., & Asbari, M. (2020). Authentic leadership and ınnovation: What is the role of psychological capital?. International Journal of Science and Management Studies, 3(5), 27-42.
• Ozsahin, M., Zehir, C. & Acar, A.Z. (2011). Linking leadership style to firm performance: The mediating effect of the learning orientation. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, 1546-1559.
• Pena, I. (2002). Intellectual capital and business start‐up success. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(2), 180-198.
• Peterson, S. J., Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F., & Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modeling approach. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 427-450.
• Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603.
• Pushpakumari, M. D. (2008). The impact of job satisfaction on job performance: An empirical analysis. In City Forum, 9(1), 89-105.
• Rad, A. M. M., & Yarmohammadian, M. H. (2006). A study of relationship between managers' leadership style and employees' job satisfaction. Leadership in Health services. 19(2), 11-28.
• Robson, P. J., Akuetteh, C. K., Westhead, P., & Wright, M. (2012). Exporting intensity, human capital and business ownership experience. International Small Business Journal, 30(4), 367-387.
• Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M., & Niazi, G. S. K. (2014). Leadership styles: Relationship with conflict management styles. International journal of conflict management, 25(3), 214-225.
• Sahertian, P., & Soetjipto, B. E. (2011). Improving employee’s organizational commitment, self-efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior through the implementation of task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership behavior. The Business Review, Cambridge, 17(2), 48-60.
• Salam, M. A. (2017). Effects of psychological capital on job satisfaction and turnover ıntention: Thai higher education perspective. Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 4(3). 203-218.
• Shahmohammadi, N. (2015). The relationship between management style with human relations and job satisfaction among guidance schools’ Principals in District 3 of Karaj. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, 247-253.
• Srivastava, S. (2013). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment relationship: Effect of personality variables. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17(2), 159-167.
• Tabernero, C., Chambel, M. J., Curral, L., & Arana, J. M. (2009). The role of task-oriented versus relationship-oriented leadership on normative contract and group performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 37(10), 1391-1404.
• Wang, Y., Tsai, C.H., Tsai, F.S., Huang, W. & Cruz, S.M. (2018). Antecedent and consequences of psychological capital of entrepreneur. Sustainability, 10(10), 1-18.
• Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organization (7th Edition). South Asia, PearsonEducation, Inc.