Bu araştırmada, sporcuların profesyonelizm düzeyini geçerli ve güvenilir olarak ölçebilen bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma karma desende modellenerek, 2021 yılında Ankara ilinde sportif kariyerlerini devam ettirmekte olan 614 sporcu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Madde havuzu oluşturulmadan önce açık uçlu sorular yardımıyla katılımcıların özellik hakkındaki görüşleri elde edilerek içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliği ile ilgili analizler ölçme aracının psikometrik özelliklerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliğinin tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) uygulanmış, AFA sonucunda ortaya çıkan yapının doğrulanabilmesi amacıyla da Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Araştırmada açımlayıcı (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri (DFA) veri setinin iki gruba bölünmesi ile farklı iki grup üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA sonucunda özellik %38.25 ile açıklanmakta, 11 madde ve tek boyutlu yapı ortaya konulmaktadır. AFA sonucu ortaya konulan yapı DFA ile doğrulanmıştır. Bununla beraber, madde toplam test korelasyonu ve toplam puan üzerinden madde ayırt edicilik indeksi ile madde puan ortalamaları arasında fark olup olmadığı maddelerin ayırt ediciliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı ve test-tekrar test teknikleri ile ölçme aracının güvenirliği incelenmiş ve ölçme aracının yüksek düzeyde güvenilir olduğuna dair sonuç elde edilmiştir. Sporcular İçin Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin psikometrik özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde, geçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla, ölçme aracının sporcuların profesyonelizm seviyelerini ölçebilme yeterliğine sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Adıgüzel, O., Tanrıverdi, H., ve Özkan, D. S. (2011). Mesleki profesyonellik ve bir meslek mensupları olarak hemşireler örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 235-260.
Altıok, H.Ö., & Üstün, B. (2014). Professionalism: Concept analyse. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty, 7(2), 151-155.
Arsita Sari, G., Rohmah, L., & Nadlifah (2019). Teacher profesionalism in improving children’s speech ability speech delay. Proceedings of The 4th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, 4, 367-378.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Pegem.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, application, and programming. Rouledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Cerit, Y. (2012). Okulun bürokratik yapısı ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin profesyonel davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 18(4), 497- 521.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. Routledge Falmer.
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research. Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
Chisholm, M. A., Cobb, H., Duke, L., McDuffie, C., & Kennedy, W. K. (2006). Development of an instrument to measure professionalism. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 70(4), 85. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700485
De Vellis, R. F. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme: Kuram ve uygulamalar. Nobel.
Lestari, H. D., & Achadi, A. (2016). Analisis pengaruh profesionalism, job experience, dan job autonomy terhadap job performance (Studi pada Advokat di Purwokerto). Majalah Imiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 13(1), 99-115.
Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Pegem.
Ferguson, G. A., & Takane, Y. (1989). Statistical analysis in psychology and education. McGraw-Hill.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM spss statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. (14 th ed.) Routledge.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall Publishing.
Hilferty, F. (2008). Theorizing teacher professionalism as an enacted discourse of power. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 29(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690701837521
Johnson, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
Jones, L., & Green, J. (2006). Shifting discourses of professionalism: A case study of general practitioners in the United Kingdon. Sociology of Health & Illness, 28(7), 927-950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2006.00513.x
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simpliscomm and language. Scientific Software International.
Khareng, M., Machae, R., Awang, J., Ab Rahman, Z., & Mohd Noor, A.Y. (2020). The Achievement of Teacher Professionalism among Religious Teachers Alumni of the Academy of Islamic and Arabic Studies, Princess of Naradhiwas University Aias-Pnu, 90(2), 127-138.
Kline, P. (2005). An essay guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multi level modeling. In M. Williams & W. P. Vogt (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of ınnovation in social research methods (pp. 562-589). SAGE Publications.
Ludwig, S. (2020). Professionalizm. Pediatrics in Review, 41(5), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0234
Mackey, J., & Evans, T. (2011). Interconnecting networks of practice for professional learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.873
Merriam-Webster. (2018). Merriam-Webster Online.
Mujahidah, Afiah, N., & Syaiful. (2020). Perceptions of English education program students towards the profesionalism of English education lecturers in online learning at IAIN Parepare. Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 2(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v2i2.37
Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Sage Publication.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74. https://doi.org/10.1.1.509.4258&rep
Snizek, W. E. (1972). Hall's professionalism scale: An empirical reassessment. American sociological review, 109-114. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093498
Stevens, J. (2012). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Routledge.
Şeker, H., Deniz, S., ve Görgen, İ. (2004). Öğretmen yeterlikleri ölçeği. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 164, 105-118.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental designs using ANOVA. Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(3), 245-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621606290168
Tschannen-Moran, M., Parish, J., & DiPaola, M. F. (2006). School climate and state standards: How interpersonal relationships influence student achievement. Journal of School Leadership, 16, 386-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460601600402
Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of Professionalizm Scale for Athletes (APS)
In this research, it is aimed to develop a measurement tool that can measure the professionalism level of athletes in a valid and reliable way. The research was modeled in a mixed design and was carried out with 614 athletes who were continuing their sportive careers in Ankara in 2021. Analyzes of construct validity were carried out in order to determine the psychometric properties of the measurement tool. In order to determine the construct validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied; Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied in order to verify the structure that emerged as a result of EFA. Explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyzes (CFA) in the research were carried out on two different groups by dividing the data set into two groups. With the completion of EFA and CFA, a structure consisting of 11 items and one dimension was obtained, which could explain 38.25% of the total variance. In addition, the item-total test correlation and 27% over-the-top method over the total score were used to determine whether there was a difference between the item score averages or not, to determine the discrimination of the items. The reliability of the measurement tool was examined with the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and test-retest techniques, and a result was obtained that the measurement tool was highly reliable. When the psychometric properties of the Professionalism Scale for Athletes (SPÖ) were evaluated, it was determined that it was a valid and reliable data collection tool. In addition, it can be stated that the measurement tool has the ability to measure the professionalism levels of the athletes.
Adıgüzel, O., Tanrıverdi, H., ve Özkan, D. S. (2011). Mesleki profesyonellik ve bir meslek mensupları olarak hemşireler örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 235-260.
Altıok, H.Ö., & Üstün, B. (2014). Professionalism: Concept analyse. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty, 7(2), 151-155.
Arsita Sari, G., Rohmah, L., & Nadlifah (2019). Teacher profesionalism in improving children’s speech ability speech delay. Proceedings of The 4th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, 4, 367-378.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Pegem.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, application, and programming. Rouledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Cerit, Y. (2012). Okulun bürokratik yapısı ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin profesyonel davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 18(4), 497- 521.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. Routledge Falmer.
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research. Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
Chisholm, M. A., Cobb, H., Duke, L., McDuffie, C., & Kennedy, W. K. (2006). Development of an instrument to measure professionalism. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 70(4), 85. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700485
De Vellis, R. F. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme: Kuram ve uygulamalar. Nobel.
Lestari, H. D., & Achadi, A. (2016). Analisis pengaruh profesionalism, job experience, dan job autonomy terhadap job performance (Studi pada Advokat di Purwokerto). Majalah Imiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 13(1), 99-115.
Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Pegem.
Ferguson, G. A., & Takane, Y. (1989). Statistical analysis in psychology and education. McGraw-Hill.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM spss statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. (14 th ed.) Routledge.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall Publishing.
Hilferty, F. (2008). Theorizing teacher professionalism as an enacted discourse of power. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 29(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690701837521
Johnson, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
Jones, L., & Green, J. (2006). Shifting discourses of professionalism: A case study of general practitioners in the United Kingdon. Sociology of Health & Illness, 28(7), 927-950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2006.00513.x
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simpliscomm and language. Scientific Software International.
Khareng, M., Machae, R., Awang, J., Ab Rahman, Z., & Mohd Noor, A.Y. (2020). The Achievement of Teacher Professionalism among Religious Teachers Alumni of the Academy of Islamic and Arabic Studies, Princess of Naradhiwas University Aias-Pnu, 90(2), 127-138.
Kline, P. (2005). An essay guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multi level modeling. In M. Williams & W. P. Vogt (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of ınnovation in social research methods (pp. 562-589). SAGE Publications.
Ludwig, S. (2020). Professionalizm. Pediatrics in Review, 41(5), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0234
Mackey, J., & Evans, T. (2011). Interconnecting networks of practice for professional learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.873
Merriam-Webster. (2018). Merriam-Webster Online.
Mujahidah, Afiah, N., & Syaiful. (2020). Perceptions of English education program students towards the profesionalism of English education lecturers in online learning at IAIN Parepare. Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 2(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v2i2.37
Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Sage Publication.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74. https://doi.org/10.1.1.509.4258&rep
Snizek, W. E. (1972). Hall's professionalism scale: An empirical reassessment. American sociological review, 109-114. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093498
Stevens, J. (2012). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Routledge.
Şeker, H., Deniz, S., ve Görgen, İ. (2004). Öğretmen yeterlikleri ölçeği. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 164, 105-118.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental designs using ANOVA. Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(3), 245-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621606290168
Tschannen-Moran, M., Parish, J., & DiPaola, M. F. (2006). School climate and state standards: How interpersonal relationships influence student achievement. Journal of School Leadership, 16, 386-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460601600402
Güngör, N. B., Kurtipek, S., & İlhan, E. L. (2022). Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 7(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1007384
AMA
Güngör NB, Kurtipek S, İlhan EL. Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. Haziran 2022;7(1):36-48. doi:10.25307/jssr.1007384
Chicago
Güngör, Nuri Berk, Serkan Kurtipek, ve Ekrem Levent İlhan. “Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 36-48. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1007384.
EndNote
Güngör NB, Kurtipek S, İlhan EL (01 Haziran 2022) Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 7 1 36–48.
IEEE
N. B. Güngör, S. Kurtipek, ve E. L. İlhan, “Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, JSSR, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 36–48, 2022, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1007384.
ISNAD
Güngör, Nuri Berk vd. “Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 7/1 (Haziran 2022), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1007384.
JAMA
Güngör NB, Kurtipek S, İlhan EL. Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2022;7:36–48.
MLA
Güngör, Nuri Berk vd. “Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, c. 7, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 36-48, doi:10.25307/jssr.1007384.
Vancouver
Güngör NB, Kurtipek S, İlhan EL. Sporcular için Profesyonelizm Ölçeği (SPÖ)’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2022;7(1):36-48.