Yetişkinlerin Doğaya Bağlılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: 8 Haftalık Randomize Kontrollü Araştırma

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, Doğa Sporları dersi alan öğrencilerin doğaya bağlılık düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Çalışma, nicel bir araştırma olup 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören seçmeli ve zorunlu doğa sporları dersi alan 130 erkek ile 90 kız toplam 220 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçek, Mayer ve Frantz (2004) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve Türkçe ‘ye Bektaş, Kural ve Orçan (2017) tarafından uyarlanmıştır. Veriler toplanırken öğrencilerin yaş, cinsiyet ve antropometrik özelliklerine (Boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ) ait ön test ve son test veriler alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, ölçeğin her iki boyutunda erkek ve kız öğrenciler ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulmuştur; genel olarak, doğa sporları dersine katılan öğrencilerin doğaya bağlılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma, öğrencilerin doğaya bağlılıklarını ortaya çıkarmak için istatistikleri kullanan bir çalışmadır. Bu araştırmanın ana bulgusu doğa sporları eğitimi doğaya bağlılığı artırmak için oldukça etkilidir. Yetişkinlerin doğaya bağlılıklarını artırmak için doğa sporları eğitimi verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğaya bağlılık
• çevre
• öğrenci
• Doğa sporları
• Devotion to nature
• Environment
• Student
• Outdoor sports

Investigation of Adults' Levels of Devotion to Nature: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Study

Öz

This study aimed to determine the level of devotion of the students who take the outdoor sports training to nature. It is a quantitative study, including a total of 220 students, 130 boys, and 90 girls, who took elective and compulsory outdoor sports training at Kırıkkale University in the 2021-2022 academic year. The scale used in the research was developed by Mayer and Frantz (2004) and adapted to Turkish by Bektaş et al. (2017). While collecting the data, pre-test and post-test data regarding the students' age, gender, and anthropometric characteristics (height, body weight, body fat) were taken. Analysis results found significant differences between male and female students and the control group in both dimensions of the scale; In general, it was observed that the students who took the training the outdoor sport training had higher levels of devotion to nature. The main finding of this research is that outdoor sports training is very effective in increasing the devotion to nature. Outdoor sports training should be given to increase adults' devotion to nature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Devotion to nature
• Environment
• Student
• Outdoor sports

Kaynakça

1. Balci, V., Çakaloğlu, E., Erdeveciler, Ö., Bolat, O., & Çelik, A. (2021). Examination of the attachment to nature of individuals engaged in physical activity in closed areas. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 19(3), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.901794
2. Barton, J., Bragg, R., Pretty, J., Roberts, J., & Wood, C. (2016). The wilderness expedition: An effective life course intervention to improve young people’s well-being and connectedness to nature. Journal of Experiential Education, 39(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259156269
3. Bektaş, F., Kural, B., & Orçan, F. (2017). Turkish adaptation of the nature devotion scale: A Validity and reliability study. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 11(1), 77-86.
4. Bond, M. L., Barisha, K., Clark, K., Chugu, F. D., Madeli, J. M., Magayane, R., ... & Danoff-Burg, J. (2022). Education as a tool to live in harmony with nature. In C. Kiffner, M. L. Bond, D. E. Lee (Editors), Tarangire: Human-wildlife coexistence in a fragmented ecosystem (pp. 339-363). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4_16.
5. Bruni, C. M., Fraser, J., & Schultz, P. W. (2008). The value of zoo experiences for connecting people with nature. Visitor Studies, 11(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/10645570802355489
6. Cinar, B., & Duran, A. (2021). The Effect of devotion to nature on motivation to participate in nature walks. Turkish Journal of Tourism Research, 5(1), 754–766. https://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2021.691
7. Çelik, E.O. (2021). Examination of the levels of devotion to nature, conscious awareness, self-control of individuals engaged in mountaineering sports. Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
8. Demir, E., & Yalçın, H. (2014). Environmental education in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews, (2), 7-18.

9. Güler, M., Kozak, M., Certel, Z., & Yanar, N. (2021). Inactivity and stress brought about by the covid-19 pandemic: What is the situation with university students? IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, (16), 200–222. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.6018.
10. Göger, S., Cingil, D., & Kılavuz, Ö. G. (2019). Determining the healthy life style behaviors and the levels of physical activity of women who are registered to a sports center. Journal of Health and Society, 29(1), 89-97.
11. Haluza, D., Simic, S., Höltge, J., Cervinka, R., & Moshammer, H. (2014). Connectedness to nature and public (skin) health perspectives: Results of a representative, population-based survey among Austrian residents. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(1), 1176-1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110101176
12. Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual review of public health, 35, 207-228. https:// doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443
13. Hopkins, W. G, Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A.M., Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 41(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
14. Hutson, G., Montgomery, D., & Caneday, L. (2010). Perceptions of nature recreation professionals toward place meanings in natural environments: A Q-method inquiry. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(3), 417-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2010.11950212.
15. Karademir, Y. (2017). Teacher candidates' levels of devotion to nature and ethical attitudes (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Institute of Science and Technology, Muğla.
16. Koç, H., & Karatekin, K. (2013). Examination of environmental literacy levels of geography teacher candidates in terms of various variables. Marmara Journal of Geography, 28, 139-174.
17. Lindberg, K., Veisten, K., & Halse, A. H. (2019). Analyzing the deeper motivations for nature-based tourism facility demand: A Hybrid choice model of preferences for a reindeer visitor center. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 19(2), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1482565.
18. Mayer, F. S., & Frantz, C. M. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A Measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature. Journal of environmental psychology, 24(4), 503-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.10.001
19. Musitu-Ferrer, D., León-Moreno, C., Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E., Esteban-Ibáñez, M., & Musitu-Ochoa, G. (2019). Relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature: Their implications in environmentalism. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142461
20. Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2009). The nature relatedness scale: Linking individuals' connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and behavior, 41(5), 715-740. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139165083187
21. Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2011). Happiness is in our nature: Exploring nature relatedness as a contributor to subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(2), 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9197-7
22. Özgün, B. B., & Özgün, V. (2019). Importance of relationship with nature: Example of classroom and pre-school teacher candidates. Karaelmas Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1), 37-56.
23. Park, N., Park, M., & Peterson, C. (2010). When is the search for meaning related to life satisfaction? Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01024.x.
24. Pereira, M., & Forster, P. (2015). The relationship between connectedness to nature, environmental values, and pro-environmental behaviours. Reinvention: An international journal of undergraduate research, 8(2), 1-22.
25. Perkins, H. E. (2010). Measuring love and care for nature. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(4), 455-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.05.004.
26. Petersen, E., Fiske, A. P., & Schubert, T. W. (2019). The role of social relational emotions for human-nature connectedness. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1-6. Article 2759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02759
27. Portney, P. R. (2000). Environmental problems and policy: 2000-2050. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(1), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.1.199
28. Rosa, C. D., & Collado, S. (2019). Experiences in nature and environmental attitudes and behaviors: Setting the ground for future research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-9. Article 763. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00763.
29. Schultz, W.P., Shriver, C., Tabanico, J. J., & Khazian, A. M. (2004). Implicit connections with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(03)00022-7
30. Schultz, P. (2002). Inclusion with nature: The psychology of human-nature relations. In P. Schmuck, W. P. Schultz (Editors). Psychology of sustainable development (pp. 61-78). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0995-0_4
31. Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
32. Sümbül, S., Asma, M., & Yıldız, K. (2019). The predictive effect of curiosity and discovery tendencies of nature athletes on their life satisfaction levels. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(2), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.566576
33. Tauber, P. G. (2012). An exploration of the relationships among connectedness to nature, quality of life, and mental health. Utah State University (Master of science, Logan, Utah).
34. Tağrikulu, P., Gül, A. C., & Çobanoğlu, E. O. (2021). Determination of Nature Attachment Levels of Pre-service Teachers. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 40(1), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.828434.
35. Türk, S., Jakob, E., Krämer, A., & Roth, R. (2004). Nature recreation activities in nature protection areas: Situation in Germany. 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2014.948802.
36. Wilson, R. (2007). Nature and young children: Encouraging creative play and learning in natural environments. Routledge.
37. Vining, J., Merrick, M. S., & Price, E. A. (2008). The distinction between humans and nature: Human perceptions of connectedness to nature and elements of the natural and unnatural. Human Ecology Review, 15(1), 1-11.
38. Yağın, F. H., Güldoğan, E., & Colak, C. (2021). A web-based software for the calculation of theoretical probability distributions. The Journal of Cognitive Systems, 6(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.52876/jcs.878742
39. Yağın, B., Yağın, F. H., Gözükara, H., & Colak, C. (2021). A Web-Based Software for Reporting Guidelines of Scientific Researches. The Journal of Cognitive Systems, 6(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.52876/jcs.916182
40. Yanar, N., & Güler, M. (2021). Do daily step counts during the pandemic affect the body composition and mental well-being of university students? European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 7(3), 117-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i3.3967
41. Yılgın, A. (2021). Investigation of the effects of participation barriers and motivation on life skills regarding recreation area use. Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
42. Yıldız, K., Güzel, P., Çetinöz, F., & Beşikçi, T. (2017). Nature camp effects on athletes: Orienteering example. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 1(104), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i104.18.
43. Yildiz, K. (2022). Experiential learning from the perspective of nature education leaders. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100343, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100343 6.
44. Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., Iyer, R. (2014). Engagement with natural beauty moderates the positive relation between connectedness with nature and psychological well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 55- 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.013
45. Zelenski, J. M., & Nisbet, E. K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: The distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and behavior, 46(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451.