Futbolcularda Biyomotorik Becerilerin Öngörülmesinde Alt Ekstremite Nöromüsküler Kontrol ve Stabilitenin Rolü

Öz

Futbol birçok motor becerinin kullanılmasını gerektiren karmaşık bir spordur. Bu becerilerin doğru kullanımı oyuncuların doğru ve hızlı kararlar alabilmesi anlamına gelir. Sporda kinetik zincir, sporcunun spora özgü görevleri yerine getirebilmesi için vücut bölümlerinin nöromüsküler koordinasyonunu devreye sokan bir mekanizmadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, futbolcularda alt ekstremite nöromüsküler kontrol ve stabilitenin, biyomotorik becerilerin öngörülmesindeki rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmaya 53 erkek futbolcu (yaş: 16,49±1,13 yıl; boy: 1,75±0,06 m; vücut ağırlığı: 64,94±9,58 kg; spor deneyimi: 5,11±1,78 yıl; Vücut kitle indeksi [VKİ]: 20,99±2,28 kg/m2) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu,” “20 Metre Sürat Testi,” “Durarak Uzun Atlama,” “505 Çeviklik testi,” ve “Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Alt Ekstremite Stabilite Testi (KKZAEST)” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri Pearson Korelasyon Testi ve regresyon analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, futbolcuların biyomotorik becerileri ile KKZAEST puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (tüm değişkenler için; p>0,212; r<0,130). Ancak, çeviklik ile sürat arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon (r = 0,349, p = 0,010) bulunmuş, çeviklik ile uzun atlama arasında ise negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r = -0,575, p < 0,001). Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ise, uzun atlama KKZAEST varyansının %0,0002’sini (R² = 0,000002, β = -0,019), çeviklik %1,7’sini (R² = 0,017, β = 1,54) ve sürat %3,0’ını (R² = 0,030, β = -2,87) açıklamaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, biyomotor performans ile nöromüsküler kontrol ve stabilite testi puanları arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, sürat ve çeviklik arasında pozitif yönlü, uzun atlama ile çeviklik arasında ise negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, biyomotorsal performans düzeyi birbirine yakın sporcuların ayrımını yapabilmek adına birden fazla testin eşzamanlı kullanılması gerektiği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çeviklik
• Futbol
• Kapalı Kinetik Zincir
• Kuvvet
• Sprint

The Role of Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Control and Stability in Predicting Biomotor Skills in Soccer Players

Abstract

Soccer is a complex sport that requires the utilization of multiple motor skills. The effective use of these skills enables players to make accurate and quick decisions. The kinetic chain in sports is a mechanism that activates neuromuscular coordination of the body segments to perform sport-specific tasks. In this context, this study aims to examine the role of lower extremity neuromuscular control and stability in predicting biomotor skills in soccer players. This study was designed with descriptive and relational survey models from quantitative research methods. A total of 53 male soccer players voluntarily participated in the study. The data collection tools included the “Personal Information Form,” “20 Meter Sprint Test,” “Standing Long Jump,” “505 Agility Test,” and the “Closed Kinetic Chain Lower Extremity Stability Test (CKCLEST).” The data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Test and regression analysis. According to the analysis, no significant relationship was found between the biomotor skills of the athletes and the CKCLEST points (for all variables; p>0.212; r<0.130). However, a significant positive correlation was found between agility and sprint performance (r = 0.349, p = 0.010), and a significant negative correlation was identified between agility and long jump performance (r = -0.575, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the long jump explained 0.0002% of the CKCLEST variance (R² = 0.000002, β = -0.019), agility explained 1.7% (R² = 0.017, β = 1.54), and sprint explained 3.0% (R² = 0.030, β = -2.87). The findings showed no significant correlation between biomotor performance and the neuromuscular control and stability test points. However, significant positive relationships were observed between agility and sprint, and a significant negative relationship between long jump and agility. In conclusion, the findings suggest that multiple tests should be used simultaneously to differentiate athletes with similar biomotor performance levels.

Keywords

• Agility
• Soccer
• Closed kinetic chain
• Strength
• Sprint

Kaynakça

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