The Effect of Different Programs of Exercise on The Expression of Genes Associated with Endurance and Energy Metabolism

Öz

Physical exercise promotes the energy metabolism of the body. While physiological changes occuring in human body after regular exercise is well defined, it is not known how the body’s response changes during the time course of the exercise. Here, we investigated how the acute and chronic exercise alters expressions of genes related to energy metabolism and endurance. Our study investigated the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the expression of genes related to energy metabolism (AMPD1, PPARA) and endurance (ADRB2). Study group; was formed with 24 people: 12 healthy females and 12 healthy males. Maximal oxygen use capacities of the participants were determined by the Bruce test protocol at the beginning and end of the 8-week training program. After calculating their maximal oxygen use capacity, each participant was given an acute running exercise on the tread mill at the speed and incline that the participant would reach to his/her maxVO2 until he/she exhausted. The same people were built to continuous runs (%50-70) once every 8 weeks, and two days of medium-term interval training program (%90-95). Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after acute exercise and immediately after chronic exercises. RNA isolation was performed using TRIzol Reagent from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Gene expression was determined by Biomark Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Gene expression data was quantified by using both t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical level of p <0.05 was taken. Our results show that ADRB2 and AMPD1 gene expression values increase in women after acute exercise. There were changes in the mean values of ADRB2, AMPD1, PPARA gene expressions in both men and women after the 8-week training program compared to pre-acute exercise. Expression of PPARA gene significantly decreased after exercise compared to pre-exercise only for the female group. This study is important in developing ideas about gene expressions of genes related to energy training and endurance with different selections and different exercise programs. Our results; this suggests that different training programs on different genders are important in terms of giving an idea about the gene expressions of genes related to energy metabolism and endurance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• Gene Expression
• Energy Metabolism
• Endurance

Farklı Egzersiz Programlarının Dayanıklılık ve Enerji Metabolizması ile İlişkili Genlerin İfadesine Etkisi

Öz

Fiziksel egzersiz vücudun enerji metabolizmasını destekler. Düzenli egzersiz sonrası insan vücudunda meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler iyi tanımlanmış olmasına rağmen, egzersiz sırasında vücudun tepkisinin nasıl değiştiği bilinmemektedir. Çalışmamızda enerji metabolizması (AMPD1, PPARA) ve dayanıklılık (ADRB2) ile ilgili genlerin ekspresyonu üzerine akut ve kronik egzersizin etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışma grubu, 12 kadın, 12 erkek toplam 24 kişiden oluşturuldu. Çalışmaya katılan kişilerin maksimal oksijen kullanma kapasiteleri, 8 haftalık antrenman programlarının başında ve sonunda Bruce test protokolü ile oransal olarak belirlendi. Maksimal oksijen kullanma kapasiteleri hesaplandıktan sonra, her katılımcıya koşu bandında kendi maksVO2’sine ulaştığı hız ve eğimde, tükenene kadar akut koşu egzersizi yaptırıldı. Aynı kişilere 8 hafta boyunca haftada bir gün sürekli koşular (%50–70), iki gün orta süreli interval antrenman programı (%90-95) uygulandı. Akut egzersiz öncesi ve sonrası ile kronik egzersizlerden hemen sonra periferik kan örnekleri alındı. TRIzol yardımıyla RNA izolasyonu yapıldı. Kantitatif Real Time PCR cihazı ile mültipleks olarak genlerin ekspresyonu belirlendi. Karşılaştırmalar hesaplanmış gen ekspresyon değerleri ile nicel veriler için bağımsız iki örneklem t testi, Mann-Whitney U kullanılarak yapıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak alındı. Sonuçlarımız, akut egzersiz sonrası kadınlarda ADRB2 ve AMPD1 gen ekspresyon değerlerinin arttığını göstermektedir. Akut egzersiz öncesine göre 8 haftalık antrenman programından sonra hem erkek hem de kadınlarda ADRB2, AMPD1, PPARA gen ekspresyonlarının ortalama değerlerinde değişiklikler oldu. PPARA geninin ekspresyonu, sadece kadın grubu için egzersiz öncesi ile karşılaştırıldığında egzersizden sonra önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Sonuçlarımız; farklı cinsiyetler üzerinde yapılan farklı antrenman programlarının enerji metabolizması ve dayanıklılık ile ilgili genelerin, gen ekspresyonları hakkında fikir vermesi konusunda önemli olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Gen İfadesi
• Enerji Metabolizması
• Dayanıklılık

Kaynakça

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