Investigation of the Relationship among Crisis Management, Decision-Making and Self-Confidence Based on Sport Managers in Turkey
Yıl 2022,
, 49 - 67, 30.06.2022
Davut Atılgan
,
Turgut Kaplan
Öz
Sports Management is one of the most important areas of the sport industry and covers many different areas. In any institution, manager/s involved in a private sector or public institutions may have difficulties making a right decision in favour of their institutions during a crisis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among crisis management, decision-making styles, and self-confidence skills in decision-making among sport managers. The sample of the study consists of 226 managers working as sports managers in central and provincial institutions of the general directorate of sport services in Turkey. This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review on the relevant subject and designed in line with the general thoughts and opinions of the managers working at the managerial level. The study is a descriptive study conducted via a relational survey model. During data analysis, the results obtained from correlation and regression analyzes were given along with discussions and interpretations. The initial result indicated that sports managers have high self-confidence in decision-making. According to regression analysis, only the internal-self-confidence was found to be a significant predictor of the decision-making style.
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their comprehensive and constructive feedback that guided us to improve the manuscript.
Kaynakça
- Akagündüz, N. (2006). Self-confidence concept in human life. Umraniye Guidance and Research Center Directorate Publications.
- Aktaş, S. (2014). The comparison of decision-making styles of managers at Youth and Sports Ministry and Education Ministry. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Dumlupınar University Health Sciences Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kutahya.
- Atılgan, D., & Kaplan, T. (2018). Crisis management in sport. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 3(1), 72-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26899/inciss.23
- Atılgan, D. (2018). Investıgatıng the relatıonshıp between self-confıdence levels and decısıon makıng styles of physıcal educatıon teachers and traıners. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20(4), 8-22.
- Atılgan, (2018). Investıgatıon of the relationship among crisis management, decision making and self-confidence skill levels of managers in sports management. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Selçuk University Health Sciences Institute, Konya.
- Atılgan, D., & Kaplan, T. (2019). Analysis of sport managers' crisis management, decision-making and self confidence skills in terms of some demographic variables. In M. Ilkım, F. Akçınar (Ed.), New Academic Studies in Sports-2 (89- 127). Academician Bookstore A.Ş. Sonçağ Typography.
- Bamford, D., Hannibal, C., Kauppi, K., & Dehe, Benjamin. (2018). Sports operations management: examining the relationship between environmental uncertainty and quality management orientation, European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(5), 563-582, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1442486
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Boin, A., & Hart, P. T. (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: mission impossible?. Public administration review, 63(5), 544-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00318
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Manual of data analysis for social sciences. Pegem Academy.
- Can, M. C. (2017). Crisis management in sports and a case study: Referees taken hostage in Trabzon. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 4(15), 1952-1959.
- Çetinalp, H. (2014). Crisis management in sports companies. Unpublished Master's thesis, Haliç University Institute of Social Sciences Business Administration Program, Istanbul.
- Demir, F.O. (2008). Crisis management strategies and crisis communication. FBE Journal 2008-2009, 10(11), 1-24.
- Deniz, M. E. (2004). A Research on the relationship between university students' self-esteem, decision-making styles and problem-solving methods in decision-making. Journal of Educational Research, 4(15), 25- 35.
- Deniz, M. E. (2004). Investigation of the relation between decision-making self- esteem, decision-making style and problem-solving skills of university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15, 23-35.
- Devecioğlu, S. (2003). Crisis management in sports organizations. Physical Education and Sports Social Fields Congress, Ankara Verbal.
- Doğan, K. (2010). Examining the relationships between organizational learning and crisis management. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Kadir Has University Institute of Social Sciences Department: Business Administration Program, Istanbul.
- Durmuş, A. (2013). The role of the maneger to exit from global crisis. Turkey Social Policy and Labor Studies Journal, 3(5), 25-30.
- Erdil, T. S. (2018). Crisis and emergency management. S. Çapar (Ed.), Coordination in safety related emergencies in (3-6). 1. Issue. TIAV.
Eren, E. (2008). Management and organization: Contemporary and global approaches. Beta Publishing Distribution.
- Eren, E., Kusan, M., Çavuşoğlu, G., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). Examination of decision-making styles of sports faculty and other faculty students according to some variables. Sports and Recreation Journal for Everyone, 2(1), 62-68.
- Erten, Ş. (2011). Crisis management understanding in Turkish public administration. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Isparta.
- Esentaş, M., Işıkgöz, E., Doğan, P.K., & Şahin, H. M. (2017). The Self-confidence levels of the youth camp female leader candidates. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 315-328.
- Filiz, E. (2007). Crisis management in Turkish public administration. Alfa Current Publications.
- Grohs, R., Wieser, V. E. & Pristach, M. (2020). Value cocreation at sport events, European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(1), 69-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1702708
- Gül, M., & Hergüner, B. (2019). The factors influencing the level of self-confidence of school administrators: A case study in Trabzon. ARHUSS, 2(1), 1-18.
- Güleryüz, İ. (2015). Crisis management process, a case study: The soma disaster. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration and Organization Program, İzmir.
- Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S. D., Hall, R. (2004). Self-confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(4), 477-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S14690292(03)00040-2
- Işık, M. (2012). The approaches of the nurse managers towards crisis management. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Haliç University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Karakuş, A., & İnandı, Y. (2018). The crisis in the schools of middle school administrators examining their situation management skills. Mersin University Journal of Education, 14(2), 500-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.442864
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific research method. (26th Edition). Nobel Publishing.
- Kasatura, İ. (1998). Personality and self-confidence. Evrim Publishing House.
- Küçükay, A. (2018). Psychology of decision making. Journal of the Justice Academy of Turkey, (35), 607-640.
- Lane, J. (2009). Global Crisis Management. World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 6, 357-360. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812833389_0024
- Lindenfield, G. (1997). Assert yourself. Harper Thorsons.
- Luecke, R. (2009). Improve your crisis management, disaster prevention skills. Turkey Isbank Cultural Publications.
Mann, L., Radford, M., Burnett, P., Ford, S., Band, M., Leung, K., Nakamura, H., Vaughan, G., & Yang, K.S. (1998). Cross-cultural differences in self-reported decision-making style and confidence. International Journal of Psychology, 33(5), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075998400213
- Okyay, B. (2012). Comparison of employees and employers in terms of self confidence level and personal growth initiative abilities. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Maltepe University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Psychology Industrial and Organizational Psychology Master Program, Istanbul.
- Okkay, İ. (2019). The importance of crisis management in the globalized world. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE), 6(3), 308-317.
- Öğüt, A., Akgemci, T., & Demirsel, M. T. (2004). Employee motivation process in organizations in the context of strategic human resources management. Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 12, 277-290.
- Özodaşık, M. (2015). Public relations in the communication and communication process. In S. Banar (Ed.), Public Relations and Communication, (138-169). Eskişehir Anadolu University Publication.
- Pira, A., & Sohodol, Ç. (2004). Crisis management: An evaluation in terms of public relations. (1st Edition). Communication Publications.
- Sancez, A.C.J., Calvo, A.L., Bunuel., P.S., & Godoy, S.J.I. (2009). Decision-making of Spanish female basketball team players while they are competing. revista de psicologia del deporte, 18, 369-373.
- Sato, S., Ko, Y. J., Park, C., & Tao, W. (2015). Athlete reputational crisis and consumer evaluation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 434-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1065895
- Sayın, N. (2008). Examination of crisis management strategy in secondary education institutions (Istanbul Province Example). [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Administration and Supervision, Istanbul.
- Sevimli, F. (2021). COVİD-19 pandemic and its social effects. Habitus Journal of Sociology, 2(2), 55-69.
- Soner, O. (1995). Relationships between family cohesion, student self-confidence and academic success. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul.
- Tekin, M., Özmutlu, İ., & Erhan, S. E. (2009). Examination of decision-making and thinking styles of students attending special aptitude exams. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 42-56.
- Tekin, Ö. F. (2015). The importance of crisis management and public administration. Journal of Vocational School of Social Sciences, Selçuk University, 18(2), 119-135.
- Thomas, O., Lane, A., & Kingston, K. (2011). Defining and contextualizing robust sport confidence. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(2), 189-208.
- Tüz, M. V. (2001). Crisis and business management. Alfa Printing Publishing.
- Vealey, R. S. (2003). Self-confidence in athletes. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (pp. 361-368). Academic Press.
- Vealey, R. S. (2009). Confidence in sport. In B. W. Brewer (Ed.), Handbook of sports medicine and science sport psychology (pp.43-52). Blackwell Publishing.
- Yalman, G. (2019). Neoliberalism, crisis and the state. Journal of Mulkiye, 43(1), 185-192.
- Yavaş, H. (2001). Earthquake risk in İzmir within the scope of natural disaster management and local agenda 21 studies. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 3(3), 118-138.
- Yetim, A. (1996). Leadership in sports management. Ankara, Gazi University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 3, 85-94.
- Yetim, A. A. (2000). Social appearance of sport. Ankara, Gazi University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,5(1), 63-72.
- Yıldırım, A. (2018). A research on crisis management in the context of football clubs in sports public relations in Turkey. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Public Relations and Publicity Department. Istanbul.
- Zehir, C. (2018). Crisis and emergency management. In S. Çapar (Ed.), Effective crisis management process and strategies (33-56). TIAV.
Türkiye'de Spor Yöneticilerinde Kriz Yönetimi, Karar Verme ve Özgüven Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2022,
, 49 - 67, 30.06.2022
Davut Atılgan
,
Turgut Kaplan
Öz
Spor Yönetimi, spor endüstrisinin en önemli alanlarından biridir ve birçok farklı alanı kapsar. Herhangi bir yerde herhangi bir kurumda, özel sektör veya kamu kurumlarında yer alan yönetici veya yöneticiler, kriz anında kurumları lehinde doğru bir karar vermekte zorlanabilirler. Bu araştırmada spor yöneticilerinin kriz yönetimi beceri düzeyleri, karar vermede öz-saygı düzeyleri, karar verme stilleri ve öz-güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'de Spor Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğüne bağlı merkez ve taşra kurumlarında spor yöneticisi olarak görev yapan 226 yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma çalışmamız öncelikle konularımıza ilişkin kapsamlı literatür çalışmalarını içermiş, daha sonra yönetim kademesinde görev yapan yöneticilerin genel düşünce ve görüşleri doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. Araştırma betimsel bir araştırma olup ilişkisel tarama modeli uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde korelasyon ve regrasyon analizleri yapılarak ulaşılan sonuçlar çalışmada verilmiş tartışma ve yorumları yapılmıştır. İlk sonucumuz spor yöneticilerinin karar vermede yüksek özgüvene sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Regresyon analizine göre sadece içsel özgüvenin karar verme stilinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Akagündüz, N. (2006). Self-confidence concept in human life. Umraniye Guidance and Research Center Directorate Publications.
- Aktaş, S. (2014). The comparison of decision-making styles of managers at Youth and Sports Ministry and Education Ministry. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Dumlupınar University Health Sciences Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kutahya.
- Atılgan, D., & Kaplan, T. (2018). Crisis management in sport. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 3(1), 72-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26899/inciss.23
- Atılgan, D. (2018). Investıgatıng the relatıonshıp between self-confıdence levels and decısıon makıng styles of physıcal educatıon teachers and traıners. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20(4), 8-22.
- Atılgan, (2018). Investıgatıon of the relationship among crisis management, decision making and self-confidence skill levels of managers in sports management. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Selçuk University Health Sciences Institute, Konya.
- Atılgan, D., & Kaplan, T. (2019). Analysis of sport managers' crisis management, decision-making and self confidence skills in terms of some demographic variables. In M. Ilkım, F. Akçınar (Ed.), New Academic Studies in Sports-2 (89- 127). Academician Bookstore A.Ş. Sonçağ Typography.
- Bamford, D., Hannibal, C., Kauppi, K., & Dehe, Benjamin. (2018). Sports operations management: examining the relationship between environmental uncertainty and quality management orientation, European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(5), 563-582, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1442486
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Boin, A., & Hart, P. T. (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: mission impossible?. Public administration review, 63(5), 544-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00318
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Manual of data analysis for social sciences. Pegem Academy.
- Can, M. C. (2017). Crisis management in sports and a case study: Referees taken hostage in Trabzon. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 4(15), 1952-1959.
- Çetinalp, H. (2014). Crisis management in sports companies. Unpublished Master's thesis, Haliç University Institute of Social Sciences Business Administration Program, Istanbul.
- Demir, F.O. (2008). Crisis management strategies and crisis communication. FBE Journal 2008-2009, 10(11), 1-24.
- Deniz, M. E. (2004). A Research on the relationship between university students' self-esteem, decision-making styles and problem-solving methods in decision-making. Journal of Educational Research, 4(15), 25- 35.
- Deniz, M. E. (2004). Investigation of the relation between decision-making self- esteem, decision-making style and problem-solving skills of university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15, 23-35.
- Devecioğlu, S. (2003). Crisis management in sports organizations. Physical Education and Sports Social Fields Congress, Ankara Verbal.
- Doğan, K. (2010). Examining the relationships between organizational learning and crisis management. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Kadir Has University Institute of Social Sciences Department: Business Administration Program, Istanbul.
- Durmuş, A. (2013). The role of the maneger to exit from global crisis. Turkey Social Policy and Labor Studies Journal, 3(5), 25-30.
- Erdil, T. S. (2018). Crisis and emergency management. S. Çapar (Ed.), Coordination in safety related emergencies in (3-6). 1. Issue. TIAV.
Eren, E. (2008). Management and organization: Contemporary and global approaches. Beta Publishing Distribution.
- Eren, E., Kusan, M., Çavuşoğlu, G., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). Examination of decision-making styles of sports faculty and other faculty students according to some variables. Sports and Recreation Journal for Everyone, 2(1), 62-68.
- Erten, Ş. (2011). Crisis management understanding in Turkish public administration. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Isparta.
- Esentaş, M., Işıkgöz, E., Doğan, P.K., & Şahin, H. M. (2017). The Self-confidence levels of the youth camp female leader candidates. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 315-328.
- Filiz, E. (2007). Crisis management in Turkish public administration. Alfa Current Publications.
- Grohs, R., Wieser, V. E. & Pristach, M. (2020). Value cocreation at sport events, European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(1), 69-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1702708
- Gül, M., & Hergüner, B. (2019). The factors influencing the level of self-confidence of school administrators: A case study in Trabzon. ARHUSS, 2(1), 1-18.
- Güleryüz, İ. (2015). Crisis management process, a case study: The soma disaster. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration and Organization Program, İzmir.
- Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S. D., Hall, R. (2004). Self-confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(4), 477-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S14690292(03)00040-2
- Işık, M. (2012). The approaches of the nurse managers towards crisis management. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Haliç University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Karakuş, A., & İnandı, Y. (2018). The crisis in the schools of middle school administrators examining their situation management skills. Mersin University Journal of Education, 14(2), 500-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.442864
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific research method. (26th Edition). Nobel Publishing.
- Kasatura, İ. (1998). Personality and self-confidence. Evrim Publishing House.
- Küçükay, A. (2018). Psychology of decision making. Journal of the Justice Academy of Turkey, (35), 607-640.
- Lane, J. (2009). Global Crisis Management. World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 6, 357-360. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812833389_0024
- Lindenfield, G. (1997). Assert yourself. Harper Thorsons.
- Luecke, R. (2009). Improve your crisis management, disaster prevention skills. Turkey Isbank Cultural Publications.
Mann, L., Radford, M., Burnett, P., Ford, S., Band, M., Leung, K., Nakamura, H., Vaughan, G., & Yang, K.S. (1998). Cross-cultural differences in self-reported decision-making style and confidence. International Journal of Psychology, 33(5), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075998400213
- Okyay, B. (2012). Comparison of employees and employers in terms of self confidence level and personal growth initiative abilities. [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Maltepe University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Psychology Industrial and Organizational Psychology Master Program, Istanbul.
- Okkay, İ. (2019). The importance of crisis management in the globalized world. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE), 6(3), 308-317.
- Öğüt, A., Akgemci, T., & Demirsel, M. T. (2004). Employee motivation process in organizations in the context of strategic human resources management. Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 12, 277-290.
- Özodaşık, M. (2015). Public relations in the communication and communication process. In S. Banar (Ed.), Public Relations and Communication, (138-169). Eskişehir Anadolu University Publication.
- Pira, A., & Sohodol, Ç. (2004). Crisis management: An evaluation in terms of public relations. (1st Edition). Communication Publications.
- Sancez, A.C.J., Calvo, A.L., Bunuel., P.S., & Godoy, S.J.I. (2009). Decision-making of Spanish female basketball team players while they are competing. revista de psicologia del deporte, 18, 369-373.
- Sato, S., Ko, Y. J., Park, C., & Tao, W. (2015). Athlete reputational crisis and consumer evaluation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 434-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1065895
- Sayın, N. (2008). Examination of crisis management strategy in secondary education institutions (Istanbul Province Example). [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Administration and Supervision, Istanbul.
- Sevimli, F. (2021). COVİD-19 pandemic and its social effects. Habitus Journal of Sociology, 2(2), 55-69.
- Soner, O. (1995). Relationships between family cohesion, student self-confidence and academic success. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul.
- Tekin, M., Özmutlu, İ., & Erhan, S. E. (2009). Examination of decision-making and thinking styles of students attending special aptitude exams. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 42-56.
- Tekin, Ö. F. (2015). The importance of crisis management and public administration. Journal of Vocational School of Social Sciences, Selçuk University, 18(2), 119-135.
- Thomas, O., Lane, A., & Kingston, K. (2011). Defining and contextualizing robust sport confidence. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(2), 189-208.
- Tüz, M. V. (2001). Crisis and business management. Alfa Printing Publishing.
- Vealey, R. S. (2003). Self-confidence in athletes. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (pp. 361-368). Academic Press.
- Vealey, R. S. (2009). Confidence in sport. In B. W. Brewer (Ed.), Handbook of sports medicine and science sport psychology (pp.43-52). Blackwell Publishing.
- Yalman, G. (2019). Neoliberalism, crisis and the state. Journal of Mulkiye, 43(1), 185-192.
- Yavaş, H. (2001). Earthquake risk in İzmir within the scope of natural disaster management and local agenda 21 studies. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 3(3), 118-138.
- Yetim, A. (1996). Leadership in sports management. Ankara, Gazi University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 3, 85-94.
- Yetim, A. A. (2000). Social appearance of sport. Ankara, Gazi University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,5(1), 63-72.
- Yıldırım, A. (2018). A research on crisis management in the context of football clubs in sports public relations in Turkey. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Public Relations and Publicity Department. Istanbul.
- Zehir, C. (2018). Crisis and emergency management. In S. Çapar (Ed.), Effective crisis management process and strategies (33-56). TIAV.