Comparison of Effects on the Movement Velocity of Resistance, Pliometric and Complex Training Methods Applied to Martial Art

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 44 - 54, 30.06.2020

Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu Nuri Topsakal , İbrahim Can

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.690103

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of resistance, pliometric and complex training methods on the velocity of movement. For this purpose, 30 students who study at Gümüşhane University School of Physical Education and Sports and continue their active sports life in combat sports were randomly divided into three different experimental groups (plyometric, resistance, complex training group). The control group of the study consisted of 10 students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences of Düzce University. In both the pre-test and post-test measurements, the squat jumping exercise was performed at external loads corresponding to 40% of their own weight, and the mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and peak velocity (PV) values were obtained by using dynamic measurement system (T-Force dynamic measurement system). In the evaluation of the data; Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon analysis methods were used. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for the 8-week pliometric, resistance and complex training applications in terms of MV, MPV and PV values obtained in the loaded-squat jump exercise (p<0.05). As a result, it was obtained that three different strength training protocol developed the velocity parameters and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Martial Arts, Training, Movement Velocity

Dövüş Sporcularına Uygulanan Direnç, Pliometrik ve Kompleks Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Hareket Hızına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dövüş sporcularına uygulanan direnç, pliometrik ve kompleks antrenman yöntemlerinin hareket hızına etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmaya katılmak için Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören ve mücadele sporlarında aktif spor yaşantısını sürdüren 30 öğrenci rastgele olarak üç farklı deney grubuna (pliometrik, direnç, kompleks antrenman grubu) ayrıldı. Araştırmanın kontrol grubu Düzce Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 10 öğrenciden oluşturuldu. Katılımcılara hem ön-test hem de son-test ölçümlerinde kendi kilolarının %40 oranına karşılık olan dış yüklerde squat sıçraması egzersizi uygulandı ve ortalama hız (OH) değeri, ortalama itme hızı (OİH) değeri ve zirve hız (ZH) değeri dinamik ölçüm sistemi (T-Force dinamik ölçüm sistemi) vasıtasıyla elde edildi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Kolmogrov-Smirnov Normallik Testi, Kruskal Wallis ve Wilcoxon analiz yöntemleri kullanıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, 8 haftalık pliometrik, direnç ve kompleks antrenmanlarından sonra gruplar arasında ağırlıklı squat sıçrama egzersizinde elde edilen OH, OİH, ZH değerleri bakımından istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir farklılığın mevcut olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, üç farklı kuvvet antrenman protokolünün de hız parametresini geliştirdiği ve gruplar arasında istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu elde edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dövüş Sporları, Antrenman, Hareket Hızı

Kaynakça

• Beachle, T.R., Earle, R.W. & Wathen, D. (2008). Resistance training. Beachle, T.R., & Earle, R.W. (Ed). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (381-412). United States: Human Kinetics
• Brumitt, J. (2010). Core assessment and training. United States: Human Kinetics.
• Bompa, T.O. (2013). Plyometrik: Sporda çabuk kuvvet antrenmanı (Çeviri: Bağırgan, T.) Ankara: Spor Yayınevi ve Kitapevi.
• Can, I. (2017). Comparison of power, velocity and force parameters during loaded squat jump exercise in the handball and arm wrestling players. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(12), 92-98. https://doi:10.11114/jets.v5i12.2057.
• Can, I., Özmen, M. & Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2017). Antrenmanlı sporcularda çeviklik ve ağırlıklı squat sıçrama egzersizi esnasındaki hız ve güç değerleri arasındaki ilişki. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 136-144.
• Can, I., Cihan, H., Arı, E. & Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2018). Comparison of the velocity and power parameters during loaded squat jump exercise of national athletes in different branches. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(5), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3132.
• Chu, D.A. (1998). Jumping into plyometrics: 100 Exercises for power & strength. United States: Human Kinetics.
• Cormie, P., McGuigan, M.R. & Newton, R.U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2-training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 41(2), 125-146. https://doi:org/10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000.
• Dal-Pupo, J., Detanico, D., & Dos-Santos, S.G. (2012). Kinetic parameters as determinants of vertical jump performance. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 14(1), 41-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n1p41.
• Ebben, W.P. (2002). Complex training: A brief review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1(2), 42-46.
• Fleck, S.J. & Kraemer, W.J. (2014). Designing resistance training programs. United States: Human Kinetics.
• Franchini, E., Vecchio, F.B., Matsushigue, K.A. & Artioli, G.G. (2011). Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes. Sport Medicine, 41(2),147-66. https://doi:org/10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000.
• Gonzales-Badillo, J.J. & Sanchez-Medina, L. (2010). Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(5), 347-352.48. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1248333.
• Kawamori, N. & Newton, R.U. (2006). Velocity specificity of resistance training: Actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 28(2), 86-91.
• Kızılet, A., Atılan, O. & Erdemir, İ. (2010). 12-14 yaş grubu basketbol oyuncularının çabukluk ve sıçrama yetilerine farklı kuvvet antrenmanlarının etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi; 12(2), 44-57.
• Kollias, I., Hatzitaki, V., Papaiakovou, G. & Giatsis, G. (2001). Using principal components analysis to identify individual differences in vertical jump performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports, 72(1), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608933.
• Loturco, I., Artioli, G., Kobal, R., Gil, S. & Franchini, E. (2014). Predicting punching acceleration from selected strength and power variables in elite karate athletes: A multiple regression analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(7), 1826-1832. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000329.
• Loturco, I., D’Angelo, R.A., Fernandes, V., Gil, S., Kobal, R., Cal-Abad, C.C., Kitamura, K. & Nakamura, F. (2015). Relationship between sprint ability and loaded / unloaded jump tests in elite sprinters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(3), 758-764. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000660.
• Loturco, I., Nakamura, F., Kobal, R., Gil, S., Abad, C.C., Cuniyochi, R. & Roschel, H. (2015). Training for power and speed: Effects of increasing or decreasing jump squat velocity in elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2771-2779. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000951.
• Newberry, L. Bishop, M.D. (2006). Plyometric and agility training into the regimen of a patient with post-surgical anterior knee pain. Physical Therapy in Sport, 7(3), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2006.05.001.
• Newton, R.U., Rogers, R.A., Volek, J.S., Hakkinen, K. & Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 955-961. https://doi.org/ 10.1519/R-5050502x.1
• Pereira, M.I.R. & Gomes, P.S.C. (2003). Movement velocity in resistance training. Sports Medicine, 33(6), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333060-00004.
• Radcliffe, J.C. & Farentinos, R.C. (1999). High-powered plyometrics: 77 Advanced exercises for explosive sports training. United States: Human Kinetics.
• Ritschel, J. (2008). The kickboxing handball. New York: The Rosen Publication Group.
• Sanchez-Medina, L. & González-Badillo, J.J. (2011). Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(9), 1725-1734. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213f880.
• Swank, A.M. & Hagerman, P. (2009). Resistance training for special populations. USA: Delmar, Cengage Learning.
• Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1998). Kinematics of human motion. United States: Human Kinetics.