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The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 116 - 131, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1316038

Öz

Baron de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, made many attempts to make the games more effective and recognizable. One of these attempts is the design of the Olympic flag, because there was a need for a visual symbol. The idea of Olympism created by Coubertin aims to interlock the world with the bonds of love and friendship as a result of the unity of mind, soul and body. This ideal which also constitutes the meaning infrastructure of the rings, is coded on six different colors and five rings. It can be said that the intellectual origin of the rings is based on the institutions Coubertin was in and on some symbols and visuals he witnessed. The rings first appeared in two letters Coubertin sent to a close friend. They were then formally announced in a written declaration in 1913 and introduced at the 1914 Paris convention. The flag was first waved at a sporting event in Egypt, at a non-Olympic event. After that the usage areas of the rings expanded considerably. The Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 and in Paris in 1924 increased the popularity of the flag and it was used in many different places. The officialization of the flag also promoted the flag ritual over time. The attempt to associate the ring symbol with the ancient Olympic Games remained a mistake. The aim of the study is to bring to the forefront the birth and developmental stages of the world's most popular flag, the Olympic flag with five rings, along with the ideas, contradictions, and disagreements found in the literature on the subject, and to provide a clearer and more understandable chronological structure.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. (1913a). L’embleme et le drapeau de 1914. Revue Olympique, 92(Aout), 119-120.
  • Anonymous. (1913b). La XVme session du Comité İnternational. Revue Olympique, 90(Juin), 97-100.
  • Anonymous. (1914). Les fétes et le congrés de 1914. Revue Olympique, 103(Juillet), 99-110.
  • Anonymous. (1921). Charte Olympique: Reglements et protocole de la celebration des Olympiades modernes et des jeux Olympiques quadriennaux. Comite İnternational Olympique, Lousanne.
  • Anonymous. (1925). Les jeux de la VIIIéme Olympiade Paris 1924: Rapport officiel du Comité Olympique Français. Comité Olympique Français.
  • Anonymous. (1928). The Ninth Olympiad bein the official report of the Olympic Games of 1928 celebrated Amsterdam. J. H. De Buss, Ltd., Printers & Publisher.
  • Anonymous. (1949). Report of the United States Olympic Committee 1948. United States Olympic Association.
  • Anonymous. (1957). Rapport officiel des jeux de la VIIéme Olympiade Anvers 1920. Comite Executif des Jeux D’Anvers.
  • Anonymous. (1963). M. Angelo Bolanaki. Revue Olympique, 84 (Novembre), 9-10.
  • Anonymous. (1964). The Olympic flag. Bulletin du Comité İnternational Olympique, 87(Aout), 45-46.
  • Anonymous. (2000). The emblem and the flag of 1914. Within Norbert Müller (eds.), Pierre de Coubertin 1863-1937 Olympism Selected Writings (pp. 594-595). İnternational Olympic Committee.
  • Anonymous. (2002). Olympic symbols. Olympic Museum and Studies Centre.
  • Barney, R. K. (1992). This great symbol. Revue Olympique, 301(Novembre), 627- 631, 641.
  • Clastres, P. (2013). Culture de paix et culture guerre. Pierre de Coubertin et le Comité İnternational Olympique de 1910 a 1920. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains, 3(251), 95-114.
  • Coubertin, P. de. (1931). Memories olympique. Bureau İnternational de Pedagogie Sportive.
  • Eyquem, M. T. (1966). Pierre de Coubertin: L’Epopee Olympique. Calman-Levy.
  • Lennartz, K. (2002). Story of the rings. Journal of Olympic History, 10 (December), 29-61.
  • Lennartz, K. (2003). Story of the rings part II. Journal of Olympic History, 11(2), 33-37.
  • McAloon, J. J. (1981). This great symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the origins of the modern Olympic Games. University of Chicago Press.
  • Miller, G. (1979). Behind the Olympic rings. H. O. Zimman İnc, Lynn.
  • Olympics. (t.y.a). Pierre de Coubertin. https://olympics.com/ioc/pierre-de-coubertin Date Accessed: 5 December 2023.
  • Olympics. (t.y.b) The proud history of the Olympic rings. https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-rings Date Accessed: 19 March 2023.
  • Pastuerau, M. (2014). Green: The history of a color. Princeton University Press.
  • VanWynsberghe, R., & Bowling, R. (1994). Relevant Rings: The symbolic consumption of the Olympic logo in postmodern media culture. Within Rail, G., (Eds.), Sport and Postmodern Times (pp. 367-384). Sunny Press.

Sporda Zirve Sembol: Pierre de Coubertin’in Halkaları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 116 - 131, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1316038

Öz

Modern olimpiyatların kurucusu Baron de Coubertin, oyunları daha etkili ve tanınır hâle getirmek için birçok girişimde bulundu. Bu teşebbüslerden biri de görsel sembole duyulan ihtiyaçtan dolayı olimpiyat bayrağının tasarımıdır. Coubertin tarafından oluşturulan Olimpizm fikri insanın zihin, ruh, beden birliğinin sağlanması sonucunda dünyayı sevgi ve dostluk bağlarıyla birbirine kenetlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Halkaların anlam alt yapısını da oluşturan bu ideal altı farklı renk ve beş halka üzerinde kodlanmıştır. Halkaların fikrî kökeninin Coubertin’in içinde bulunduğu kurumlara, tanık olduğu bazı sembollere ve görsellere dayandığı söylenebilir. Halkalar ilk kez Coubertin’in yakın bir dostuna gönderdiği iki mektupta ortaya çıktı. Daha sonra 1913’te yazılı bir beyan ile resmi olarak açıklandı ve 1914 Paris kongresinde tanıtıldı. Bayrak ilk kez olimpiyat dışı bir etkinlikte Mısır’da düzenlenen bir spor organizasyonunda dalgalandı. Bu süreçten sonra halkaların kullanım alanları ciddi manada genişledi. 1920 Anvers ve 1924 Paris Olimpiyatları bayrağın popülaritesini artırdı ve bayrak birçok farklı yerde kullanıldı. Bayrağın resmiyet kazanması, zamanla bayrak ritüelini de teşvik etti. Halkalı sembolün antik olimpiyat oyunlarıyla ilişkilendirilme çabası ise büyük bir yanılgı olarak kaldı. Çalışmanın amacı, dünyanın en popüler bayrağı olan beş halkalı olimpiyat bayrağının doğuşunu, gelişim evrelerini, konu ile ilgili literatürün barındırdığı fikirleri, çelişki ve anlaşmazlıkları gündeme taşıyıp, kronolojik olarak daha net ve anlaşılır bir yapıya kavuşturmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. (1913a). L’embleme et le drapeau de 1914. Revue Olympique, 92(Aout), 119-120.
  • Anonymous. (1913b). La XVme session du Comité İnternational. Revue Olympique, 90(Juin), 97-100.
  • Anonymous. (1914). Les fétes et le congrés de 1914. Revue Olympique, 103(Juillet), 99-110.
  • Anonymous. (1921). Charte Olympique: Reglements et protocole de la celebration des Olympiades modernes et des jeux Olympiques quadriennaux. Comite İnternational Olympique, Lousanne.
  • Anonymous. (1925). Les jeux de la VIIIéme Olympiade Paris 1924: Rapport officiel du Comité Olympique Français. Comité Olympique Français.
  • Anonymous. (1928). The Ninth Olympiad bein the official report of the Olympic Games of 1928 celebrated Amsterdam. J. H. De Buss, Ltd., Printers & Publisher.
  • Anonymous. (1949). Report of the United States Olympic Committee 1948. United States Olympic Association.
  • Anonymous. (1957). Rapport officiel des jeux de la VIIéme Olympiade Anvers 1920. Comite Executif des Jeux D’Anvers.
  • Anonymous. (1963). M. Angelo Bolanaki. Revue Olympique, 84 (Novembre), 9-10.
  • Anonymous. (1964). The Olympic flag. Bulletin du Comité İnternational Olympique, 87(Aout), 45-46.
  • Anonymous. (2000). The emblem and the flag of 1914. Within Norbert Müller (eds.), Pierre de Coubertin 1863-1937 Olympism Selected Writings (pp. 594-595). İnternational Olympic Committee.
  • Anonymous. (2002). Olympic symbols. Olympic Museum and Studies Centre.
  • Barney, R. K. (1992). This great symbol. Revue Olympique, 301(Novembre), 627- 631, 641.
  • Clastres, P. (2013). Culture de paix et culture guerre. Pierre de Coubertin et le Comité İnternational Olympique de 1910 a 1920. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains, 3(251), 95-114.
  • Coubertin, P. de. (1931). Memories olympique. Bureau İnternational de Pedagogie Sportive.
  • Eyquem, M. T. (1966). Pierre de Coubertin: L’Epopee Olympique. Calman-Levy.
  • Lennartz, K. (2002). Story of the rings. Journal of Olympic History, 10 (December), 29-61.
  • Lennartz, K. (2003). Story of the rings part II. Journal of Olympic History, 11(2), 33-37.
  • McAloon, J. J. (1981). This great symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the origins of the modern Olympic Games. University of Chicago Press.
  • Miller, G. (1979). Behind the Olympic rings. H. O. Zimman İnc, Lynn.
  • Olympics. (t.y.a). Pierre de Coubertin. https://olympics.com/ioc/pierre-de-coubertin Date Accessed: 5 December 2023.
  • Olympics. (t.y.b) The proud history of the Olympic rings. https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-rings Date Accessed: 19 March 2023.
  • Pastuerau, M. (2014). Green: The history of a color. Princeton University Press.
  • VanWynsberghe, R., & Bowling, R. (1994). Relevant Rings: The symbolic consumption of the Olympic logo in postmodern media culture. Within Rail, G., (Eds.), Sport and Postmodern Times (pp. 367-384). Sunny Press.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Emre Dönmez 0000-0002-7160-2434

Bayram Ali Sivaz 0000-0002-6782-8799

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dönmez, E., & Sivaz, B. A. (2024). The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 9(1), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1316038
AMA Dönmez E, Sivaz BA. The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings. JSSR. Şubat 2024;9(1):116-131. doi:10.25307/jssr.1316038
Chicago Dönmez, Emre, ve Bayram Ali Sivaz. “The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre De Coubertin’s Rings”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 9, sy. 1 (Şubat 2024): 116-31. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1316038.
EndNote Dönmez E, Sivaz BA (01 Şubat 2024) The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 9 1 116–131.
IEEE E. Dönmez ve B. A. Sivaz, “The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings”, JSSR, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 116–131, 2024, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1316038.
ISNAD Dönmez, Emre - Sivaz, Bayram Ali. “The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre De Coubertin’s Rings”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 9/1 (Şubat 2024), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1316038.
JAMA Dönmez E, Sivaz BA. The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings. JSSR. 2024;9:116–131.
MLA Dönmez, Emre ve Bayram Ali Sivaz. “The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre De Coubertin’s Rings”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, c. 9, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 116-31, doi:10.25307/jssr.1316038.
Vancouver Dönmez E, Sivaz BA. The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings. JSSR. 2024;9(1):116-31.

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