Contemplation of the Photonics Beam to Complement the Water Cycle in Gulf Region
Yıl 2021,
, 15 - 21, 21.12.2021
Imadeldin Elmutasim
,
Izzeldin I. Mohd
Khalid Hamid Bilal
Öz
Photonic beam has attracted massive researchers' attention from the time of invention in the earlier decades and would continue due to unimaginable characteristics that contributed potentially to reach the highest data transmission rate and remarkable bandwidth in addition to the less susceptible to the environmental parameters via hundreds of kilometers. This advantage gives to think about it to address the water cycle issue in the shortage water region such as Gulf countries. The proposal considers the controllable beam properties that could carry the evaporation gas to pass through the air pollution layers and complete the condensation process hence reinforces an increase in rainfall chances, and lead to reducing the desalination process as well cost-effectiveness. Accordingly, the photonics beam station could sense and analyze the pollution layer to make a proper decision based on the data variability. The paper takes into account the matter via suggesting a new model that accommodates the significant environmental parameters in the desert area particularly in Qatar which is severely prone to the water lake due to salinity and stark weather in addition to the oil and gas manufacturing, which add a heavy layer in the air. So, this proofing would help the government sector strikingly the meteorology, energy, and resources to mitigate the impact of water shortage and provide a technical solution that would reflect in the whole countries economy. The work also attention to the absorption phenomenon for the most significant available wavelengths in the light beam as it could be working in a wide technology range.
Kaynakça
- [1] I. E. Elmutasim and I. I. Mohd, “Examination rain and fog attenuation for path loss prediction in millimeter wave range,” in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2021, vol. 666, pp. 935–946, doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-5281-6_67.
- [2] L. Sfîcă, M. Bulai, V. A. Amihăesei, C. Ion, and M. Ștefan, “Weather conditions (With focus on uv radiation) associated with covid-19 outbreak and worldwide climate-based prediction for future prevention,” Aerosol and Air Quality Research, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1862–1873, 2020, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0206.
- [3] S. Pan and Y. Zhang, “Microwave Photonic Radars,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 38, no. 19, pp. 5450–5484, 2020, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2020.2993166.
- [4] I. E. Elmutasim and I. I. Mohd, “Investigate the Electromagnetic Waves to Desalinate Gulf Water and beyond,” in 2020 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Industrial Engineering, ICFIE 2020, 2020, pp. 119–122, doi: 10.1109/ICFIE50845.2020.9266726.
- [5] K. A. K. Charfeddine Lanouar, Afnan Yousef Al-Malk, “Air Pollution in Qatar: Causes and Challenges,” White Paper, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2016.
- [6] D. R. Roshan, M. Koc, A. Abdallah, L. Martin-Pomares, R. Isaifan, and C. Fountoukis, “UV index forecasting under the influence of desert dust: Evaluation against surface and satellite-retrieved data,” Atmosphere, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ATMOS11010096.
- [7] P. A. Lightsey “Scintillation in ground-to-space and retroreflected laser beams,” vol. 33. no. 8, pp. 2535–2543, 1994.
- [8] K. E. Wilson and J. R. Lesh, “An overview of galileo optical experiment (GOPEX).” Tech Report: TDA progress Report 42-114, Communication Systems Research Section, NASA, 1993.
- [9] K. E. W. M. Jeganathan, “Preliminary analysis of fluctuations in the received uplink-beacon-power data obtained from the GOLD experiments.” [Online]. Available: https://www.toptechnoynews.com/. [Accessed: 21-Mar-2021].
- [10] H. Kaushal and G. Kaddoum, “Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–96, 2017, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2603518.
- [11] D. B. A. Biswas, “Mars laser communication demonstration: What it would have been.” [Online]. Available: https://www.toptechnoynews.com/?camp=AACV&ron=&no=1&c=1. [Accessed: 21-Mar-2021].
- [12] G. Wang et al., “Highly efficient optical beam steering using an in-fiber diffraction grating for full duplex indoor optical wireless communication,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 36, no. 19, pp. 4618–4625, 2018, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2018.2832200.
- [13] X. Sun et al., “Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications through Water-Air Interface,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 160480–160489, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3020878.
- [14] A. Garufo et al., “Pulsed Photoconductive Connected Slot Array Operating at the Sub-mm Wavelength Band,” EuMIC 2019 - 2019 14th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 266–269, 2019, doi: 10.23919/EuMIC.2019.8909489.
- [15] W. Tang, S. Yueh, D. Yang, A. Fore, and A. Hayashi, “Investigating the utility and limitation of SMAP sea surface salinity in monitoring the arctic freshwater system,” International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), vol. 2018-July, pp. 5647–5650, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8519602.
- [16] E. A. Velichko, “Resonance scattering and absorption of light by a silver tube of large diameter and nanoscale thickness,” 2017 IEEE International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics and Engineering, YSF 2017, vol. 2017-January, pp. 104–107, 2017, doi: 10.1109/YSF.2017.8126599.
- [17] A. Semenova and A. Tikhomirov, “Feedforward carrier estimation method for bpsk with large Doppler shift,” BIHTEL 2014 - 10th International Symposium on Telecommunications, Proceedings, 2014, doi: 10.1109/BIHTEL.2014.6987643.
- [18] W. Li, Y. Liang, and M. Fu, “The radio propagation affected by variation of refractive index,” Proceedings - 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, MAPE 2009, pp. 560–563, 2009, doi: 10.1109/MAPE.2009.5355602.
- [19] M. Zahn, “Derivation of the korteweg-helmholtz electric and magnetic force densities including electrostriction and magnetostriction from the quasistatic poynting’s theorems,” Annual Report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, CEIDP, pp. 186–189, 2006, doi: 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312092.
- [20] M. Raya-Armenta, E. Alvarado-Mendez, and J. F. Gomez-Aguilar, “Dynamics of a charged particle in a ramp magnetic field,” Conference Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling, LFNM 2013, pp. 95–96, 2013, doi: 10.1109/LFNM.2013.6644848.
Contemplation of the Photonics Beam to Complement the Water Cycle in Gulf Region
Yıl 2021,
, 15 - 21, 21.12.2021
Imadeldin Elmutasim
,
Izzeldin I. Mohd
Khalid Hamid Bilal
Öz
Photonic beam has attracted massive researchers' attention from the time of invention in the earlier decades and would continue due to unimaginable characteristics that contributed potentially to reach the highest data transmission rate and remarkable bandwidth in addition to the less susceptible to the environmental parameters via hundreds of kilometers. This advantage gives to think about it to address the water cycle issue in the shortage water region such as Gulf countries. The proposal considers the controllable beam properties that could carry the evaporation gas to pass through the air pollution layers and complete the condensation process hence reinforces an increase in rainfall chances, and lead to reducing the desalination process as well cost-effectiveness. Accordingly, the photonics beam station could sense and analyze the pollution layer to make a proper decision based on the data variability. The paper takes into account the matter via suggesting a new model that accommodates the significant environmental parameters in the desert area particularly in Qatar which is severely prone to the water lake due to salinity and stark weather in addition to the oil and gas manufacturing, which add a heavy layer in the air. So, this proofing would help the government sector strikingly the meteorology, energy, and resources to mitigate the impact of water shortage and provide a technical solution that would reflect in the whole countries economy. The work also attention to the absorption phenomenon for the most significant available wavelengths in the light beam as it could be working in a wide technology range.
Kaynakça
- [1] I. E. Elmutasim and I. I. Mohd, “Examination rain and fog attenuation for path loss prediction in millimeter wave range,” in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2021, vol. 666, pp. 935–946, doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-5281-6_67.
- [2] L. Sfîcă, M. Bulai, V. A. Amihăesei, C. Ion, and M. Ștefan, “Weather conditions (With focus on uv radiation) associated with covid-19 outbreak and worldwide climate-based prediction for future prevention,” Aerosol and Air Quality Research, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1862–1873, 2020, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0206.
- [3] S. Pan and Y. Zhang, “Microwave Photonic Radars,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 38, no. 19, pp. 5450–5484, 2020, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2020.2993166.
- [4] I. E. Elmutasim and I. I. Mohd, “Investigate the Electromagnetic Waves to Desalinate Gulf Water and beyond,” in 2020 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Industrial Engineering, ICFIE 2020, 2020, pp. 119–122, doi: 10.1109/ICFIE50845.2020.9266726.
- [5] K. A. K. Charfeddine Lanouar, Afnan Yousef Al-Malk, “Air Pollution in Qatar: Causes and Challenges,” White Paper, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2016.
- [6] D. R. Roshan, M. Koc, A. Abdallah, L. Martin-Pomares, R. Isaifan, and C. Fountoukis, “UV index forecasting under the influence of desert dust: Evaluation against surface and satellite-retrieved data,” Atmosphere, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ATMOS11010096.
- [7] P. A. Lightsey “Scintillation in ground-to-space and retroreflected laser beams,” vol. 33. no. 8, pp. 2535–2543, 1994.
- [8] K. E. Wilson and J. R. Lesh, “An overview of galileo optical experiment (GOPEX).” Tech Report: TDA progress Report 42-114, Communication Systems Research Section, NASA, 1993.
- [9] K. E. W. M. Jeganathan, “Preliminary analysis of fluctuations in the received uplink-beacon-power data obtained from the GOLD experiments.” [Online]. Available: https://www.toptechnoynews.com/. [Accessed: 21-Mar-2021].
- [10] H. Kaushal and G. Kaddoum, “Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–96, 2017, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2603518.
- [11] D. B. A. Biswas, “Mars laser communication demonstration: What it would have been.” [Online]. Available: https://www.toptechnoynews.com/?camp=AACV&ron=&no=1&c=1. [Accessed: 21-Mar-2021].
- [12] G. Wang et al., “Highly efficient optical beam steering using an in-fiber diffraction grating for full duplex indoor optical wireless communication,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 36, no. 19, pp. 4618–4625, 2018, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2018.2832200.
- [13] X. Sun et al., “Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications through Water-Air Interface,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 160480–160489, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3020878.
- [14] A. Garufo et al., “Pulsed Photoconductive Connected Slot Array Operating at the Sub-mm Wavelength Band,” EuMIC 2019 - 2019 14th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 266–269, 2019, doi: 10.23919/EuMIC.2019.8909489.
- [15] W. Tang, S. Yueh, D. Yang, A. Fore, and A. Hayashi, “Investigating the utility and limitation of SMAP sea surface salinity in monitoring the arctic freshwater system,” International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), vol. 2018-July, pp. 5647–5650, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8519602.
- [16] E. A. Velichko, “Resonance scattering and absorption of light by a silver tube of large diameter and nanoscale thickness,” 2017 IEEE International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics and Engineering, YSF 2017, vol. 2017-January, pp. 104–107, 2017, doi: 10.1109/YSF.2017.8126599.
- [17] A. Semenova and A. Tikhomirov, “Feedforward carrier estimation method for bpsk with large Doppler shift,” BIHTEL 2014 - 10th International Symposium on Telecommunications, Proceedings, 2014, doi: 10.1109/BIHTEL.2014.6987643.
- [18] W. Li, Y. Liang, and M. Fu, “The radio propagation affected by variation of refractive index,” Proceedings - 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, MAPE 2009, pp. 560–563, 2009, doi: 10.1109/MAPE.2009.5355602.
- [19] M. Zahn, “Derivation of the korteweg-helmholtz electric and magnetic force densities including electrostriction and magnetostriction from the quasistatic poynting’s theorems,” Annual Report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, CEIDP, pp. 186–189, 2006, doi: 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312092.
- [20] M. Raya-Armenta, E. Alvarado-Mendez, and J. F. Gomez-Aguilar, “Dynamics of a charged particle in a ramp magnetic field,” Conference Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling, LFNM 2013, pp. 95–96, 2013, doi: 10.1109/LFNM.2013.6644848.