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Trauma Informed Approach in Social Work Practices with Groups

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 28 - 41
https://doi.org/10.57114/jswrpub.1506953

Öz

Trauma is a reaction to an event or series of events that exceeds the individual's ability to cope, significantly impairs functionality, and causes negative physical, psychosocial and cognitive effects. Social workers work with clients who have experienced various traumatic life events such as violence, neglect, abuse, illness, loss, disaster and migration. Social workers carry out group social work practices with clients who have traumatic stress reactions. The multifaceted effects of trauma require a specialized framework for effective intervention to meet the needs of individuals who have experienced traumatic life events. Trauma-informed approach, which includes understanding, recognizing and responding to the impact of trauma, is one of the most important ones. The aim of this study is to present the principles of how to use the trauma-informed approach in group social work practice. The trauma-informed approach aims to minimize re-traumatization and support recovery and resilience by ensuring that social work interventions are sensitive to the needs and experiences of traumatized individuals. The trauma-informed approach has principles of safety, trustworthiness and transparency, empowerment, choice, respect, collaboration and reciprocity. These principles provide a framework for building a sense of safety and trust in group social work practice, fostering open communication and mutual respect, supporting choice and collaboration, and ultimately empowerment.

Kaynakça

  • Acri, M. C., Hamovitch, E. K., Lambert, K., Galler, M., Parchment, T. M., ve Bornheimer, L. A. (2019). Perceived benefits of a multiple family group for children with behavior problems and their families. Social Work with Groups, 42(3), 197-212.
  • Alpay, E. H., ve Çelik, D. (2022). Karmaşık travma sonrası stres bozukluğu: Bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 14(4), 589-596.
  • Alsancak Akbulut, C. (2018). Grup psikoterapisi uygulamalarının etik kurallar bağlamında incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(1), 79–88.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
  • Amerika Madde Kullanımı ve Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetleri Yönetimi Birliği. (2014). SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. 15 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde https://ncsacw.acf.hhs.gov/userfiles/files/SAMHSA_Trauma.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Atli, A., ve Haspolat, Y. K. (2023). Deprem sonrası psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve tedavisi. İstanbul: Rient Yayınları.
  • Baird, S. L., ve Alaggia, R. (2021). Trauma-informed groups: Recommendations for group work practice. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49(1), 10-19.
  • Ball, S., Karatzias, T., Mahoney, A., Ferguson, S., ve Pate, K. (2013). Interpersonal trauma in female offenders: a new, brief, group intervention delivered in a community based setting. he Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 24(6), 795-802.
  • Bath, H. (2008). The three pillars of trauma-informed care. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 17(3), 17-21.
  • Bayram, S., Duman, R. N., ve Demirtaş, B. (2018). Üç insan, bir olay, üç farklı travmatik deneyim süreci. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(1), 165-182.
  • Bendall, S., Eastwood, O., Cox, G., Farrelly-Rosch, A., Nicoll, H., Peters, W., ... ve Scanlan, F. (2021). A systematic review and synthesis of trauma-informed care within outpatient and counseling health settings for young people. Child maltreatment, 26(3), 313-324.
  • Berthold, S. M., ve Fischman, Y. (2014). Social work with trauma survivors: Collaboration with interpreters. Social work, 59(2), 103-110.
  • Blehm, A. (2024). What is trauma? A critique and definition. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 13, 111-115.
  • Bolu, A., Erdem, M., ve Öznur, T. (2014). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu. Anadolu Tıbbi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 98-104.
  • Bourne, C., Mackay, C. E., ve Holmes, E. A. (2013). The neural basis of flashback formation: the impact of viewing trauma. Psychological Medicine, 43(7), 1521-1532.
  • Bryant-Davis, T., Fasalojo, B., Arounian, A., Jackson, K. L., and Leithman, E. (2024). Resist and rise: A trauma-informed womanist model for group therapy. Women and Therapy, 47(1), 34-57.
  • Butler, L. D., Critelli, F. M., ve Rinfrette, E. S. (2011). Trauma-informed care and mental health. Directions in Psychiatry, 31(3), 197-212.
  • Büyükdağ, Y., ve Bal, F. (2020). Kişilerarası ilişkilerde güven düzeyi ile travma sonrası hayata küsme düzeyinin cinsiyet değişkeni açısından incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 126-142.
  • Büyükşahin Çevik, G. (2023). Afet (Travma) Psikolojisi. S. Girgin (Ed). Afetlerde Eğitim ve Yönetim içinde (ss. 7-29). İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınları.
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Gruplarla Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalarında Travma Bilgili Yaklaşım

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 28 - 41
https://doi.org/10.57114/jswrpub.1506953

Öz

Travma, bireyin başa çıkma yeteneğini aşan, işlevselliğini önemli ölçüde bozan, fiziksel, psikososyal ve bilişsel açıdan olumsuz etkilere neden olan bir olaya veya olaylar dizisine verilen tepkidir. Sosyal hizmet uzmanları şiddet, ihmal, istismar, hastalık, kayıp, afet ve göç gibi çeşitli travmatik yaşam olaylarını deneyimleyen müracaatçılarla çalışmaktadır. Sosyal hizmet uzmanları travmatik stres tepkileri gösteren müracaatçılarla grupla sosyal hizmet uygulamaları gerçekleştirmektedir. Travmanın çok yönlü etkileri, travmatik yaşam olayını deneyimleyen bireylerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik etkili müdahale için özel bir çerçeve gerektirmektedir. Travmanın etkisini anlamayı, tanımayı ve tepki vermeyi içeren travma bilgili yaklaşım bunların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı grupla sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında travma bilgili yaklaşımın nasıl kullanılacağı ile ilgili ilkelerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Travma bilgili yaklaşım, sosyal hizmet müdahalelerinin travma yaşayan bireylerin ihtiyaçlarına ve deneyimlerine duyarlı olmasını sağlayarak yeniden travmatizasyonu en aza indirmeyi, iyileşmeyi ve dayanıklılığı desteklemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Travma bilgili yaklaşımın güvenlik, güvenilirlik ve şeffaflık, güçlendirme, seçim, saygı, iş birliği ve karşılıklılık ilkeleri bulunmaktadır. Bu ilkeler grupla sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında güvenlik ve güven duygusunun oluşturulması, açık iletişimin ve karşılıklı saygının geliştirilmesi, seçim ve iş birliği yapabilmenin desteklenmesi ve nihai olarak güçlenmenin sağlanması için bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Acri, M. C., Hamovitch, E. K., Lambert, K., Galler, M., Parchment, T. M., ve Bornheimer, L. A. (2019). Perceived benefits of a multiple family group for children with behavior problems and their families. Social Work with Groups, 42(3), 197-212.
  • Alpay, E. H., ve Çelik, D. (2022). Karmaşık travma sonrası stres bozukluğu: Bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 14(4), 589-596.
  • Alsancak Akbulut, C. (2018). Grup psikoterapisi uygulamalarının etik kurallar bağlamında incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(1), 79–88.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
  • Amerika Madde Kullanımı ve Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetleri Yönetimi Birliği. (2014). SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. 15 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde https://ncsacw.acf.hhs.gov/userfiles/files/SAMHSA_Trauma.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Atli, A., ve Haspolat, Y. K. (2023). Deprem sonrası psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve tedavisi. İstanbul: Rient Yayınları.
  • Baird, S. L., ve Alaggia, R. (2021). Trauma-informed groups: Recommendations for group work practice. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49(1), 10-19.
  • Ball, S., Karatzias, T., Mahoney, A., Ferguson, S., ve Pate, K. (2013). Interpersonal trauma in female offenders: a new, brief, group intervention delivered in a community based setting. he Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 24(6), 795-802.
  • Bath, H. (2008). The three pillars of trauma-informed care. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 17(3), 17-21.
  • Bayram, S., Duman, R. N., ve Demirtaş, B. (2018). Üç insan, bir olay, üç farklı travmatik deneyim süreci. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(1), 165-182.
  • Bendall, S., Eastwood, O., Cox, G., Farrelly-Rosch, A., Nicoll, H., Peters, W., ... ve Scanlan, F. (2021). A systematic review and synthesis of trauma-informed care within outpatient and counseling health settings for young people. Child maltreatment, 26(3), 313-324.
  • Berthold, S. M., ve Fischman, Y. (2014). Social work with trauma survivors: Collaboration with interpreters. Social work, 59(2), 103-110.
  • Blehm, A. (2024). What is trauma? A critique and definition. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 13, 111-115.
  • Bolu, A., Erdem, M., ve Öznur, T. (2014). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu. Anadolu Tıbbi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 98-104.
  • Bourne, C., Mackay, C. E., ve Holmes, E. A. (2013). The neural basis of flashback formation: the impact of viewing trauma. Psychological Medicine, 43(7), 1521-1532.
  • Bryant-Davis, T., Fasalojo, B., Arounian, A., Jackson, K. L., and Leithman, E. (2024). Resist and rise: A trauma-informed womanist model for group therapy. Women and Therapy, 47(1), 34-57.
  • Butler, L. D., Critelli, F. M., ve Rinfrette, E. S. (2011). Trauma-informed care and mental health. Directions in Psychiatry, 31(3), 197-212.
  • Büyükdağ, Y., ve Bal, F. (2020). Kişilerarası ilişkilerde güven düzeyi ile travma sonrası hayata küsme düzeyinin cinsiyet değişkeni açısından incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 126-142.
  • Büyükşahin Çevik, G. (2023). Afet (Travma) Psikolojisi. S. Girgin (Ed). Afetlerde Eğitim ve Yönetim içinde (ss. 7-29). İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınları.
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  • Ford, J. D., and Russo, E. (2006). Trauma-focused, present-centered, emotional self-regulation approach to integrated treatment for posttraumatic stress and addiction: Trauma adaptive recovery group education and therapy (TARGET). American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(4), 335-355.
  • Ford, J. D., Fallot, R. D., and Harris, M. (2009). Group therapy. Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide, 415-440.
  • Greenberg, T. M. (2021). Complex trauma: Combined theories and methods. New York: Springer.
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  • Hargrove, S., Schuette, S., Zerubavel, N., Holton, J., ve Kinghorn, W. (2024). The value of student voice and choice: a guide for trauma-informed participatory action research in the university setting. Journal of Participatory Research Methods, 5(1), 1-10.
  • Harris, M. E., ve Fallot, R. D. (2001). Using trauma theory to design service systems. New York: Jossey-Bass/Wiley. Henshaw, L. A. (2022). Building trauma-informed approaches in higher education. Behavioral Sciences, 12(10), 368.
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  • Herbert, C. (2016). Travma sonrası psikolojik tepkileri anlamak: Travmaya uğrayanlar ve aileleri için rehber. İstanbul: Psikonet Yayınları.
  • Hickle, K. (2020). Introducing a trauma‐informed capability approach in youth services. Children and Society, 34(6), 537-551.
  • Horan, H., Ryu, J., Stone, J., ve Thurston, L. (2023). Healing trauma with interprofessional collaboration and trauma‐informed perinatal care: A qualitative case study. Birth, 50(3), 525-534.
  • Isobel, S., Wilson, A., Gill, K., ve Howe, D. (2021). ‘What would a trauma‐informed mental health service look like?’Perspectives of people who access services. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(2), 495-505.
  • Işıklı, S., ve Keser, E. (2020). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda duygular ve duygu düzenleme. S. Vatan (Ed). Duygu Düzenleme içinde (ss.55-63). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • İzci, F. ve Ünveren, G. (2017). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda bilişsel davranışçı terapi ve göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme. Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 31-38.
  • Joseph, S., ve Murphy, D. (2014). Trauma: A unifying concept for social work. British Journal of Social Work, 44(5), 1094-1109.
  • Kaminer, D. ve Eagle, G. (2010). Traumatic stress in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
  • Kelly, U., Boyd, M. A., Valente, S. M., ve Czekanski, E. (2014). Trauma-informed care: keeping mental health settings safe for veterans. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(6), 413-419.
  • Kendall-Tackett, K. (2009). Psychological trauma and physical health: A psychoneuroimmunology approach to etiology of negative health effects and possible interventions. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1(1), 35.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., ve Milanak, M. E. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(5), 537-547.
  • Kivimäki, V. (2021). Experiencing trauma before trauma: posttraumatic memories, nightmares and flashbacks among Finnish soldiers. V. Kivimäki ve P. Leese (Eds.). Trauma, Experience and Narrative in Europe after World War II içinde (ss. 89-117). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kline, N. K., ve Palm Reed, K. M. (2021). Betrayal vs. nonbetrayal trauma: Examining the different effects of social support and emotion regulation on PTSD symptom severity. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(7), 802.
  • Knight, C. (2015). Trauma-informed social work practice: Practice considerations and challenges. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43, 25-37.
  • Koslouski, J. B., ve Chafouleas, S. M. (2022). Key considerations in delivering trauma-informed professional learning for educators. Frontiers in Education, 7, 853020.
  • Lang, N. C. (2010). Group work practice to advance social competence: A specialized methodology for social work. London: Columbia University Press.
  • Lee, S. C., ve Rawlings, M. A. (2023). Healing from trauma through psychoeducation: Understanding young adult client group experiences. Social Work with Groups, 46(1), 5-20.
  • Levenson, J. (2017). Trauma-ınformed social work practice. Social Work, 62(2), 105-113.
  • Levenson, J. S., Craig, S. L., ve Austin, A. (2023). Trauma-informed and affirmative mental health practices with LGBTQ+ clients. Psychological Services, 20(S1), 134.
  • Levine, P. A., ve Frederick, A. (2013). Kaplanı Uyandırmak: travmayı iyileştirmek. İstanbul: Butik Yayıncılık.
  • Lotfi, S., ve Başcıllar, M. (2017). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve sosyal hizmet. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (3), 275-286.
  • Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., ve Brynt, R. A. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11. World psychiatry : Official journal of the World Psychiatric Association, 12(3), 198-206.
  • McCartan, K. F. (2020). Trauma-informed practice. London: HM Inspectorate of Probation Academic Insights Press.
  • Meléndez Guevara, A. M., Lindstrom Johnson, S., Elam, K., Hilley, C., Mcintire, C., ve Morris, K. (2021). Culturally responsive trauma-informed services: A multilevel perspective from practitioners serving Latinx children and families. Community Mental Health Journal, 57, 325-339.
  • Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Britz, L. (2019). Promoting evidence-based, trauma-informed social work practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 55(4), 645-657.
  • Nisbet Wallis, D. A. (2002). Reduction of trauma symptoms following group therapy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(1), 67-74.
  • Northen, H., ve Kurland, R. (2001). Social work with groups. London: Columbia University Press.
  • Ouhmad, N., Deperrois, R., El Hage, W., ve Combalbert, N. (2023). Cognitive distortions, anxiety, and depression in individuals suffering from PTSD. International Journal of Mental Health, 1-17.
  • Özyanık, T., ve Tarlacı, S. (2022). Toplumsal travma döneminde travma sonrası gelişim ve temel inançlardaki sarsılmalar. Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(6), 121-142.
  • Pau, K., Ahmad, A., & Tang, H. Y. (2020). Crisis, disaster, and trauma counseling: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 736-739.
  • Payne, M. (2017). Peer support in mental health: a narrative Review of its relevance to social work. Egyptian Journal of Social Work, 4(1), 19-40.
  • Phoenix, B. J. (2007). Psychoeducation for survivors of trauma. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 43(3), 123-131.
  • Rakesh, G., Clausen, A. N., Buckley, M. N., Clarke-Rubright, E., Fairbank, J. A., Wagner, H. R., ... ve Morey, R. A. (2022). The role of trauma, social support, and demography on veteran resilience. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(1), 2058267.
  • Reeves, E. (2015). A synthesis of the literature on trauma-informed care. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 36(9), 698-709.
  • Sargın, N., ve Akdan, M. F. (2016). Sonsuz acı: psikolojik travma. N. Sargın, S. Avşaroğlu ve A. Ünal (Ed.), Eğitim ve Psikolojiden Yansımalar içinde (ss. 5-16). İstanbul: Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Schimmenti, A., Billieux, J., Santoro, G., Casale, S., ve Starcevic, V. (2022). A trauma model of substance use: Elaboration and preliminary validation. Addictive Behaviors, 134, 107431.
  • Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 241-251.
  • Sloan, D. M., Bovin, M. J., ve Schnurr, P. P. (2012). Review of group treatment for PTSD. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 49(5), 689-701.
  • Smith, E. P., Yzaguirre, M. M., Dwanyen, L., ve Wieling, E. (2022). Culturally relevant parenting approaches among African American and Latinx children and families: Toward resilient, strengths-based, trauma-informed practices. Adversity and Resilience Science, 3(3), 209-224.
  • Spinazzola, J., Van der Kolk, B., & Ford, J. D. (2021). Developmental trauma disorder: A legacy of attachment trauma in victimized children. Journal of traumatic stress, 34(4), 711-720.
  • Steele, W., ve Kuban, C. (2011). Trauma-informed resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Reclaiming Children and Youth, 20(3), 44.
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  • Tekin, H. H., ve Başer, D. (2021). Travma bilgili bakım temelli sosyal hizmet müdahalesi. Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2, 125-131.
  • Tekin, H. H., ve Bayar, Y. (2023). Trauma informed care scale: Turkish validity and reliability study. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 15(1), 252-260.
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  • Üzar Özçetin, Y. S., ve Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4), 388-397.
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  • Watters, E. R., Aloe, A. M., ve Wojciak, A. S. (2023). Examining the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and depression: a multivariate meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, ve Abuse, 24(1), 231-244.
  • Wesselmann, E. D., & Parris, L. (2021). Inclusion, exclusion, and group psychotherapy: The importance of a trauma-informed approach. In C. D. Parks ve G. A. Tasca (Eds.), The psychology of groups: The intersection of social psychology and psychotherapy research (ss. 31–50). USA: American Psychological Association Press.
  • Williamson, E., Gregory, A., Abrahams, H., Aghtaie, N., Walker, S. J., and Hester, M. (2020). Secondary trauma: Emotional safety in sensitive research. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18, 55-70.
  • Wilson, C., Pence, D. M., ve Conradi, L. (2013). Trauma-informed care in Encyclopedia of social work. 15 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde https://oxfordre.com/socialwork/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-9780199975839-e-1063 adresinden erişildi.
  • Win, E., Zainal, N. H., ve Newman, M. G. (2021). Trait anger expression mediates childhood trauma predicting for adulthood anxiety, depressive, and alcohol use disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, 114-121.
  • Wright, K., ve Laurent, N. (2021). Safety, collaboration, and empowerment: trauma-informed archival practice. Archivaria, (91), 38-73.
  • Yalom, I. D. (2003). Kısa süreli grup terapileri. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Yalom, I. D., ve Leszcz, M. (2005). Theory and practice of group psychotherapy. London: Basic Books.
  • Yatchmenoff, D. K., Sundborg, S. A., and Davis, M. A. (2017). Implementing trauma-informed care: Recommendations on the process. Advances in Social Work, 18(1), 167-185.
  • Yavuz, K.F., ve Karatepe, H.T. (2015). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun psikoterapisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Dergisi, 8, 44-52.
  • Yule, W., ve Smith, P. (2013). Post traumatic stress disorder. C. A. Essau ve T. Ollendick (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook: Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety içinde (ss. 451-470). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Toplam 99 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Sosyal Hizmet Uygulaması
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Merve Deniz Pak Güre 0000-0001-7060-3729

Doğucan Çatulay 0009-0007-5837-3781

Yüsra Selin Apaydın 0009-0003-8989-2382

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 2 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Pak Güre, M. D., Çatulay, D., & Apaydın, Y. S. (2024). Gruplarla Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalarında Travma Bilgili Yaklaşım. Uluslararası Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.57114/jswrpub.1506953

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Bu dergide yer alan içerikler Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.