Araştırma Makalesi

The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 20 Haziran 2026
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The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025

Öz

This systematic literature review examines the extent to which health tourism revenues contributed to closing foreign-exchange gaps in Turkish hospitals during the post-pandemic recovery period of 2022–2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 12 studies and official reports published between January 2022 and June 2025 were synthesized. Findings reveal that health tourism revenue in accredited private and university hospitals increased from USD 842 million in 2022 to approximately USD 2.6–2.8 billion (annualized) in 2025. Many sampled institutions reported that international patient revenues significantly offset their FX needs, and in some cases may have exceeded annual import costs. Hair transplantation, oncology, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics, and reproductive medicine accounted for over 70 % of this revenue. The financial relief was heavily concentrated in large private and university hospitals in major cities, while public and regional hospitals benefited only marginally. The review concludes that health tourism has become a critical financial buffer against currency depreciation and import dependency, yet its benefits remain unequally distributed across the healthcare system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Altındağ, İ. (2025). COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye turizm verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi: Veri zarflama analizi yaklaşımı [The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism efficiency in Turkey: Data envelopment analysis approach]. Journal of Applied Tourism Research, 6(2), 155–173.
  2. Batbaylı, Ş. (2021). Sağlık hizmeti ihracatı ve Türkiye örneği [Health service export and the case of Turkey] [Doctoral dissertation, Bursa Uludağ University].
  3. Batbaylı, Ş. (2022). Türkiye’nin uluslararası sağlık turizmindeki rekabet gücünün ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Ampirik bir analiz [The impact of Turkey's competitive power in international health tourism on economic growth: An empirical analysis].
  4. Büyük, Ö. (2023). Health tourism in Turkey: A pursuit of wellness. In Tourism (pp. 1–20). Yaz Yayınları.
  5. Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. (2025). Payment balance statistics 2022–2025. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr
  6. Health Tourism Department, Ministry of Health. (2024). Uluslararası hasta istatistikleri 2023–2024 [International patient statistics 2023–2024]. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health.
  7. Kaya, A. (2024). Türkiye’de sağlık turizmi ve hastane finansmanı: Döviz açığına etkisi [Health tourism and hospital financing in Turkey: Impact on foreign exchange gap] [Master's thesis, Kırklareli University].
  8. KMU Kurumsal Arşiv. https://earsiv.kmu.edu.tr/server/api/core/bitstreams/130b907a-24a2-4757-b980-6aaca70127d8/content

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Turizm (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

20 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

27 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

10 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karcıoğlu, U. B. (2026). The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 9(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.58636/jtis.1899058
AMA
1.Karcıoğlu UB. The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025. JTIS. 2026;9(1):16-25. doi:10.58636/jtis.1899058
Chicago
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. 2026. “The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025”. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness 9 (1): 16-25. https://doi.org/10.58636/jtis.1899058.
EndNote
Karcıoğlu UB (01 Haziran 2026) The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness 9 1 16–25.
IEEE
[1]U. B. Karcıoğlu, “The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025”, JTIS, c. 9, sy 1, ss. 16–25, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.58636/jtis.1899058.
ISNAD
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. “The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025”. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness 9/1 (01 Haziran 2026): 16-25. https://doi.org/10.58636/jtis.1899058.
JAMA
1.Karcıoğlu UB. The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025. JTIS. 2026;9:16–25.
MLA
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. “The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025”. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, c. 9, sy 1, Haziran 2026, ss. 16-25, doi:10.58636/jtis.1899058.
Vancouver
1.Ufuk Burak Karcıoğlu. The Role of Health Tourism Revenues in Closing Turkish Hospitals’ Foreign-Exchange Gaps: A Systematic Literature Review of the Post-Pandemic Period 2022–2025. JTIS. 01 Haziran 2026;9(1):16-25. doi:10.58636/jtis.1899058