An Overview of Temporary Housing Management after the Earthquakes in Turkey in terms of Disaster Management

Yıl 2023, , 1460 - 1468, 30.06.2023

Pınar Usta , Özge Onat

https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1204406

Öz

Interventions after earthquakes are very important for saving human life and returning the survivors to their normal lives. Earthquakes are one of the most devastating natural hazards and can have serious economic, social and environmental impacts. As a result of earthquakes from the past to the present, millions of people have been affected and lost their lives. Being prepared for disasters will ensure that there is an opportunity to prevent possible losses and have an idea of how to act in the event of a disaster. In this paper, post-disaster response and recovery situations in disaster management and rescue after earthquakes in Turkey are discussed. Disaster management situations after the Gölcük, Van, Elazığ, and İzmir earthquakes in Turkey were analyzed and presented in terms of natural disaster and emergency management. As a result of the study, there was an improvement in disaster relief and response situations depending on the years of earthquakes in Turkey. However, the recent earthquakes show that there is still a need to work on this issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural disaster management, Earthquake, Post-Disaster.

Kaynakça

• Aksu, A., Calon, T., Hiscott, R., & Yaşar, D. 2000. “Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, Western Turkey: extensional basins above a continental transform.” Gsa Today, 10(6). Available at: https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/yayin/d32d2e74-6cce-4c41-a058-e5fd55e025c6/anatomy-of-the-north-anatolian-fault-zone-in-the-marmara-sea-western-turkey-extensional-basins-above-a-continental-transform
• Afad, 2014 .“Afad, Müdahale, iyileştirme ve sosyoekonomik açıdan 2011 Van Depremi,” Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. Available at: https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/17944/xfiles/mudahale_-iyilestirme-ve-sosyoekonomik-acidan-2011-van-depremi-raporu_2_.pdf (Accessed on 10 September 2022)
• Aslan, B., & Ince, C. D. 2019. “Analysis of the first urban regeneration area in Kocaeli after Gölcük earthquake by using zoning plans.” TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 12(1), 65-81. Available at: http://eprints.bice.rm.cnr.it/id/eprint/19012
• Erkan, B. B., Karanci, A. N., Kalaycıoğlu, S., Özden, A. T., Çalışkan, I., & Özakşehir, G. 2015. “From emergency response to recovery: multiple impacts and lessons learned from the 2011 Van earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra, 31(1), 527-540. doi: https://doi.org/10.1193/060312EQS205M
• Tercan, B. 2018. “Türkiye’de afet politikaları ve kentsel dönüşüm.” Abant Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi , 3 (5) , 63-74 . Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akader/issue/36855/413249
• Britannica, 2022. “Izmit Earthquake.” Britannica Available at: https://www.britannica.com/event/Izmit-earthquake-of-1999 (Accessed on 11 September 2022)
• Cicekdağı, H. 2021. “Based On Best-Worst Method (Bwm), Determination Of Criteria For Disaster Survivors To Stay In Temporary Accommodation Tents: Example Of İzmir Earthquake,” ResearchGate Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348920378_BASED_ON_BEST-WORST_METHOD_BWM_DETERMINATION_OF_CRITERIA_FOR_DISASTER_SURVIVORS_TO_STAY_IN_TEMPORARY_ACCOMMODATION_TENTS_EXAMPLE_OF_IZMIR_EARTHQUAKE (Accessed on 11 September 2022)
• Alexander, D. 2012. “Principles of Emergency Planning and Management.” 6th ed. Edinburg, UK: Dunedin Academic Press Ltd, ISBN 978-1-903544-10-5. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247479314_Principles_of_Emergency_Planning_and_Management (Accessed on 11 September 2022)
• Cheloni, D., & Akinci, A. 2020. “Source modelling and strong ground motion simulations for the 24 January 2020, M w 6.8 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey.” Geophysical Journal International, 223(2), 1054-1068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa350
• Mavi, E. E. 2020. “Afet Kriz Yönetiminde Medya: 30 Ekim 2020 İzmir Depremi.” Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10 (2), 31-53. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/e-kiad/issue/59330/828417 (Accessed on 11 March 2022)
• Hassan, E. M., Mahmoud, H. N., & Ellingwood, B. R. 2020. “Resilience of school systems following severe earthquakes.” Earth's future, 8(10), e2020EF001518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001518
• McCann, D. G. 2009. “Preparing for the worst: A disaster medicine primer for health care.” The Journal of legal medicine, 30(3), 329-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01947640903143581
• Gokmen G. P. and Öymen N. 2003.“Temporary/Permanent Housing Concepts In Transition.” Academia Available at: https://www.academia.edu/44244647/TEMPORARY_PERMANENT_HOUSING_CONCEPTS_IN_TRANSITION (Accessed on 12 March 2022).
• Mohamed Shaluf, I. 2008. “Technological disaster stages and management.” Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 114-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560810855928
• IBC, 2020. “Izmir earthquake assessment report of IBC.” IBC Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/izmir-earthquake-assessment-report-ibc-november-2020 (Accessed on 12 March 2022).
• İzmir tabib odası, 2020. “Izmir earthquake assessment report.” Dunyadoktorlari Available at: https://www.dunyadoktorlari.org.tr/en/media-press/publications/izmir-earthquake-rapid-assessment-report-november-2020. (Accessed on 12 March 2022).
• Mizrak, K. C., & Tolon, M. 2017. “Development of disaster management in Turkey: from 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake to 2011 Van Earthquake.” International Journal of Engineering Science and Application, 1(4), 145-151. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijesa/issue/33450/360986
• Comfort, L. K., & Haase, T. W. 2006. “Communication, coherence, and collective action: The impact of Hurricane Katrina on communications infrastructure.” Public Works management & policy, 10(4), 328-343. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X06289052
• Pousse‐Beltran, L., Nissen, E., Bergman, E. A., Cambaz, M. D., Gaudreau, É., Karasözen, E., & Tan, F. 2020. “The 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) earthquake reveals rupture behavior of the East Anatolian Fault.” Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088136
• Aktel, M. 2010. “Change in Disaster Management in Turkey with Law No. 5902,” Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 27, pp. 1–9. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe/issue/4769/65607 (Accessed on 12 March 2022).
• Kemaloğlu, M. 2015. “History and Legal Development of Disaster Management in Turkey,” Academic Perspective, vol. 52, pp. 126–145, Available at: https://www.academia.edu/32511935/T%C3%BCrkiye_de_Afet_Y%C3%B6netiminin_Tarihi_ve_Yasal_Geli%C5%9Fimi_HISTORICAL_AND_LEGAL_DEVELOPMENT_OF_DISASTER_MANAGEMENT_IN_TURKEY (Accessed on 12 March 2022).
• Zaré, M. 2014. “Response Quality to the Van Earthquake in Turkey of 23 October 2011, Mw7. 2, for Hazards Reduction.” Environmental Management Hazards, 1(2), 189-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.22059/JHSCI.2014.53119
• Milliyet Newspaper web page, “Izmir Earthquake”. Milliyet Available at:https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/izmirdeki-deprem-sonrasi-cadir-kent-boyle-goruntulendi-6344056/10 (Accessed on 8 March 2022).
• Soulakellis, N., Vasilakos, C., Chatzistamatis, S., Kavroudakis, D., Tataris, G., Papadopoulou, E. E., ... & Kontos, T. 2020. “Post-earthquake recovery phase monitoring and mapping based on UAS data.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(7), 447. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070447
• Usta, P., & Bozdağ, Ö. 2021. “Earthquake analysis of historical Basdurak Mosque.” Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 27(3), 244-250. doi: https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2020.31384
• Kemec, S., Ok, A. O., & Kamaci, E. 2015. “The effects of 23 October and 9 November 2011 earthquakes on spatial transformation of the Van City.” Geodinamica Acta, 27(2-3), 214-223. doi https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.957502
• Platt, S., & Drinkwater, B. D. 2016. “Post-earthquake decision making in Turkey: Studies of Van and Izmir.” International journal of disaster risk reduction, 17, 220-237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.03.010
• S. R. Turkish Red Crescent, 2020. “Elazig/Turkey: Earthquake Situation Report No: 10.” S. R. Turkish Red Crescent Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/elazigturkey-earthquake-situation-report-no-10-31-january-2020 (Accessed on 8 March 2022).
• UNDRR, “Turkey: Izmit Earthquake 1999.” UNDRR Available at: https://www.preventionweb.net/collections/turkey-izmit-earthquake-1999. (Accessed on 8 March 2022).
• Wikipedia,“2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake.” Wikipedia Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake (Accessed on 8 March 2022).