Sürdürülebilirlik Temelinde Kentsel Mikro Konsolidasyon Merkezlerinin Yer Seçimi İçin CBS Tabanlı Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yaklaşımı

Öz

E-ticarette yaşanan yoğunluk ile birlikte kentsel mikro konsolidasyon merkezleri (UMC), son kilometre lojistiğinde (LML) hızlı ve esnek çözümlerle öne çıkmaktadır. UMC'lerin lokasyon seçimi, kentsel alanlardaki lojistik faaliyetlerinin akışı ve bu akıştan etkilenen paydaşlar üzerindeki etkileri açısından kentsel yük dağıtımındaki sorunlu konulardan biridir. Bu makale, LML'deki UMC konum seçimi problemi için ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe dayalı lojistik faaliyetleri kolaylaştırırken olumsuz dışsallıkları en aza indirecek bir değerlendirme sistemi sunulması amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, üç adımlı bir çözüm yaklaşımı geliştirilmiştir. İlk olarak, uzman görüşleri ve literatür kullanılarak sürdürülebilirlik boyutları altında UMC konumunu etkileyen kriterler belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak, kriter göstergeleri Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yaklaşımı kullanılarak önceliklendirilmiş ve eş zamanlı olarak, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kullanılarak göstergelerin mekansal analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu adımda, alternatif UMC konumları için bir uygunluk haritası geliştirmek üzere CBS yazılımında ağırlıklı çakıştırma analizi ile iki yöntem birleştirilmiştir. Son olarak, potansiyel UMC lokasyonları, Türkiye'de İzmir bölgesi için İdeal Çözüme Benzerliğe Göre Sıra Tercihi Tekniği (TOPSIS) kullanılarak sıralanmıştır. Sonuçlar, ekonomik kriterlerde erişilebilirliğin, sosyal kriterlerde trafik yoğunluğunun ve çevresel kriterlerde arazi topoğrafyasının sürdürülebilirlik altında UMC lokasyon seçiminde ön plana çıktığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmanın yürütüldüğü bölgede böyle bir tesis bulunmadığından, önerilen yerlerdeki girişimlerde sanayi ve belediyeye rehberlik etmesi beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• son kilometre lojistiği
• sürdürülebilirlik
• kentsel mikro konsolidasyon merkezi
• tesis yer seçim problemi

A GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Location Selection of Urban Micro-Consolidation Centers Under Sustainability

Öz

With the boom in e-commerce, the urban micro-consolidation center (UMC) stands out for fast and flexible solutions in last-mile logistics (LML). The location selection of UMCs is one of the problematic issues in urban freight distribution in terms of its effects on the flow of logistics activities in urban areas and the stakeholders affected by this flow. This paper aims to present an evaluation system that will minimize negative externalities while facilitating logistics activities based on economic, social, and environmental sustainability for the UMC location selection problem in LML. Hence, a three-step solution approach is developed. Firstly, criteria affecting the UMC location are determined under the sustainability dimensions using expert opinions and literature. Secondly, the criteria indicators are prioritized using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, and simultaneously, spatial analysis of the indicators is carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS). At this step, two methods are combined with weighted overlay analysis in GIS software to develop a suitability map for alternative UMC locations. Lastly, potential UMC locations are ranked using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for the case of the İzmir region, Turkey. The results indicate that accessibility in economic criteria, traffic density in social criteria, and land topography in environmental criteria come to the fore in UMC location selection under sustainability. In addition, since no such center exists in the region where the case study was conducted, it is expected to guide the industry and municipality in initiatives in the proposed places.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• last-mile logistics
• location selection problem
• sustainability
• urban micro-consolidation center

Kaynakça

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