Öz
In the Erzurum Congress, which convened on July 23, 1919, declared that the country is a whole within the national borders, and cannot be seperated. Eastern Anatolia; Established after the Ottoman Empire was located within the borders of the Republic of Turkey. In this study; The demographic structure of the eastern provinces will be analyzed at the beginning of the 20th century. The Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives constitute the main basis of the study. In the study; The demographic structure of Erzurum, Bayezid, Ağrı, Diyarbakır, Elazig, Van, Urfa, Bitlis and Erzincan has been evaluated.