Arkaik Dönem’de Yunan Symposion Geleneği ve Kahraman Kültü İlişkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 213 - 241, 15.12.2020

Berna Şirvan

https://doi.org/10.38000/juhis.779154

Öz

Symposion, Antik Yunan medeniyetini meydana getiren birçok ritüel pratikten biridir. Genellikle ziyafet kültürünün bir parçası olduğu düşünülür. Şarap bu oluşumun merkezinde yer alır. Symposion’da şarap tüketimi, içinde birçok unsuru barındıran bir ritüele dönüşmüştür. Toplumsal güç dengelerinin değişimine paralel olarak birçok symposion türü ortaya çıkar. Her türün kendine özgü özellikleri vardır. Makalenin amacı, symposion'un sahip olduğu özelliklerinin temelinde var olan kahraman kültüne ait izleri ortaya koymaktır. 

Antik Yunan'da kahraman kültü, kökeni Myken Dönemi'ne kadar giden ve temelinde kahraman tapınımı olan bir kült sistemidir. Kahramanın aristokratik, savaşçı, cesur, mücadeleci doğasının ve symposion betimlerindeki şarap tüketimi kültürünün, Arkaik Yunan symposion geleneğinin kökenini oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Kahraman kültünün Yunan symposion'una etkisi, Arkaik Dönem’e ait özellikle lirik şiirler, ikonografik betimlemeler ve arkeolojik sonuçlara dayanan kaynaklarda incelenmiştir. Farklı teoriler birlikte değerlendirilerek, incelenen konu kapsamında olası sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Symposion’un sadece ziyafetin bir parçası olarak değerlendirilemeyeceği anlaşılmaktadır. Symposion boyunca davetliler tarafından uyulması istenen ritüel pratikler, kahraman kültünün gereği olan birçok uygulamaya sahiptir. Bu yönüyle, symposion’un kahraman kültünün varlığını devam ettirmek ve gücünü arttırmak için kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuca symposion'un kökeni, Arkaik Dönem içindeki gelişimi, ritüel nesneler ve pratikler araştırılarak ulaşılmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arkaik Dönem, Antik Yunan, Ziyafet, Symposion, Krater, Kahraman Kültü

The Relation Between Greek Symposion Tradition and Heroic Cult in Archaic Era

Öz

Symposion is one of the ritual practices Ancient Greek civilization. Wine is in the center of this entity which is generally thought to be a part of feast culture. In symposion, consuming wine becomes a ritual with many elements inside. Many different kinds of symposion appear in parallel with the changes of social power balances. Each kind has unique characteristics. The aim of this article is to present the signs of heroic cult which are the basic of symposion's characteristics.

Heroic cult in ancient Greek is a cult system which dates back to Mycenaean Period and it is based on heroic worship. It is seen that the aristocratic, fighter and brave nature of the hero and wine consuming culture in symposion descriptions form the origins of Archaic Greek symposion tradition. The effect of heroic cult to Greek symposion has been studied in the resources which are espacially based on lyric poems, iconographic descriptions and archeological conclusions of Archaic era. Possible results are reached within the context of inspected subject by analyzing different theories together. It is understood that symposion cannot be considered simply as a part of the feast. Ritual practices which are asked to be followed by the guest turing symposion have several practices that heroic cult requires. From this aspect, symposion is determined to be used to continue heroic cult's existence and enhace its strange. This outcome is accomplished by examining the origin of symposion, its improvement in Archaic era, ritual objects and practices. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Archaic Era, Ancient Greek, Feast, Symposium, Krater, Heroic Cults

Kaynakça

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