OECD Ülkelerinde Enerji Kaynakları ve CO2 Emisyonu arasındaki İlişkinin STIRPAT Modeli ile incelenmesi

Öz

Dünya genelinde gerek nüfus gerekse üretim artışları küresel enerji tüketiminin her geçen yıl artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu talebi karşılayabilmek için yenilebilir ve yenilenebilir olmayan enerji kaynakları ile enerji üretimi, bu üretimin iktisadi ve çevresel çıktılarının değerlendirilmesi ülkelerin gündemini oluşturmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliği ve getirdiği olumsuzluklar karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonu artışını belirleyen temel faktörlerinde irdelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada literatürde geniş yer bulan STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluance and Technology) modeli yenilenebilir ve yenilenebilir olmayan enerji üretim değişkenlerini de dahil ederek 23 OECD ülkesi için 1990-2019 dönemine ait veriler kullanılarak panel zaman serisi yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzun dönemde sırasıyla enerji yoğunluğundaki, yenilenebilir olmayan enerji üretimindeki ve yenilenebilir enerji üretimindeki %1’lik artış CO2 emisyonunu sırasıyla %1,129, %1,047 ve %0,032 arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca nedensellik testi bulgularına göre sırasıyla nüfus, enerji yoğunluğu, yenilenebilir ve yenilebilir olmayan enerji üretiminden CO2 emisyonuna doğru istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbondioksit Emisyonu
• STIRPAT Model
• Yenilenebilir olmayan enerji üretimi
• Yenilenebilir Enerji Üretimi
• Panel Zaman Serisi Analizi

Kaynakça

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