İNSAN KAYNAKLARI TEMİN VE SEÇİMİNDE ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİNİN KULLANILMASI VE BİR UYGULAMA / USING MULTI CRITERIA DECISION TECHNIQUES IN RECRUITING AND SELECTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND AN APPLICATION

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to put forward a model that the most suitable candidate(s) can be selected in human resources recruitment and hiring (selection) process using multi-criteria decisionmaking techniques. For this purpose, first of all, necessary characteristics of sales representatives who will work in the retail chain stores of IT industry are determined based on literature, experts’ opinion and job ads. Then the precedence order of properties that sales representatives should have are asked to human resource experts who are experienced in their fields and academicians of human resource management departments through a questionnaire and data obtained by questionnaire is analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the precedence order of criteria regarding analysis results 10 candidates are evaluated using TOPSIS method and the best alternative(s) are selected. AHP and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies. They have been used extensively for analyzing complex decision problems. These approaches can be used to help decision-makers for prioritizing alternatives and determining the optimal alternative. AHP is an effective decision making method especially when subjectivity exists and it is very suitable to solve problems where the decision criteria can be organized in a hierarchical way into sub-criteria. The “Interested in technology and technological products (Following technological improvements)”, “Understand customers’ needs accurate and fast, have experience for introducing products accurately” and “Fit flexible working hours” are determined as the three most important criteria in the selection of sales representatives process by AHP.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Staffing, Recruiting, Sales Representatives Selection, Multi Criteria Decision Making, Ranking, Analytic Hierarchy Process, TOPSIS

İNSAN KAYNAKLARI TEMİN VE SEÇİMİNDE ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİNİN KULLANILMASI VE BİR UYGULAMA

Öz

Çalışmada, insan kaynakları temin ve seçim sürecinde çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerini kullanarak, en uygun adayın/adayların seçilebileceği bir modeli ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle, bilişim sektöründe yer alan perakende zincir mağazalarda çalışacak satış temsilcilerinin hangi özellikleri taşıması gerektiği literatürden, uzmanların görüşlerinden ve firmaların iş ilanlarından yola çıkılarak saptanmıştır. Daha sonra satış temsilcilerinin sahip olması gereken özelliklerinin önem dereceleri, alanında tecrübeli olan insan kaynakları uzmanlarına ve insan kaynakları yönetimi alanında öğretim üyesi olan kişilere anket vasıtasıyla sorulmuş ve elde edilen veriler Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda ortaya çıkan önem sırası doğrultusunda deneysel 10 aday TOPSIS yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek, aralarından en uygun olan kişi/kişiler seçilmiştir. AHP ve TOPSIS çok kriterli karar verme metotlarıdır. Karmaşık karar problemlerinin analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılırlar. Bu yöntemler, alternatiflerin sıralanmasında ve en uygun alternatifin seçiminde karar vericilere yardımcı olması için kullanılabilir. AHP özellikle sübjektif kriterler söz konusu olduğunda ve karar kriterlerinin hiyerarşik olarak alt kriterlere indirgenebildiği problemlerin çözümünde etkin bir karar verme yöntemidir. AHP analizi sonucunda “Teknolojiye ve teknolojik ürünlere karşı ilgili (Teknolojik gelişmeleri takip eden) olmak”, “Müşteri ihtiyacını doğru ve hızlı anlayabilecek, ürünlerin tanıtımını doğru yapabilecek tecrübeye sahip olmak” ve “Esnek çalışma saatlerine uyabilmek” kriterleri “Bilişim Sektörü Perakende Zincir Mağazalarına Satış Temsilcisi Seçiminde” en önemli ilk üç kriter olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadrolama, İnsan Kaynakları Temin ve Seçimi, Satış Temsilcisi Seçimi, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme, Sıralama, Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi, TOPSIS

Kaynakça

1. Acar, A. C. (2013). İnsan Kaynakları Planlaması ve İşgören Seçimi. Ömer Sadullah vd., İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Yenilenmiş 6. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım A. Ş..
2. Bali, Ö. ve Gencer, C. (2005). AHP, Bulanık AHP ve Bulanık Mantık'la Kara Harp Okuluna Öğretim Elemanı Seçimi, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1): 24-41.
3. Behzadian, M., Otaghsara, S. K., Yazdani, M. and Ignatius, J. (2012). A state-of the-art Survey of TOPSIS Applications, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol: 39: 13051–13069.
4. Bernardin, H. J. (2010). Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..
5. Byars, L. L. and Rue, L. W. (2008). Human Resource Management, Ninth Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..
6. Canman, D. (2000). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Ankara: Yargı Yayınevi.
7. Cascio, W. F. (2010). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits, Eighth Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.. Cascio, W. F. and Aguinis, H. (2005). Applied Psychology in Human Resource Management, Sixth Edition, Pearson International Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc..
8. Chen, S. J. and Hwang, C. L. (1992). Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

9. Cullen, B. J. (2004). Integrating e-Recruiting and HR Processes, Nicholas C. Burkholder, Preston J. Edwards Sr., and Libby Sartain (Ed.), On Staffing: Advice and Perspectives from HR Leaders, y.y.: John Wiley and Sons Inc..
10. DeCenzo, D. A. and Robbins, S. P. (2007). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, Ninth Edition, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiles & Sons, Inc..
11. DeNisi, A. S. and Griffin, R. W. (2008). Human Resource Management, Third Edition, Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
12. Dessler, G. (2008). Human Resource Management, Eleventh Edition, Pearson International Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc..
13. Fisher, C. D., Schoenfeldt, L. F. and Shaw, J. B. (2006). Human Resource Management, Sixth Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
14. Foster, M. (2003). Recruiting on the Web: Smart Strategies for Finding the Perfect Candidate, USA, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..
15. French, W. L. (2007). Human Resource Management, Sixth Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
16. Hassan, N., Ahmad, N. and Aminuddin, W. M. W. (2013). Selection of Mobile Network Operator Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Advances in Natural & Applied Sciences, 7(1): 1-5.
17. Hwang, C. L. and Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Method and Application, New York: Spring-Verlag.
18. Jabri, M. M. (1990). Personnel Selection Using Insight - C: An Application Based On The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Journal of Business and Psychology, 5(2): 281-285.
19. Kelemenis, A. and Askounis, D., (2010). A New TOPSIS-based Multi-criteria Approach to Personnel Selection, Expert Systems with Applications, 37(7): 4999-5008.
20. Lai, Y. J., Liu, T. Y. and Hwang, C. L. (1994). TOPSIS for MODM, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 76: 486-500.
21. Liberatore, M. J. and Nydick, R. L. (1997, Group Decision Making In Higher Education Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Research In Higher Education, 38(5).
22. Mathis, R. L. and Jackson, J. H. (2008). Human Resource Management, Twelfth edition, OH, USA: South-Western.
23. Matin, H. Z., Fathi, M. R., Zarchi, M. K. and Azizollahi, S. (2011). The Application of Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Personnel Selection for Padir Company, Iran, Journal of Management Research, 3(2): 1-14.
24. Mondy, R. W. (2010). Human Resource Management, Eleventh Edition, International Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc..
25. Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P. M. (2008). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..
26. Pérez, L. A., Martínez, E. Y. V., Martínez, J. H. (2012). A New Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Personnel Selection with Veto Threshold and Majority Voting Rule, Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, MICAI 2012, Proceedings of Special Session - Revised Papers, 11th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
27. Rouyendegh, B. D. and Erkan, T. E. (2012). Selection of Academic Staff Using The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP): A Pilot Study, Tehnicki vjesnik / Technical Gazette, 19(4): 9239
28. Saaty, T. L. (1990). How To Make Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 48: 9-26.
29. Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision Making With The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Int. J. Services Sciences, 1(1): 83-98.
30. Saaty, T. L. ve Sağır, M. (2005). The Encyclicon: A Dictionary of Decisions with Dependence and Feedback Based on the Analytic Neywork Process, Pittsburgh, USA: RWS Publications.
31. Sabuncuoğlu, Z. (2005). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, II. Baskı, Bursa: Furkan Ofset.
32. Snell, S. and Bohlander, G. (2010). Principles of Human Resource Management, Fifteenth Edition, International Edition, China: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
33. Taylor III, F. A., Ketcham, A. F. and Hoffman, D. (1998). Personnel Evaluation with AHP, Management Decision, 36(10): 679- 685.
34. Thirumalaivasan, D. and Karmegan, M. (2001). Aquifer Vulnerability Assesment Using Analitic Hierarchy Process and GIS for Upper Palar Watershed, 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Singapore., 1-6, (http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~acrs2001 /pdf/267THIRU.PDF) Timor, M. ve Tüzüner, V. L. (2006). Sales Representative Selection of Pharmaceutical Firms by Analytic Hierarchy Process, The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 8(1): 287-2
35. Tsaur, R. C. (2011). Decision Risk Analysis for an Interval TOPSIS Method, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218: 4295–4304.
36. Ünal, Ö. F. (2011). Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi ve Personel Seçimi Alanında Uygulamaları, Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business / Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2): 1-20.
37. Varajão, J. and Cruz-Cunha, M. M. (2013). Using AHP and the IPMA Competence Baseline in the project managers selection process, International Journal of Production Research, 51(11): 3342-3354.
38. Xi, F. and Zhang, L. (2011). A Personnel Selection Model based on TOPSIS, Management Science and Engineering, 5(3): 107-110.
39. Yoo, K. E and Choi, Y. C. (2006). Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach For Identifying Relative Importance Of Factors To Improve Passenger Security Checks At Airports, Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol.12: 135-142.
40. Yoon, K. (1980). Systems Selection by Multiple Attributes Decision Making, PhD Dissertation, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
41. York, K. M. (2010). Applied Human Resource Management: Strategic Issues and Experiential Exercises, California: SAGE Publications, Inc..
42. Yüksel, Ö. (2007). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, 6. Baskı, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
43. Zolfani, S. H. and Antucheviciene, J. (2012). Team Member Selecting Based on AHP and TOPSIS Grey, Engineering Economics, 23(4): 425-434.