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Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları

Yıl 2016, , 185 - 197, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.20236

Öz

Psikoloji literatürünün ortaya koyduğu kanıtlara göre; intiharlar, toplumların mutluluk barometresidir ve intiharlarda artışın yaşandığı dönemlerde, toplumda negatif ruh hali hâkimdir. Bu çalışma; intihar vakalarını, ruh halinin vekil değişkeni olarak kabul etmekte ve intiharların Türk Borsası üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; intihar vakalarında artışın yaşandığı dönemlerde, Türkiye borsasındaki hisse getirileri artmaktadır. Bu sonuç, negatif ruh halinin riskli varlıklara olan talebi artıracağı hipotezi ile tutarlıdır. Çalışma sonucu, Türkiye piyasası özelinde, psikoloji literatüründe yer bulan şu düşünce ile açıklanabilir; negatif ruh haline sahip bireyler, kendilerini ödüllendirmek için riskli varlıklara yönelirler

Kaynakça

  • Al-Rjoub, S. A. (2005). The adjustments of stock prices to information about inflation: evidence from MENA countries. Applied Economics Letters 12(14), 871-879
  • Andrade, E. B. (2005). Behavioral consequences of affect: Combining evaluative and regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Consumer Research 32, 355–362.
  • Arkes, H. R., Herren, L. T. and Isen, A. M. (1988). The role of potential loss in the influence of affect on risk-taking behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes 42(2), 181-193.
  • Atasoy, E. and Ertürk, M. (2014). Geography of Suicide: Russia Example. Eastern Geographical Review 19(31), 37-64.
  • Bakian, A. V., Huber, R. S., Coon, H., Gray, D., Wilson, P., McMahon, W. M. and Renshaw, P. F. (2015). Acute air pollution exposure and risk of suicide completion. American journal of epidemiology 181(5), 295-303.
  • Barry, E. S., Naus, M. J. and Rehm, L. P. (2006). Depression, implicit memory, and self: A revised memory model of emotion. Clinical Psychology Review 26(6), 719-745.
  • Batıgün, A. D. (2008). İntihar olasılığı ve cinsiyet: İletişim becerileri, yaşamı sürdürme nedenleri, yalnızlık ve umutsuzluk açısından bir inceleme. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 23(62), 65-75.
  • Berument, M. H. and Ceylan, N. B. (2012). Effects of soccer on stock markets: The return–volatility relationship. The Social Science Journal 49(3), 368-374.
  • Białkowski, J., Etebari, A. and Wisniewski, T. P. (2012). Fast profits: Investor sentiment and stock returns during Ramadan. Journal of Banking and Finance 36(3), 835-845.
  • Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American psychologist 36(2), 129-148.
  • Bozkurt, İ. (2015). Investigation of the Effects of the Moon on Stock Returns: An Empirical Application on ISE. İktisat İşletme ve Finans 30(352), 55-78.
  • Bozkurt, İ. (2014). Testing the Presence of Contagion and Competitive Effect on Sport Club’s Stock Returns around Soccer Match Results: Evidence from Turkey. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 51(591), 37-52.
  • Bruyneel, S., Dewitte, S., Franses, P. H. and Dekimpe, M. G. (2009). I felt low and my purse feels light: Depleting mood regulation attempts affect risk decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 22, 153–170.
  • Campbell, J. Y., Hilscher, J. and Szilagyi, J. (2008). In Search of Distress Risk. The Journal of Finance 63 (6), 2899-2939
  • Cao, M. and Wei, J. (2005). Stock market returns: A note on temperature anomaly. Journal of Banking and Finance 29(6), 1559-1573.
  • Chang, E. C. and Pinegar, J. M. (1989). Seasonal fluctuations in industrial production and stock market seasonals. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 24(01), 59-74.
  • Chen, Y. Y., Chen, F. and Yip, P. S. (2011). The impact of media reporting of suicide on actual suicides in Taiwan, 2002–05. Journal of epidemiology and community health 65(10), 934-940.
  • Conte, A., Levati, M. V. and Nardi, C. (2013). The role of emotions on risk preferences: An experimental analysis (No. 2013-046). Jena Economic Research Papers.
  • Dichev, I. D. (1998). Is the risk of bankruptcy a systematic risk?. The Journal of Finance 53 (3), 1131-1147.
  • Dowling, M. and Lucey, B. M. (2005). Weather, biorhythms, beliefs and stock returns—some preliminary Irish evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis 14(3), 337-355.
  • Eskin, M., Kaynak-Demir, H. and Demir, S. (2005). Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior 34(2), 185-195.
  • Encrenaz, G., Contrand, B., Leffondré, K., Queinec, R., Aouba, A., Jougla, E., Miras, A. and Lagarde, E. (2012). Impact of the 1998 football world cup on suicide rates in France: Results from the national death registry. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 42(2), 129-135.
  • Gardner, M. P. and Vandersteel, M. (1984). The consumer’s mood: an important situational variable. Advances in consumer research 11(1), 525-529.
  • Griffin, J. M. and Lemmon, M. L. (2002). Book-to-market equity, distress risk, and stock returns. The Journal of Finance 57 (5), 2317-2336.
  • Henriksson, M. M., Aro, H. M., Kuoppasalmi, K. I. and Jouko, K. L. (1993). Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide. Am J Psychiatry 1(50), 935-940.
  • Herve, D. B. G. H., Chanmalai, B. and Shen, Y. (2011). The study of causal relationship between stock market indices and macroeconomic variables in Cote d’Ivoire: Evidence from error-correction models and Granger causality test. International Journal of Business and Management 6(12), 146-169.
  • Hirshleifer, D. and Shumway, T. (2003). Good day sunshine: Stock returns and the weather. The Journal of Finance 58(3), 1009-1032.
  • Hockey, G. R. J., John Maule, A., Clough, P. J. and Bdzola, L. (2000). Effects of negative mood states on risk in everyday decision making. Cognition and Emotion 14(6), 823-855.
  • Huber, P. J. (1981). Robust Statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons,Inc.
  • Ibrahim, M. H. and Yusoff, S. W. (2001). Macroeconomic variables, exchange rate and stock price: A Malaysian perspective. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 9(2.
  • Iglewicz, B. and Hoaglin, D. (1993). How to detect and handle outliers. Milwaukee, WI.: ASQC Quality Press.
  • Isen, A. M. and Geva, N. (1987). The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk: The person with a large canoe has a large worry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 39(2), 145-154.
  • Isen, A. M. and Patrick, R. (1983). The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down. Organizational behavior and human performance 31(2), 194-202.
  • Isen, A. M., Shalker, T. E., Clark, M. and Karp, L. (1978). Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop?. Journal of personality and social psychology 36(1), 1-12.
  • Johnson, E. J. and Tversky, A. (1983). Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk. Journal of personality and social psychology 45(1), 20-31.
  • Kamstra, M. J., Kramer, L. A. and Levi, M. D. (2003). Winter blues: A SAD stock market cycle. American Economic Review, 324-343.
  • Kaplan H. I. and Sadock B. J. (2004). Klinik psikiyatri. In Abay, E. (Ed.), İntihar. 361-366. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Kavanagh, D. J. and Bower, G. H. (1985). Mood and self-efficacy: Impact of joy and sadness on perceived capabilities. Cognitive Therapy and Research 9(5), 507-525.
  • Keef, S. P. and Roush, M. L. (2005). Influence of weather on New Zealand financial securities. Accounting and Finance 45, 415-437.
  • Kuwornu, J. K. and Owusu-Nantwi, V. (2011). Macroeconomic variables and stock market returns: full information maximum likelihood estimation. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 2(4), 49-63.
  • Large, M., Sharma, S., Cannon, E., Ryan, C. and Nielssen, O. (2011). Risk factors for suicide within a year of discharge from psychiatric hospital: a systematic meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45(8), 619-628.
  • Leith, K. P. and Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk taking and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71, 1250–1267.
  • Lejoyeux, M. and Weinstein, A. (2010). Compulsive Buying. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36, 248–253. DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2010.493590
  • Lejoyeux, M., Ades, J., Tassain, V. and Solomon, J. (1996). Phenomenology and Psychopathology of uncontrolled buying. Am J Psychiatry 153(12), 1524-1529.
  • Lepori, G. M. (2010). Positive mood, risk attitudes, and investment decisions: Field evidence from comedy movie attendance in the US. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1690476 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1690476
  • Lepori, G.M. (2015). Investor mood and demand for stocks: Evidence from popular TV series finales. Journal of Economic Psychology 48(2015), 33-47.
  • Levy, T. and Yagil, J. (2011). Air pollution and stock returns in the US. Journal of Economic Psychology 32(3), 374-383.
  • Lin, C. H., Yen, H. R. and Chuang, S.-C. (2007). The effects of emotion and need for cognition on consumer choice involving risk. Journal of Business and Psychology 22(1), 65–78.
  • Loewenstein, G., Weber, E., Hsee, C. and Welch, N. (2001). Risk As Feelings. Psychological Bulletin 127 (2), 267-286.
  • Makris, G. D., Reutfors, J., Ösby, U., Isacsson, G., Frangakis, C., Ekbom, A. and Papadopoulos, F. C. (2013). Suicide seasonality and antidepressants: a register‐based study in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 127(2), 117-125.
  • Mick, D. G. and DeMoss, M. (1990). Self-gifts: Phenomenological insights from four contexts. Journal of Consumer Research 322-332.
  • Mittal, V. and Ross, W. T. (1998). The impact of positive and negative affect and issue framing on issue interpretation and risk taking. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 76(3), 298-324.
  • Mayer, J. D., Gaschke, Y. N., Braverman, D. L. and Evans, T. W. (1992). Mood-congruent judgment is a general effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63(1), 119.
  • Narayan, P. K. and Gupta, R. (2015). Has oil price predicted stock returns for over a century?. Energy Economics 48, 18-23.
  • Nygren, T. E., Isen, A. M., Taylor, P. J. and Dulin, J. (1996). The influence of positive affect on the decision rule in risk situations: Focus on outcome (and especially avoidance of loss) rather than probability. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 66(1), 59-72.
  • Özgüven, H. D., Soykan, Ç., Haran, S. and Gençöz, T. (2003). Importance of Problem Solving Skills, Perceived Social Support, and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Suicide Attempts. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 18(52), 1-11.
  • Raghunathan, R. and Pham, M. T. (1999). All negative moods are not equal: Motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 79(1), 56–77.
  • Reeves, A., Stuckler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S. S. and Basu, S. (2012). Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet 380(9856), 1813-1814.
  • Rousseeuw, P. J. and Leroy, A. M. (1987). Robust regression and outlier detection. New York: .John Wiley and Sons.
  • Salib, E. (1997). Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12(9), 937-941.
  • Saunders, E. M. (1993). Stock prices and Wall Street weather. The American Economic Review 1337-1345.
  • Schwarz, N. and Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of personality and social psychology 45(3), 513-523.
  • Schwarz, N. and Clore, G. L. (1988). How do I feel about it? The informative function of affective states. In K. Fiedler and J. Forgas (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and social behavior (pp.44-62). Göttigen, Federal Republic of Germany: Hogrefe.
  • Sergeant, K. (2011). Consumer confidence and economic growth: A case study of Trinidad and Tobago. 4th Biennial International Conference on Business, Banking and Finance, Trinidad.
  • Seyyed, F. J., Abraham, A. and Al-Hajji, M. (2005). Seasonality in stock returns and volatility: The Ramadan effect. Research in International Business and Finance 19(3), 374-383.
  • Smith, G. (2001). The price of gold and stock price indices for the United States. The World Gold Council 8, 1-16.
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Role of Negative Mood on Turkish Stock Market: Suicides

Yıl 2016, , 185 - 197, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.20236

Öz

Psychology literature founds that suicides are the happiness barometers of societies and negative mood of society has a dominant role in the increment of suicide cases. This study uses suicide cases as the proxy variable of mood and investigates its effect on Turkish stock market. Our study finds co-incidence in periods of increased suicide rates with hike in the stock returns in the Turkish stock exchange. This upshot is consistent with the hypothesis that negative mood increases the demand for risky assets. Furthermore, this study explains how specifically the Turkish market returns are affected by the negative mood of society from psychological point of view. One of the major contributing facts is, individuals in a negative mood demand for risky assets in order to reward themselves. Moreover, the buying behavior towards all risky or risk-free assets has an antidepressant effect in individuals with negative mood.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Rjoub, S. A. (2005). The adjustments of stock prices to information about inflation: evidence from MENA countries. Applied Economics Letters 12(14), 871-879
  • Andrade, E. B. (2005). Behavioral consequences of affect: Combining evaluative and regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Consumer Research 32, 355–362.
  • Arkes, H. R., Herren, L. T. and Isen, A. M. (1988). The role of potential loss in the influence of affect on risk-taking behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes 42(2), 181-193.
  • Atasoy, E. and Ertürk, M. (2014). Geography of Suicide: Russia Example. Eastern Geographical Review 19(31), 37-64.
  • Bakian, A. V., Huber, R. S., Coon, H., Gray, D., Wilson, P., McMahon, W. M. and Renshaw, P. F. (2015). Acute air pollution exposure and risk of suicide completion. American journal of epidemiology 181(5), 295-303.
  • Barry, E. S., Naus, M. J. and Rehm, L. P. (2006). Depression, implicit memory, and self: A revised memory model of emotion. Clinical Psychology Review 26(6), 719-745.
  • Batıgün, A. D. (2008). İntihar olasılığı ve cinsiyet: İletişim becerileri, yaşamı sürdürme nedenleri, yalnızlık ve umutsuzluk açısından bir inceleme. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 23(62), 65-75.
  • Berument, M. H. and Ceylan, N. B. (2012). Effects of soccer on stock markets: The return–volatility relationship. The Social Science Journal 49(3), 368-374.
  • Białkowski, J., Etebari, A. and Wisniewski, T. P. (2012). Fast profits: Investor sentiment and stock returns during Ramadan. Journal of Banking and Finance 36(3), 835-845.
  • Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American psychologist 36(2), 129-148.
  • Bozkurt, İ. (2015). Investigation of the Effects of the Moon on Stock Returns: An Empirical Application on ISE. İktisat İşletme ve Finans 30(352), 55-78.
  • Bozkurt, İ. (2014). Testing the Presence of Contagion and Competitive Effect on Sport Club’s Stock Returns around Soccer Match Results: Evidence from Turkey. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 51(591), 37-52.
  • Bruyneel, S., Dewitte, S., Franses, P. H. and Dekimpe, M. G. (2009). I felt low and my purse feels light: Depleting mood regulation attempts affect risk decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 22, 153–170.
  • Campbell, J. Y., Hilscher, J. and Szilagyi, J. (2008). In Search of Distress Risk. The Journal of Finance 63 (6), 2899-2939
  • Cao, M. and Wei, J. (2005). Stock market returns: A note on temperature anomaly. Journal of Banking and Finance 29(6), 1559-1573.
  • Chang, E. C. and Pinegar, J. M. (1989). Seasonal fluctuations in industrial production and stock market seasonals. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 24(01), 59-74.
  • Chen, Y. Y., Chen, F. and Yip, P. S. (2011). The impact of media reporting of suicide on actual suicides in Taiwan, 2002–05. Journal of epidemiology and community health 65(10), 934-940.
  • Conte, A., Levati, M. V. and Nardi, C. (2013). The role of emotions on risk preferences: An experimental analysis (No. 2013-046). Jena Economic Research Papers.
  • Dichev, I. D. (1998). Is the risk of bankruptcy a systematic risk?. The Journal of Finance 53 (3), 1131-1147.
  • Dowling, M. and Lucey, B. M. (2005). Weather, biorhythms, beliefs and stock returns—some preliminary Irish evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis 14(3), 337-355.
  • Eskin, M., Kaynak-Demir, H. and Demir, S. (2005). Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior 34(2), 185-195.
  • Encrenaz, G., Contrand, B., Leffondré, K., Queinec, R., Aouba, A., Jougla, E., Miras, A. and Lagarde, E. (2012). Impact of the 1998 football world cup on suicide rates in France: Results from the national death registry. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 42(2), 129-135.
  • Gardner, M. P. and Vandersteel, M. (1984). The consumer’s mood: an important situational variable. Advances in consumer research 11(1), 525-529.
  • Griffin, J. M. and Lemmon, M. L. (2002). Book-to-market equity, distress risk, and stock returns. The Journal of Finance 57 (5), 2317-2336.
  • Henriksson, M. M., Aro, H. M., Kuoppasalmi, K. I. and Jouko, K. L. (1993). Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide. Am J Psychiatry 1(50), 935-940.
  • Herve, D. B. G. H., Chanmalai, B. and Shen, Y. (2011). The study of causal relationship between stock market indices and macroeconomic variables in Cote d’Ivoire: Evidence from error-correction models and Granger causality test. International Journal of Business and Management 6(12), 146-169.
  • Hirshleifer, D. and Shumway, T. (2003). Good day sunshine: Stock returns and the weather. The Journal of Finance 58(3), 1009-1032.
  • Hockey, G. R. J., John Maule, A., Clough, P. J. and Bdzola, L. (2000). Effects of negative mood states on risk in everyday decision making. Cognition and Emotion 14(6), 823-855.
  • Huber, P. J. (1981). Robust Statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons,Inc.
  • Ibrahim, M. H. and Yusoff, S. W. (2001). Macroeconomic variables, exchange rate and stock price: A Malaysian perspective. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 9(2.
  • Iglewicz, B. and Hoaglin, D. (1993). How to detect and handle outliers. Milwaukee, WI.: ASQC Quality Press.
  • Isen, A. M. and Geva, N. (1987). The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk: The person with a large canoe has a large worry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 39(2), 145-154.
  • Isen, A. M. and Patrick, R. (1983). The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down. Organizational behavior and human performance 31(2), 194-202.
  • Isen, A. M., Shalker, T. E., Clark, M. and Karp, L. (1978). Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop?. Journal of personality and social psychology 36(1), 1-12.
  • Johnson, E. J. and Tversky, A. (1983). Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk. Journal of personality and social psychology 45(1), 20-31.
  • Kamstra, M. J., Kramer, L. A. and Levi, M. D. (2003). Winter blues: A SAD stock market cycle. American Economic Review, 324-343.
  • Kaplan H. I. and Sadock B. J. (2004). Klinik psikiyatri. In Abay, E. (Ed.), İntihar. 361-366. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Kavanagh, D. J. and Bower, G. H. (1985). Mood and self-efficacy: Impact of joy and sadness on perceived capabilities. Cognitive Therapy and Research 9(5), 507-525.
  • Keef, S. P. and Roush, M. L. (2005). Influence of weather on New Zealand financial securities. Accounting and Finance 45, 415-437.
  • Kuwornu, J. K. and Owusu-Nantwi, V. (2011). Macroeconomic variables and stock market returns: full information maximum likelihood estimation. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 2(4), 49-63.
  • Large, M., Sharma, S., Cannon, E., Ryan, C. and Nielssen, O. (2011). Risk factors for suicide within a year of discharge from psychiatric hospital: a systematic meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45(8), 619-628.
  • Leith, K. P. and Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk taking and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71, 1250–1267.
  • Lejoyeux, M. and Weinstein, A. (2010). Compulsive Buying. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36, 248–253. DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2010.493590
  • Lejoyeux, M., Ades, J., Tassain, V. and Solomon, J. (1996). Phenomenology and Psychopathology of uncontrolled buying. Am J Psychiatry 153(12), 1524-1529.
  • Lepori, G. M. (2010). Positive mood, risk attitudes, and investment decisions: Field evidence from comedy movie attendance in the US. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1690476 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1690476
  • Lepori, G.M. (2015). Investor mood and demand for stocks: Evidence from popular TV series finales. Journal of Economic Psychology 48(2015), 33-47.
  • Levy, T. and Yagil, J. (2011). Air pollution and stock returns in the US. Journal of Economic Psychology 32(3), 374-383.
  • Lin, C. H., Yen, H. R. and Chuang, S.-C. (2007). The effects of emotion and need for cognition on consumer choice involving risk. Journal of Business and Psychology 22(1), 65–78.
  • Loewenstein, G., Weber, E., Hsee, C. and Welch, N. (2001). Risk As Feelings. Psychological Bulletin 127 (2), 267-286.
  • Makris, G. D., Reutfors, J., Ösby, U., Isacsson, G., Frangakis, C., Ekbom, A. and Papadopoulos, F. C. (2013). Suicide seasonality and antidepressants: a register‐based study in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 127(2), 117-125.
  • Mick, D. G. and DeMoss, M. (1990). Self-gifts: Phenomenological insights from four contexts. Journal of Consumer Research 322-332.
  • Mittal, V. and Ross, W. T. (1998). The impact of positive and negative affect and issue framing on issue interpretation and risk taking. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 76(3), 298-324.
  • Mayer, J. D., Gaschke, Y. N., Braverman, D. L. and Evans, T. W. (1992). Mood-congruent judgment is a general effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63(1), 119.
  • Narayan, P. K. and Gupta, R. (2015). Has oil price predicted stock returns for over a century?. Energy Economics 48, 18-23.
  • Nygren, T. E., Isen, A. M., Taylor, P. J. and Dulin, J. (1996). The influence of positive affect on the decision rule in risk situations: Focus on outcome (and especially avoidance of loss) rather than probability. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 66(1), 59-72.
  • Özgüven, H. D., Soykan, Ç., Haran, S. and Gençöz, T. (2003). Importance of Problem Solving Skills, Perceived Social Support, and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Suicide Attempts. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 18(52), 1-11.
  • Raghunathan, R. and Pham, M. T. (1999). All negative moods are not equal: Motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 79(1), 56–77.
  • Reeves, A., Stuckler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S. S. and Basu, S. (2012). Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet 380(9856), 1813-1814.
  • Rousseeuw, P. J. and Leroy, A. M. (1987). Robust regression and outlier detection. New York: .John Wiley and Sons.
  • Salib, E. (1997). Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12(9), 937-941.
  • Saunders, E. M. (1993). Stock prices and Wall Street weather. The American Economic Review 1337-1345.
  • Schwarz, N. and Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of personality and social psychology 45(3), 513-523.
  • Schwarz, N. and Clore, G. L. (1988). How do I feel about it? The informative function of affective states. In K. Fiedler and J. Forgas (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and social behavior (pp.44-62). Göttigen, Federal Republic of Germany: Hogrefe.
  • Sergeant, K. (2011). Consumer confidence and economic growth: A case study of Trinidad and Tobago. 4th Biennial International Conference on Business, Banking and Finance, Trinidad.
  • Seyyed, F. J., Abraham, A. and Al-Hajji, M. (2005). Seasonality in stock returns and volatility: The Ramadan effect. Research in International Business and Finance 19(3), 374-383.
  • Smith, G. (2001). The price of gold and stock price indices for the United States. The World Gold Council 8, 1-16.
  • Stracca, L. (2004). Behavioral finance and asset prices: Where do we stand?. Journal of Economic Psychology 25(3), 373-405.
  • Thaler, R. H. and Johnson, E. J. (1990). Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: The effects of prior outcomes on risky choice. Management science 36(6), 643-660.
  • Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E. and Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80, 53–67.
  • Triantafyllou, K. andAngeletopoulou, C. (2011). Increased suicidality amid economic crisis in Greece. Lancet. Correspondence 378(9801), 1459-1460.
  • Vance, D. E. (1995). Belief in lunar effects on human behavior. Psychological reports 76(1), 32-34.
  • Westbrook, R. A. (1980). Intrapersonal affective influences on consumer satisfaction with products. Journal of consumer research, 49-54.
  • Wright, W. F. andBower, G. H. (1992). Mood effects on subjective probability assessment. Organizational behavior and human decision processes 52(2), 276-291.
  • Yuen, K. S. and Lee, T. M. (2003). Could mood state affect risk-taking decisions?. Journal of affective disorders 75(1), 11-18.
  • Zillmann, D. (1988). Mood management through communication choices. American Behavioral Scientist 31, 327-340.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Bozkurt

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkurt, İ. (2016). Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 11(43), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.20236
AMA Bozkurt İ. Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. Ağustos 2016;11(43):185-197. doi:10.19168/jyu.20236
Chicago Bozkurt, İbrahim. “Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 11, sy. 43 (Ağustos 2016): 185-97. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.20236.
EndNote Bozkurt İ (01 Ağustos 2016) Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 11 43 185–197.
IEEE İ. Bozkurt, “Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 43, ss. 185–197, 2016, doi: 10.19168/jyu.20236.
ISNAD Bozkurt, İbrahim. “Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 11/43 (Ağustos 2016), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.20236.
JAMA Bozkurt İ. Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2016;11:185–197.
MLA Bozkurt, İbrahim. “Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 43, 2016, ss. 185-97, doi:10.19168/jyu.20236.
Vancouver Bozkurt İ. Negatif Ruh Halinin Türk Borsası Üzerinde Oynadığı Rol: İntihar Olayları. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2016;11(43):185-97.