Uluslararası Deniz-Demir Yolu Kombine Yük Taşımacılığında Maliyet Dağıtım Yöntemlerinin Analizi

Öz

Kombine yük taşımacılığında rekabet üstünlüğünün ve operasyonel verimlilik seviyesinin arttırılabilmesi için yüklerin konsolide edilebilmesine sıklıkla başvurulmaktadır. Kombine yük taşımacılığı zinciri üzerinde bulunan taşıma ağları birden fazla ortak arasında yatay işbirliklerini gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, sağlanacak işbirliği vasıtasıyla elde edilecek faydanın tüm katılımcılar yani paydaşlar arasında adil bir şekilde dağıtımının (tahsis) nasıl yapılması gerektiği ile ilgili soruyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Şu ana kadar yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar, daha ziyade tek türlü kara yolu taşımacılığında nakliyatçılar ve taşıyıcılar arasındaki işbirlikleri üzerinden dağıtım modellerinin geliştirilmesine yoğunlaşmıştır, ancak kombine yük taşımacılığında elde edilen maliyet ya da kazancın dağıtımı ile ilgili yeteri kadar araştırma yapılamamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra kombine yük taşımacılığında deniz ve demir yolu yük taşımacılığı operatörlerinin kullandığı farklı boyut ve ebatta gemi ve tren tiplerinin farklı fiyat yapılarını içermesinden dolayı dağıtım mekanizmalarının uygulanması tek türlü taşımacılığa göre hayli karmaşıktır. Bu çalışmada kombine yük taşımacılığında kullanılan maliyet dağıtım modelleri incelenecektir. Bunun yanı sıra üç çeşit maliyet dağıtım modeli, sırasıyla orantılı tahsis mekanizması, ayrıştırma yöntemi ve Shapley değeri olarak, eşit olan yük gönderimlerine sahip iki, üç ve dört ortak deniz-demir yolu kombine taşımacılık operatöründen oluşan koalisyon yapısına göre birbirleriyle karşılaştırılarak analiz edilecek ve elde edilen sonuçların sürdürülebilirliği gösterilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yük Koalisyonu,Kombine Taşımacılık,Konsolidasyon,Maliyet Dağıtımı,Yatay işbirliği,Deniz-Demir Yolu

Analysis of Cost Allocation Methods in International Sea-Rail Multimodal Freight Transportation

Öz

Freight consolidation is often considered in order to enhance the competitive advantage and operational efficiency level of multimodal freight transportation. The transport networks require substantial horizontal collaborations between multiple partners in the multimodal transport chain. In this regard, it raises a question as how the benefits, which will be provided via collaboration, shall be allocated among the participants and beneficiaries. The vast collection of scientific literature has mainly focused on the development of allocation models for unimodal road transport conducted with the collaboration among shippers and carriers, however there is no sufficient research on the allocation of cost and saving which are provided over the multimodal freight transport. Furthermore, since the sea and rail transport providers in multimodal freight transport operate with different size and shape of vessels and rail freight wagons with different price structures, application of allocation mechanisms is more complex than unimodal transport. In this research, cost allocation models are analyzed in multimodal freight transport. In addition to this, three types of cost allocation model, respectively, proportional allocation mechanism, decomposition method and Shapley value for the same freight transport volumes are analyzed with comparison of the situations for coalitions which comprise of the two, three and four partners of sea-rail multimodal transport service providers and it ends with the delivered sustainable results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Freight Coalition,Multimodal Transportation,Consolidation,Cost Allocation,Horizontal Collaboration,Sea-Rail

Kaynakça

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