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Yeni Çağda Eski Bir Sorun: Endüstri 5.0 Yolunda Yapay Zekanın İşsizliğe Etkileri

Yıl 2021, , 77 - 94, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.781167

Öz

İşsizlik, ekonomi literatüründeki en önemli ve bitmemiş tartışmalardan biridir ve her on yılda bir işsizliği yaratan bir krize tanık olunmuştur. Ülkelerin özellikle gençlik ve uzun vadeli işsizlik oranları çok yüksek ve politika yapıcılar ilgilerini işsizlik sorunlarına odaklamaktadır. Öte yandan, dijitalleşmenin etkisi, ekonomik tartışmalarda son on yılın en çok atıf yapılan konusudur. Özellikle teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisiyle otomasyon ve yapay zekâ (AI) gelecekteki tartışmaların anahtar kelimesi haline gelmiştir. Yapay zekânın artan kabiliyetini kullanarak otomasyondaki gelişmeler, işlerin sayısını ve türünü değiştirerek işgücü piyasasının yönünü değiştirmiştir. Yapay zekâ ile artan otomasyon yeteneği, robotları kobotlara dönüştürmüş ve yeni bir sanayi devrimi olarak Sanayi 5.0'a yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, Sanayi 5.0 kavramı çerçevesinde yapay zekânın işsizlik üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çukurova Üniversitesi

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2019). Automation and new tasks: how technology displaces and reinstates labor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(2), 3-30.
  • Bejaković, P., & Mrnjavac, Ž. (2018). The danger of long-term unemployment and measures for its reduction: the case of Croatia. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 31(1), 1837-1850.
  • Borland, J., & Coelli, M. (2017). Are robots taking our jobs?. Australian Economic Review, 50(4), 377-397.
  • Ernst, E., Merola, R., & Samaan, D. (2019). Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Future of Work. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 9(1).
  • Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological forecasting and social change, 114, 254-280.
  • Fukuyama, M. (2018). Society 5.0: Aiming for a new human-centered society. Japan Spotlight, 1, 47-50.
  • Furman, J., & Seamans, R. (2019). AI and the Economy. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 19(1), 161-191.
  • Grundke, R., et al. (2018), "Which skills for the digital era?: Returns to skills analysis", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2018/09, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9a9479b5-en.
  • Haleem, A., & Javaid, M. (2019). Industry 5.0 and its applications in orthopaedics. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 10(4), 807-808.
  • ILOSTAT Data Explorer. (2020). Retrieved January 12, 2020 from https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer52/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=SDG_0852_SEX_AGE_RT_A
  • Johansson, H. (2017). Profinet Industrial Internet of Things Gateway for the Smart Factory (Master's thesis).
  • Keynes, J. M. (1930). Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, reprinted in: Essays in Persuasion by John Maynard Keynes, New York: Norton Co.
  • Korinek, A., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Artificial intelligence and its implications for income distribution and unemployment (No. w24174). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Kurzweil, R. (1985). What Is Artificial Intelligence Anyway? As the techniques of computing grow more sophisticated, machines are beginning to appear intelligent—but can they actually think?. American Scientist, 73(3), 258-264.
  • Michael A. Peters (2019) Beyond technological unemployment: the future of work, Educational Philosophy and Theory, DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2019.1608625
  • Nawrocki, T., Maldjian, P. D., Slasky, S. E., & Contractor, S. G. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Radiology: Have Rumors of the Radiologist's Demise Been Greatly Exaggerated?. Academic Radiology, 25(8), 967-972.
  • OECD (2020), Unemployment rates by education level (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6183d527-en (Accessed on 11 January 2020) Østergaard, E. H. (2016). Industry 5.0- Return of the human touch. Retrieved from https://blog.universal-robots.com/industry-50-return-of-the-human-touch.
  • Özdemir, V., & Hekim, N. (2018). Birth of industry 5.0: Making sense of big data with artificial intelligence,“the internet of things” and next-generation technology policy. Omics: a journal of integrative biology, 22(1), 65-76.
  • Pathak, Pankaj & Pal, Parashu & Shrivastava, M. & Ora, Priyanka. (2019). Fifth revolution: Applied AI & human intelligence with cyber physical systems. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 8. 23-27.
  • Simon, H. A. (1965). The shape of automation for men and management (Vol. 13). New York: Harper & Row.
  • Thrall, J. H., Li, X., Li, Q., Cruz, C., Do, S., Dreyer, K., & Brink, J. (2018). Artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology: opportunities, challenges, pitfalls, and criteria for success. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 15(3), 504-508.
  • United Nations Development Programme (2013). Chapter 3: Income inequality. Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in developing countries. One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY: Bureau for Development Policy. Washington DC : The World Bank.

An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0

Yıl 2021, , 77 - 94, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.781167

Öz

Unemployment is one of the most important and unfinished debates in the economic literature and every decade witnessed a crisis that created unemployment. Especially youth and long-term unemployment rates of the countries are very high and policymakers are focusing their interest on the unemployment problems. On the other hand, the impact of digitalisation is the most cited issue of the last decade in economic discussions. Especially, due to the impact of technological advancements, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) became the main keyword of future discussions. Advances in automation by using the increasing capability of AI changed the direction of the labor market by changing the quantity and type of jobs. The increasing capability of automation with AI turned the robots to cobots and leads to Industry 5.0 as a new industrial revolution. This study aims to explore the effects of AI in Industry 5.0 concept on unemployment.

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2019). Automation and new tasks: how technology displaces and reinstates labor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(2), 3-30.
  • Bejaković, P., & Mrnjavac, Ž. (2018). The danger of long-term unemployment and measures for its reduction: the case of Croatia. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 31(1), 1837-1850.
  • Borland, J., & Coelli, M. (2017). Are robots taking our jobs?. Australian Economic Review, 50(4), 377-397.
  • Ernst, E., Merola, R., & Samaan, D. (2019). Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Future of Work. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 9(1).
  • Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological forecasting and social change, 114, 254-280.
  • Fukuyama, M. (2018). Society 5.0: Aiming for a new human-centered society. Japan Spotlight, 1, 47-50.
  • Furman, J., & Seamans, R. (2019). AI and the Economy. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 19(1), 161-191.
  • Grundke, R., et al. (2018), "Which skills for the digital era?: Returns to skills analysis", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2018/09, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9a9479b5-en.
  • Haleem, A., & Javaid, M. (2019). Industry 5.0 and its applications in orthopaedics. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 10(4), 807-808.
  • ILOSTAT Data Explorer. (2020). Retrieved January 12, 2020 from https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer52/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=SDG_0852_SEX_AGE_RT_A
  • Johansson, H. (2017). Profinet Industrial Internet of Things Gateway for the Smart Factory (Master's thesis).
  • Keynes, J. M. (1930). Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, reprinted in: Essays in Persuasion by John Maynard Keynes, New York: Norton Co.
  • Korinek, A., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Artificial intelligence and its implications for income distribution and unemployment (No. w24174). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Kurzweil, R. (1985). What Is Artificial Intelligence Anyway? As the techniques of computing grow more sophisticated, machines are beginning to appear intelligent—but can they actually think?. American Scientist, 73(3), 258-264.
  • Michael A. Peters (2019) Beyond technological unemployment: the future of work, Educational Philosophy and Theory, DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2019.1608625
  • Nawrocki, T., Maldjian, P. D., Slasky, S. E., & Contractor, S. G. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Radiology: Have Rumors of the Radiologist's Demise Been Greatly Exaggerated?. Academic Radiology, 25(8), 967-972.
  • OECD (2020), Unemployment rates by education level (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6183d527-en (Accessed on 11 January 2020) Østergaard, E. H. (2016). Industry 5.0- Return of the human touch. Retrieved from https://blog.universal-robots.com/industry-50-return-of-the-human-touch.
  • Özdemir, V., & Hekim, N. (2018). Birth of industry 5.0: Making sense of big data with artificial intelligence,“the internet of things” and next-generation technology policy. Omics: a journal of integrative biology, 22(1), 65-76.
  • Pathak, Pankaj & Pal, Parashu & Shrivastava, M. & Ora, Priyanka. (2019). Fifth revolution: Applied AI & human intelligence with cyber physical systems. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 8. 23-27.
  • Simon, H. A. (1965). The shape of automation for men and management (Vol. 13). New York: Harper & Row.
  • Thrall, J. H., Li, X., Li, Q., Cruz, C., Do, S., Dreyer, K., & Brink, J. (2018). Artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology: opportunities, challenges, pitfalls, and criteria for success. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 15(3), 504-508.
  • United Nations Development Programme (2013). Chapter 3: Income inequality. Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in developing countries. One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY: Bureau for Development Policy. Washington DC : The World Bank.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erhan İşcan 0000-0001-6068-6698

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA İşcan, E. (2021). An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 16(61), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.781167
AMA İşcan E. An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. Ocak 2021;16(61):77-94. doi:10.19168/jyasar.781167
Chicago İşcan, Erhan. “An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16, sy. 61 (Ocak 2021): 77-94. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.781167.
EndNote İşcan E (01 Ocak 2021) An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16 61 77–94.
IEEE E. İşcan, “An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 61, ss. 77–94, 2021, doi: 10.19168/jyasar.781167.
ISNAD İşcan, Erhan. “An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16/61 (Ocak 2021), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.781167.
JAMA İşcan E. An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2021;16:77–94.
MLA İşcan, Erhan. “An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 61, 2021, ss. 77-94, doi:10.19168/jyasar.781167.
Vancouver İşcan E. An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2021;16(61):77-94.