Finansallaşma ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Farklı Kapitalizm Türleri için Mukayeseli Bir Analiz

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 56, 422 - 440, 31.10.2019

BAHAR Baysal Kar

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı literatürde iki ideal
kapitalizm türü olarak tanımlanan liberal piyasa ekonomileri ve eşgüdümlü
piyasa ekonomileri için finansallaşma ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi
mukayeseli olarak analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla 15 OECD ülkesinin 1985-2010
dönemine ait yıllık verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Gelir eşitsizliğinin
ölçülmesinde, Gini katsayısının yetersiz bir ölçü olması nedeniyle en yüksek
gelirli %1’lik kesimin ulusal gelirden aldığı pay kullanılmıştır. Finansallaşma
göstergesi olarak ise toplam katma değer içerisinde finans sektörü katma
değerinin payından yararlanılmıştır. Genişletilmiş ortalama grup (AMG)
tahmincisi  kullanılarak yapılan ampirik
analiz sonuçlarına göre teorik bekleyişlerle uyumlu olarak finans sektöründeki
büyümenin liberal ekonomilerde daha fazla gelir eşitsizliğine neden olduğu,
emek piyasası kurumlarının finansallaşmanın bu olumsuz etkisini azaltacak
düzeyde olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Liberal ekonomilere nazaran, eşgüdümlü
piyasa ekonomilerinde finansallaşmanın gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisi daha
küçüktür.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansallaşma, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Kapitalizm Türleri, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup Tahmincisi

Kaynakça

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