SCIENCES THAT MUST BE LEARNED BEFORE PHILOSOPHY ACCORDİNG TO ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHERS
Öz
In this study, we dealt with the viewpoints of
Islamic Philosophers Kindî, Fârâbî and İhvân-ı Safâ Community on the sciences
that should be learnt before philosophy. For this, firstly, we examined the
definitions of these philosophers on philosophy and their purposes in learning
it. Kindî determined that mathematics, logic and physics should be learnt before
philosophy. Fârâbî, on the other hand, claimed that ethical values should be
sufficient first, and then geometrical proofs and logic should be learnt
afterwards. Ihvân-ı Safâ, which was in the same century with Fârâbî, claimed
that mathematics, geometry, music, astrology, logic and natural sciences, which
corresponded to physics, before philosophy (metaphysics). In order to assess
this topic in terms of our present time, in the last section, we examined the
curriculum of philosophy in Turkey with a general viewpoint. We also
investigated the curriculum under three categories as history of philosophy,
the specific subjects in which philosophy was interested, and logic classes. We
also examined the learning method of philosophy of Islamic scholars, which
brought benefits and ease for preparing the mind for abstract knowledge and to
facilitate understanding. Although our up-to-date educational curriculum is
considered to be sufficient in providing information, we may claim that we do
not have a preparation that will enable the efficient learning of this
knowledge. For this reason, we defended that idea that classes with
mathematical contents should be added to the curriculum. When we accept that
the subject of philosophy is not metaphysics, this situation does not change,
and there must be physics, chemistry and similar subjects to know scientific
developments to associate them with philosophy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Islamic Philosophy,Philosophy Teaching,Kindi,Farabi,Ihvan-ı Safa
Kaynakça
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